Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and cytokines expression characteristics in infants with mild and severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection.Methods:From May 2023 to December 2023, plasma samples and clinical information were collected from 16 infants with RSV infection and 14 control infants. Cytek Aurora flow cytometry (Cytek, America) and Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the expression levels of 25 cytokines after mild and severe RSV infection.Results:Cough and nasal obstruction were the main clinical manifestations in infants with mild RSV infection, accompanied by polypnea, wheezing and other symptoms. The main symptoms of severe RSV infection were cough and rales, accompanied by fever and polypnea. In comparison with the control group, the expression levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-13, IL-22, TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-β, MIP-1β, I-TAC, ENA-78, GROα, Eotaxin, and MCP-1 in the RSV infection group all exhibited an upregulation trend. Both IP-10 and MIP-3α demonstrated a downward trend in the RSV infection group; however, there was no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05). The levels of IL-10, IFN-γ, MIP-1α, and IL-8 in the RSV infection group were significantly higher than those in the control group, whereas the levels of MIG, TARC, and RANTES in the RSV infection group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-22, IFN-β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-8, I-TAC, MIP-1β, Eotaxin, and MCP-1 in the mild RSV infection group were significantly higher than those in the severe RSV infection group ( P>0.05). Among these, the levels of MIG, RANTES, TARC, MIP-3α, and ENA-78 in the mild infection group were all lower than those in the severe infection group. The expressions of ENA-78 and MIP-1α in the severe infection group were significantly higher than those in the mild infection group and also higher than those in the control group. There was no significant difference in IP-10 and GROα between the mild and severe RSV infection groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The differences in clinical features and cytokines between infants with mild and severe RSV infection provide important data support for the prevention and treatment of RSV infection in infants.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and cytokines expression characteristics in infants with mild and severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection.Methods:From May 2023 to December 2023, plasma samples and clinical information were collected from 16 infants with RSV infection and 14 control infants. Cytek Aurora flow cytometry (Cytek, America) and Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the expression levels of 25 cytokines after mild and severe RSV infection.Results:Cough and nasal obstruction were the main clinical manifestations in infants with mild RSV infection, accompanied by polypnea, wheezing and other symptoms. The main symptoms of severe RSV infection were cough and rales, accompanied by fever and polypnea. In comparison with the control group, the expression levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-13, IL-22, TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-β, MIP-1β, I-TAC, ENA-78, GROα, Eotaxin, and MCP-1 in the RSV infection group all exhibited an upregulation trend. Both IP-10 and MIP-3α demonstrated a downward trend in the RSV infection group; however, there was no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05). The levels of IL-10, IFN-γ, MIP-1α, and IL-8 in the RSV infection group were significantly higher than those in the control group, whereas the levels of MIG, TARC, and RANTES in the RSV infection group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-22, IFN-β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-8, I-TAC, MIP-1β, Eotaxin, and MCP-1 in the mild RSV infection group were significantly higher than those in the severe RSV infection group ( P>0.05). Among these, the levels of MIG, RANTES, TARC, MIP-3α, and ENA-78 in the mild infection group were all lower than those in the severe infection group. The expressions of ENA-78 and MIP-1α in the severe infection group were significantly higher than those in the mild infection group and also higher than those in the control group. There was no significant difference in IP-10 and GROα between the mild and severe RSV infection groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The differences in clinical features and cytokines between infants with mild and severe RSV infection provide important data support for the prevention and treatment of RSV infection in infants.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the outcome of skin injury and urinary arsenic methylation metabolism levels in people exposed to arsenic through drinking water.Methods:Using cluster sampling method, permanent residents from drinking-water-borne endemic arsenic poisoning areas in Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected as survey subjects in 2004 (before water improvement). In 2017 (after water improvement), 74 survey subjects from 2004 were tracked and followed up. Urine samples were collected from survey subjects and high-performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to detect the levels of arsenic methylation metabolites in urine. According to the "Diagnosis of Endemic Arsenic Poisoning" (WS/T 211-2015), the clinical grading (normal, suspicious, mild, moderate and severe) of skin injury of the survey subjects and the outcome of 2017 (improved, unchanged, aggravated) were assessed. A database was established and SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:The clinical grading ratios of skin injuries among survey subjects in 2004 and 2017 were compared, the differences were statistically significant (normal, suspicious, mild, moderate and severe: 38, 18, 4, 14 cases in 2004 and 27, 31, 3, 13 cases in 2017, χ 2 = 53.02, P < 0.001). Compared with 2004, in 2017, the levels of total arsenic (tAs), inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsenic (MMA), dimethylarsenic (DMA), percentage of inorganic arsenic (iAs%), and ratio of monomethylarsenic to dimethylarsenic (MMA/DMA) in the urine of survey subjects were low, and the differences were statistically significant ( Z = - 8.24, - 9.07, - 7.81, - 8.04, - 8.24, - 3.56, P < 0.001). The levels of dimethylarsenic percentage (DMA%), monomethylation rate (PMI) and dimethylation rate (SMI) were higher, and the differences were statistically significant ( Z = - 6.39, - 8.24, - 3.52, P < 0.001). In 2004, patients with different clinical grading of skin injuries had different outcomes in 2017 (χ 2 = 30.80, P < 0.001). There were statistically significant differences in tAs, iAs, MMA and DMA variation in urine among skin injury patients with different outcomes ( H = 10.62, 9.35, 8.80, 9.13, P < 0.05). Conclusions:Improving water can significantly reduce the levels of tAs, iAs, MMA, and DMA in the urine of arsenic exposed individuals. The outcome of skin injury in individuals exposed to arsenic through drinking water is related to the variation of urinary arsenic methylation metabolites tAs, iAs, MMA, and DMA.

Objective To investigate the mechanism by which lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1(LOX-1)regulates hyperglycemic-induced myocardial fibroblast(CFs)fibrosis through the glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)pathway.Methods CFs were isolated,cultured and identified.LOX-1 RNAi lentiviral vector was constructed and infected CFs.The experimental groups were as follows:Normal control(NC)group,High glucose(HG)group,LV-LOX-1,LV-Con group,Hypertonic(HPG)group.After LV-LOX-1 and LV-Con were infected with CFs,adding 25 mmol/L glucose to culture CFs for 24 h,they were denoted as HG+LV-LOX-1 group and HG+LV-Con group.Cells in HG+LV-LOX-1 group and HG+LV-Con group were treated with 10 μ mol/L SB216763 and 10 μ mol/L STATTIC for 24 h,respectively,and then they were recorded as HG+LV-LOX-1+SB216763 group,HG+LV-Con+SB216763 group,HG+LV-LOX-1+STATTIC group and HG+LV-Con+STATTIC group.CCK-8 was used to detect the activity of CFs,and the expression levels of mRAN and protein of LOX-1,collagen type I(COL-I),thioredoxin 5(TXNDC5),GSK-3β,STAT3,p-GSK-3β and p-STAT3 were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot.Results CFs infected with LOX-1 RNAi lentiviral vector were obtained,which showed green under fluorescence microscopy.Compared with HG and HG+LV-Con groups,the mRNA expressions of LOX-1,COL-I and TXNDC5 were decreased in HG+LV-LOX-1 group(P<0.05).Compared with HG+LV-LOX-1 group,mRNA expressions of COL-I and TXNDC5 were decreased in HG+LV-LOX-1+SB216763 and HG+LV-LOX-1+STATTIC groups(P<0.05).Compared with HG and HG+LV-Con groups,p-GSK-3β protein expression was increased in HG+LV-LOX-1 group(P<0.05),while LOX-1,p-STAT3,COL-I,TXNDC5 protein expression was decreased in HG+LV-LOX-1 group(P<0.05).Compared with HG+LV-LOX-1 group,p-GSK-3β protein expression was increased in HG+LV-LOX-1+SB216763 group(P<0.05),while the protein expressions of p-STAT3,COL-I and TXNDC5 were decreased in HG+LV-LOX-1+SB216763 and HG+LV-LOX-1+STATTIC groups(P<0.05).Conclusion LOX-1,GSK-3β,STAT3,TXNDC5,and COL-I are involved in high glucose induced CFs fibrosis.LOX-1 promotes the expression of TXNDC5 and COL-I through GSK-3β/STAT3 pathway,and inhibition of LOX-1 can inhibit high glucose induced CFs fibrosis.

Objective To explore the relationship between serum microRNA-124(miR-124),CD146,angio-poietin-like protein 2(Angptl2)and the stability of carotid atherosclerosis(CAS)plaque in patients with a-cute cerebral infarction(ACI),and to provide reference for early prevention and treatment of patients with ACI.Methods A total of 191 patients with ACI admitted in Handan Central Hospital from January 2020 to February 2023 were selected as ACI group,and another 61 healthy volunteers who were underwent physical examination during the same period were selected as control group.The patients with ACI were divided into unstable plaque group(56 cases),stable plaque group(71 cases),and non plaque group(64 cases)based on carotid color doppler ultrasound results.The serum miR-124 expression levels of all subjects were detected by real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR),and the serum CD146 and Angptl2 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The influencing factors of the instabili-ty of CAS plaque in patients with ACI was analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression.The predictive value of serum miR-124,CD146 combined with Angptl2 for the instability of CAS plaque in patients with ACI was analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results The serum CD146 and Angptl2 levels in ACI group were higher than those in control group(P＜0.05),and the miR-124 expression level was lower than that in control group(P＜0.05).Univariate analysis showed that the stability of CAS plaques in ACI patients was correlated with age,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,fibrinogen(FIB),serum C-reac-tive protein(CRP),serum cystatin C(CyC),CD146,Angptl2 and miR-124(P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the decrease of serum miR-124,the increase of CD146,the increase of Angptl2 and the combination of hyperlipidemia were risk factors for CAS plaque stability in ACI patients(P＜0.05).The area under ROC curve(AUC)of serum miR-124,CD146,Angptl2 and the combination of the three indi-cators to predict CAS plaque instability in ACI patients were 0.741,0.719,0.781 and 0.834,respectively.Conclusion The serum miR-124 expression level,CD146 and Angptl2 levels are the influencing factors of CAS plaque instability in ACI patients,which may be involved in the formation and development of CAS plaque in ACI patients.The combined detection of the three factors has a good predictive effect on CAS plaque instability in ACI patients.

Objective:To investigate the arsenic metabolism pattern and possible influencing factors in the population in drinking-water-borne endemic arsenic poisoning (drinking-water-borne arsenic poisoning for short) areas.Methods:In December 2004, a cluster sampling method was used to select arsenic poisoning population (arsenic poisoning group) and healthy population (control group) in drinking-water-borne arsenic poisoning area of Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as the survey subjects. A questionnaire survey was conducted. Arsenic content in drinking water at home of survey subjects, the levels of urinary arsenic and its metabolites, including [trivalent arsenic (As Ⅲ), inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsenic acid (pentavalent, MMA V), dimethylarsenic acid (pentavalent, DMA V), total arsenic (tAs), percentage of inorganic arsenic (iAs%), percentage of monomethylarsenic acid (MMA%), percentage of dimethylarsenic acid (DMA%), primary methylation index (PMI), secondary methylation index (SMI)] were tested using high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; nail arsenic and nail selenium levels were tested using atomic fluorescence spectrometer. The influencing factors of arsenic metabolism pattern were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results:A total of 536 survey subjects were included, including 155 individuals in the arsenic poisoning group and 381 in the control group. The water arsenic level ranged from 0.0 to 825.7 μg/L. Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in the distribution of gender, education level and dental fluorosis in the arsenic poisoning group ( P > 0.05), but there were significant differences in the distribution of age, marital status, smoking, drinking and water arsenic ( P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the levels of urinary As Ⅲ, iAs, MMA V, DMA V, tAs, MMA%, MMA/DMA and nail arsenic in the arsenic poisoning group were higher ( P < 0.05), while the levels of urinary DMA%, SMI and nail selenium were lower ( P < 0.05); but there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of urinary iAs% and PMI ( P > 0.05). Gender, education level, depth of wells, water arsenic, total number of wells and nail arsenic were the influencing factors of urinary As Ⅲ (β = - 19.82, - 23.83, 0.61, 0.21, 7.26, 2.98, P < 0.05). Age, depth of wells, water arsenic and nail arsenic were the influencing factors of urinary tAs (β = 3.18, 3.25, 1.31, 15.59, P < 0.05). Gender, education level, depth of wells, water arsenic, total number of wells and nail arsenic were the influencing factors of urinary iAs (β = - 20.47, - 25.90, 0.64, 0.25, 7.87, 3.11, P < 0.05). Age, gender, education level, water arsenic and nail arsenic were the influencing factors of urinary MMA V (β = 0.52, - 17.07, - 21.84, 0.22, 2.77, P < 0.05). Age, depth of wells, water arsenic and nail arsenic were the influencing factors of urinary DMA V (β = 2.35, 2.47, 0.85, 9.22, P < 0.05). Conclusions:Compared with healthy individuals, there are differences in arsenic metabolism pattern among individuals with drinking-water-borne arsenic poisoning. Age, gender, education level, depth of wells, water arsenic, total number of wells and nail arsenic may be influencing factors of different arsenic metabolism patterns.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of multimodal non-drug treatment during induction of general anesthesia on emergence delirium (ED) in the preschool children.Methods:A total of 210 pediatric patients of either sex, aged 3-6 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰor Ⅱ, undergoing elective operation for snoring with expected operation time <2 h, were involved in this study. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the parity of the numbers randomly generated by the computer: multimodal non-drug treatment group (group N, n=102) and control group (group C, n=108). In group N, multiple modes of non-drug intervention (including parents′ company, carrying favorite toys, watching favorite video programs with portable multimedia devices, etc) were used during anesthesia induction, and the children left their parents and entered the operating room after completion of general anesthesia. The children directly entered the operating room with the medical staff for anesthesia induction (without parents′ company and other intervention measures) in group C. The patients were endotracheally intubated and received combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia and general anesthesia in both groups. The anxiety was evaluated by modified Yale preoperative anxiety scale (m-YPAS) score at 24 h before operation (T 0) and immediately before induction of general anesthesia (T 1). The Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale score (PAED score, ED was defined as PAED score > 12), FLACC scale score and Ramsay Sedation Scale score were recorded when orientation recovered after admission to postanesthesia care unit (T 2) and at 6, 24 and 72 h after operation. The patients were divided into ED group and non-ED group (NED group) according to the occurrence of ED, and the risk factors of which P values were less than 0.05 would enter the multivariate logistic regression analysis to stratify ED-related risk factors and construct the prediction model. The accuracy of the prediction model was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results:Compared with group C, the m-YPAS at T 1 and PAED score and incidence of ED at T 2 were significantly decreased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in FLACC score and Ramsay sedation score at all time points in group N ( P>0.05). Age, m-YPAS score at T 1, multimodal non-drug treatment during anesthesia induction, FLACC score at T 2 and Ramsay sedation score at T 2 were the risk factors for ED ( P<0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.944, the 95% confidence interval was 0.914-0.974, with a Yonden index of 0.779, sensitivity of 94.9%, specificity of 83%, and the cutoff value of 0.14. Conclusions:Multimodal non-drug treatment during induction of general anesthesia can effectively reduce the development of ED in the preschool children.

Animals ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Macaca mulatta ; COVID-19/prevention & control* ; Antibodies, Viral ; Vaccines

Background::Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease characterized by complex and various clinical manifestations. The study aimed to analyze clinical features and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes of hyperintense white matter (WM) lesions in SLE patients.Methods::This was a retrospective study based on a consecutive cohort of 1191 SLE patients; 273 patients for whom cerebral MRI data were available were enrolled to assess hyperintense WM lesions associated with SLE. Patients were assigned to two groups, ie, with or without hyperintense WM lesions. The MRI assessment showed that the hyperintense WM lesions could be classified into three categories: type A, periventricular hyperintense WM lesions; type B, subcortical hyperintense WM lesions; and type C, multiple discrete hyperintense WM lesions. The clinical and MRI characteristics were analyzed. Factors related to hyperintense WM lesions were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results::Among the 273 SLE patients with available cerebral MRI scans, 35.9% (98/273) had hyperintense WM lesions associated with SLE. The proportions of types A, B, and C were 54.1% (53/98), 11.2% (11/98), and 92.9% (91/98), respectively. Fifty-one percents of the patients showed an overlap of two or three types. Type C was the most common subgroup to be combined with other types. Compared with those without hyperintense WM lesions, the patients with hyperintense WM lesions were associated with neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE), lupus nephritis (LN), hypertension, and hyperuricemia ( P = 0.002, P = 0.018, P = 0.045, and P = 0.036, respectively). Significantly higher rates of polyserous effusions and cardiac involvement were found in the patients with hyperintense WM lesions ( P = 0.029 and P = 0.027, respectively), and these patients were more likely to present with disease damage ( P < 0.001). In addition, the patients with hyperintense WM lesions exhibited a higher frequency of proteinuria ( P = 0.009) and higher levels of CD8 + T cells ( P = 0.005). In the multivariate logistic analysis, hyperuricemia and higher CD8 + T cells percentages were significantly correlated with hyperintense WM lesions in SLE patients ( P= 0.019; OR 2.129, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.313-4.006 and P < 0.001; OR 1.056, 95% CI 1.023-1.098, respectively). Conclusions::Hyperintense WM lesions are common in SLE patients and significantly associated with systemic involvement, including NPSLE, LN, polyserous effusions, cardiac involvement, and disease damage. Hyperuricemia and a higher number of CD8 + T cells were independent factors associated with hyperintense WM lesions in SLE.

Objective:To learn about the incidence of hypertension in residents of arsenic exposure areas of Togtoh County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and to analyze the influencing factors of hypertension.Methods:In Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Ciweigou of Togtoh County, a drinking water-type endemic arsenic poisoning area, and Lanjiayao of Horinger County, a non-arsenic poisoning area with similar living habits and economic conditions, permanent residents who had lived for ≥10 years were selected as the survey subjects. Totally 116 residents of Ciweigou (exposure group) and 68 residents of Lanjiayao (control group) were included in the survey. Blood pressure was measured and the contents of arsenic, selenium, lead and chromium in urine were detected, multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of hypertension.Results:The detection rates of hypertension in exposure group and control group were 53.45% (62/116) and 70.59% (48/68), respectively, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ 2 = 5.33, P = 0.022). The contents of arsenic, selenium and chromium in urine of exposure group were higher than those of control group, and the content of lead in urine was lower than that of control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( Z = 13.04, 6.34, 11.28, - 9.91, P < 0.001). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female, age ≥60 years old and high urinary arsenic content were the influencing factors of hypertension [odds ratio ( OR) = 2.074, 2.004, 0.424, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 1.113 - 3.866, 1.035 - 3.879, 0.219 - 0.820] in arsenic exposure areas. Conclusion:Female, age ≥60 years old and high urinary arsenic content are the influencing factors of hypertension in arsenic exposure areas of Togtoh County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.