Objective:To investigate the epidemic distribution and characteristics of brucellosis in Heze City, and to provide a basis for formulating prevention and control measures in the future.Methods:The data of Heze City brucellosis reported from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021, were collected from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The epidemiological case questionnaires of brucellosis in Heze City from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021 were collected from the centers for disease control and prevention of various cities, counties and districts. Retrospective analysis was used to conduct a descriptive analysis of the distributions, clinical manifestations and epidemiological history 3 weeks prior to the onset of the disease in Heze City from 2017 to 2021.Results:From 2017 to 2021, a total of 1 543 cases of brucellosis were reported in Heze City, with no death. The highest incidence was in 2018 (5.16/100 000). The peak period was from March to June each year (759 cases). There were cases reported in all counties (districts) of the city, and the counties (districts) with more cases were Mudan District (386 cases), Cao County (271 cases), Yuncheng County (251 cases), Shan County (138 cases) and Juye County (132 cases). The minimum age of onset was 11 months, and the maximum was 84 years old, mainly between the ages of 20 to 69 (1 381 cases). The gender ratio between males and females was 2.50 ∶ 1.00 (1 102 ∶ 441). Farmers had the highest incidence of the disease (1 329 cases). Main clinical manifestations were fever, hyperhidrosis, fatigue, muscle and joint soreness. Epidemiological history investigation within 3 weeks before the onset of the disease revealed 1 124 cases of close contact with animals, including 1 044 cases of contact with sheep.Conclusions:From 2017 to 2021, the incidence of brucellosis in Heze City shows a trend of first rising and then decreasing, and the epidemic affects all counties (districts) of the city, mainly middle-aged and elderly men. In the future, it is necessary to strictly control the flow of diseased animals, increase immunization and quarantine, and block the transmission route.

Objective:To investigate the application effect of CBL teaching based on mind mapping combined with know-want-learned (KWL) chart in standardized nursing training for neonatal infection.Methods:A total of 58 students who participated in standardized training in Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, were included in the study and were divided into control group and observation group using a simple random number table, with 29 students in each group. The students in the control group were given traditional teaching, and those in the observation group were given CBL teaching based on mind mapping combined with KWL chart. Assessment score was compared between the two groups, and the two groups were compared in terms of self-directed learning ability, critical thinking ability, and evaluation of teaching effectiveness. SPSS 22.0 was used to perform the chi-square test and the t-test. Results:Both groups had significant increases in the scores of theoretical knowledge (91.65±5.17 vs. 84.58±9.14), clinical skills (89.16±6.24 vs. 83.34±7.40), Self-Rating Scale of Self-Directed Learning (257.23±25.79 vs. 241.56±22.74), and Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory-Chinese Version (317.14±38.50 vs. 285.78±34.71) after training, and the observation group had significantly higher scores than the control group ( P<0.05). The observation group had a significantly higher evaluation of teaching effectiveness than the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:CBL teaching based on mind mapping combined with KWL chart can improve the assessment scores of students and improve their self-directed learning ability and critical thinking ability, and students have a high evaluation of teaching effectiveness.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now pandemic worldwide and has heavily overloaded hospitals in Wuhan City, China during the time between late January and February. We reported the clinical features and therapeutic characteristics of moderate COVID-19 cases in Wuhan that were treated via the integration of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine. We collected electronic medical record (EMR) data, which included the full clinical profiles of patients, from a designated TCM hospital in Wuhan. The structured data of symptoms and drugs from admission notes were obtained through an information extraction process. Other key clinical entities were also confirmed and normalized to obtain information on the diagnosis, clinical treatments, laboratory tests, and outcomes of the patients. A total of 293 COVID-19 inpatient cases, including 207 moderate and 86 (29.3%) severe cases, were included in our research. Among these cases, 238 were discharged, 31 were transferred, and 24 (all severe cases) died in the hospital. Our COVID-19 cases involved elderly patients with advanced ages (57 years on average) and high comorbidity rates (61%). Our results reconfirmed several well-recognized risk factors, such as age, gender (male), and comorbidities, as well as provided novel laboratory indications (e.g., cholesterol) and TCM-specific phenotype markers (e.g., dull tongue) that were relevant to COVID-19 infections and prognosis. In addition to antiviral/antibiotics and standard supportive therapies, TCM herbal prescriptions incorporating 290 distinct herbs were used in 273 (93%) cases. The cases that received TCM treatment had lower death rates than those that did not receive TCM treatment (17/273 = 6.2% vs. 7/20= 35%, P = 0.0004 for all cases; 17/77= 22% vs. 7/9= 77.7%, P = 0.002 for severe cases). The TCM herbal prescriptions used for the treatment of COVID-19 infections mainly consisted of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Radix Scutellariae, Rhizoma Pinellia, and their combinations, which reflected the practical TCM principles (e.g., clearing heat and dampening phlegm). Lastly, 59% of the patients received treatment, including antiviral, antibiotics, and Chinese patent medicine, before admission. This situation might have some effects on symptoms, such as fever and dry cough. By using EMR data, we described the clinical features and therapeutic characteristics of 293 COVID-19 cases treated via the integration of TCM herbal prescriptions and Western medicine. Clinical manifestations and treatments before admission and in the hospital were investigated. Our results preliminarily showed the potential effectiveness of TCM herbal prescriptions and their regularities in COVID-19 treatment.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; COVID-19/therapy* ; China ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the correlation of serum urate and gout with calcific aortic stenosis.Methods Patients aged over 60 years admitted into our hospital from July 2009 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.A total of 230 patients were diagnosed as calcific aortic stenosis according to clinical history and transthoracic echocardiography(TTE),and enrolled in the aortic stenosis group.During the same period,460 age-matched patients without aortic stenosis confirmed by TTE were randomly recruited in the 1 ∶ 2 case-control study.The correlations of calcific aortic stenosis with serum urate and gout were analyzed.According to the differential pressure across the valve leaflets assessed by TTE,patients with calcific aortic stenosis were divided into 3 subgroups:the mild stenosis subgroup(n=42),the moderate stenosis subgroup(n=79)and the severe stenosis subgroup(n =109).Relationships of serum urate and gout with different degrees of calcific aortic stenosis were analyzed.Risk factors for the degree of calcific aortic stenosis were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis.Results Serum urate level was higher in aortic stenosis group than in control group [(401.8±139.7) μmol/L vs.(320.7± 106.2) μmol/L,P＜0.05].And the proportion of patients with gout was higher in aortic stenosis group than in control group[11.3％ (26 cases) vs.5.0％ (23 cases),P＜ 0.05].Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that serum urate (OR =3.47,95 ％CI:2.24～ 5.38,P ＜ 0.01) was an independent risk factor for calcific aortic stenosis,while gout (OR=1.41,95％CI:0.74～2.71,P =0.30)was not.There was no correlation of serum urate and gout with the severity of calcific aortic stenosis among the three subgroups(P＞0.05).Conclusions Serum urate level is significantly increased in patients with calcified aortic stenosis.Serum urate is an independent risk factor for calcified aortic stenosis,but has no relationship with stenosis degree.The correlation between gout and calcified aortic stenosis still needs to be further explored.

Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance to pathogenic bacterial pathogen in children with community acquired pneumonia (CAP),so as to provide recommendations for clinical rational use of anti-biotics. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the distribution and drug resistance to bacteria in CAP chil-dren admitted to Department of Respiration,Shanghai Children′s Medical Center from January 2014 to December 2015. Results There were 463 patients with positive sputum culture,and a total of 496 strains of pathogens were found. There were 273 Galanz negative bacteria,195 Galanz positive bacteria and 28 other rare bacteria,accounted for 55. 04％,39. 31％ and 5. 65％ of the total bacteria,respectively. The main pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus,Haemophilus influenzae,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. The highest detection rate of bacteria in 1-12 months children with CAP was Staphylococcus aureus,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli;in > 12 months children with CAP,the highest detection rate of bacteria was Streptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus. Both of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus had a high resis-tance to Erythromycin,Clindamycin and Oxacillin. There were 11. 00％ Streptococcus pneumoniae and 94. 74％ taphy-lococcus aureus resistant to Penicillin,while they were not resistant to Vancomycin. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae both showed a high resistance to ampicillin,the second and third generation cephalosporins. Haemophilus influenzae were highly resistant to Compound sulfamethoxazole and Ampicillin. Galanz negative bacteria had the lowest resistance to Piperacillin/ Tazobactam and Amikacin. Conclusions The main pathogens of CAP in children were G -bacteria. There were some differences among the isolates at different ages of CAP. Their resistance to very common anti-biotics was very high in children.

Objective To assess the efficacy of oral treatment and parenteral treatment in community acquired pneumonia( CAP) children by meta-analysis method. Methods Searches were made in MEDLINE、EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials ( CENTRAL ) from the establishment of the data base till September 2016. All randomized controlled trials about oral and parenteral treatment in community ac-quired pneumonia children were eligible. Review Manager 5. 3 was used to analyze the studies enroued in this meta-analysis. Results 4582 literatures were reviewed. Seven(n=5030)eligible trials were used for meta-a-nalysis. The treatment failure between community acquired pneumonia children treated with oral treatment and parenteral treatment was found no significant difference(OR =0. 82, 95% CI =0. 63-1. 08,P <0. 05). The treatment failure of oral treatment group was found to be significantly higher than parenteral treatment group in CAP children under 1 year of age(OR=2. 25,95%CI=1. 61-3. 14,P<0. 01). The treatment failure of children who had used antibiotics before included in the study was found to be significantly higher than those who had not used(OR=1. 94,95%CI=1. 50-2. 50,P<0. 01). The death rate of oral treatment group was found to be signif-icantly lower than the parenteral treatment group(OR=0. 31,95%CI=0. 11-0. 85,P=0. 02). There was no sig-nificant difference of relapse rate (OR=1. 28,95%CI=0. 34-4. 82) and loss to follow-up rate(OR=1. 08,95%CI=0. 77-1. 51) between the two group. Conclusion Oral treatment is as effective as parenteral treatment in CAP children. The death rate of oral treatment group is significantly lower than the parenteral treatment group.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of 1-bromopropane (1-BP) on liver and kidney functions of exposed workers.

METHODSOccupational health situation in three 1-BP plants was investigated. Fifty-four workers from the 1-BP manufacturing line were chose to be contact group, while 42 workers from non-1-BP manufacturing line as control group. All workers underwent questionnaire survey, liver function test as well as kidney function test.

RESULTWorking years has no impact on liver and kidney functions of workers from contact group. Compared with the control, liver and kidney functions test of the two groups showed no statistical difference either.

CONCLUSIONThe present investigation doesn't prove any impact of occupational 1-BP exposure on worker's liver and kidney functions.

Humans ; Hydrocarbons, Brominated ; toxicity ; Kidney ; drug effects ; Liver ; drug effects ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects

Aim To investigate the effects of isoliquiri-tigenin(ISL)on C6 glioma cell proliferation and differ-entiation.Methods C6 glioma cells’viability and proliferation were respectively measured by SRB test. Colony formation of C6 glioma cells from different groups was assayed.After culturing the cells from each group,giemsa staining was used to observe cell mor-phology.RT-PCR was applied to detect mRNA expres-sion of GFAP.Western blot was applied to detect the expression of GFAP.Results ISL effectively inhibited the viability of C6 glioma cells when compared with the control group in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.01).The morphological observation under light mi-croscope showed that:in the control group,most of the undifferentiated C6 cells showed long fusiform and po-lygonal shape.Compared to the control group,the C6 cells treated with ISL revealed alteration in morphology such as astrocytes with smaller smooth,round body and much finer longer,tapering processes.The cloning for-mation rate detection revealed that:the colonies in the control group semerged earlier and were larger than those experimental ones,the cloning formation rate was higher,while almost no effective cells colony emerged in ISL treated groups(P <0.01 ).Western blot and RT-PCR analysis showed that GFAP expression in the ex-perimental groups increased(P <0.01).Conclusion ISL may inhibit the proliferation of C6 glioma cells and induce their differentiation.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the level of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in whole blood among general population from 8 provinces in China, and to analyze the characteristics of distribution among different regions.

METHODSThis cross-sectional study was performed in 8 provinces from eastern, middle and western China between 2009 and 2010, including 13 110 subjects from 24 regions, and the blood and urine samples were collected. The ICP-MS was applied to test the content of ICP-MS in blood samples, and the results were used to analyze the characteristics of contents and distributions of Zn and Cu among population from different ages, genders and regions groups.

RESULTSTotally, the mean (95%CI) contents of Cu and Zn in blood were 795 (791-799)µg/L and 3 996(3 976-4 015) µg/L, respectively. The characteristics of distribution of Cu content were as followed, the content of males were lower than it of females (male:767 µg/L; female: 822 µg/L, t = -13.302, P < 0.01). The contents of blood Cu in groups of people aging 6-12, 13-16, 17-20, 21-30, 31-45 and 46-60 years old were separately 860(853-868), 758(748-769), 734(728-734), 782(774-790), 811(795-827) and 820(815-826) µg/L. The differences showed statistical significance (F = 78.77, P < 0.01). The blood Cu content of people in eastern China (800µg/L) were also significantly higher than it in middle (774 µg/L)and western China (782 µg/L) (F = 10.94, P < 0.01). Distribution of blood Zn content showed characteristics as follows: the Zn content was higher in males than in females (male 4 085 µg/L and female 3 908 µg/L, t = 8.78, P < 0.01). The contents of blood Zn in groups of people aging 6-12, 13-16, 17-20, 21-30, 31-45 and 46-60 years old were separately 3 306 (3 261-3 350), 3 888 (3 839-3 937), 3 948 (3 902-3 994), 4 272(4 228-4 315), 4 231(4 180-4 281) and 4 250 (4 205-4 294)µg/L, which showed significant statistical differences (F = 233.68, P < 0.01). The blood Zn content of people in eastern China (3 938 µg/L) were significantly lower than it in middle (4 237 µg/L)and western China (4 105 µg/L) (F = 53.16, P < 0.01). In addition, the study also compared the relation between content of Cu and Zn and the frequency of eating seafood. The results found that the frequency of eating seafood could influence the content of Cu and Zn (Cu: F = 13.54, P < 0.01; Zn: F = 200.20, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe contents and distributions of Cu and Zn in blood differs among people from different groups in ages, genders and regions. The baseline data of this study provided reliable scientific evidence for further research.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Copper ; blood ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; Zinc ; blood

OBJECTIVETo evaluated the levels of arsenic (As) in blood and urine among general population in China and analyze its influencing factors.

METHODSA total of 18 120 subjects from general population aged 6-60 years were recruited from 24 districts in 8 provinces in eastern, central and western China mainland from 2009 to 2010, by cluster random sampling method. Blood samples and urine samples were collected, the information of the life-style was collected by questionnaire.Inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry was applied to test the As level in the samples, and the distribution of As in blood and urine for different ages, genders, areas and life habits were then analyzed.

RESULTSThe geometric mean (GM) of blood As concentration among general population was 2.33 µg/L;the GM of blood As in male (2.35 µg/L) was higher than and female (2.30 µg/L) (Z = -1.42, P < 0.05); from eastern, central to western China, the blood As level were 2.94, 1.30 and 0.98 µg/L (χ(2) = 643.22, P < 0.05) , respectively; the GM in smokers (2.84 µg/L) was higher than non-smokers (2.27) (Z = -6.28, P < 0.05) ;the seafood consumer had a higher blood As level (2.59 µg/L) than people not consuming seafood (1.47 µg/L) (Z = -23.68, P < 0.05). The urine As level of the whole population was 13.72 µg/L;while its GM in male (14.10 µg/L) was higher than female (13.33 µg/L) (Z = -3.94, P < 0.05); the values from eastern, central to western China were 14.14, 16.02 and 9.57 µg/L (χ(2) = 353.89, P < 0.05), respectively;the level in smokers (16.06 µg/L) was higher than nonsmokers (13.70 µg/L) (Z = -2.63, P < 0.05); the level in seafood consumers (14.82 µg/L) was higher than people not consuming seafood (10.99 µg/L) (Z = -3.20, P < 0.05). The blood As level had a positive correlation with urine As level (correlation coefficient:0.285, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe As level in blood and urine varied by gender and area among general population in China, and related to life-styles. There was a positive correlation between As level in blood and that in urine.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arsenic ; blood ; urine ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sentinel Surveillance ; Young Adult