Objective To analyze the hotspots and frontiers of traditional Chinese medicine treatment for allergic rhinitis(AR)in China,aiming to provide reference for the treatment of AR patients in China.Methods Literatures related to traditional Chinese medicine treatment of AR published by CNKI,Wanfang Data and VIP database from January 2004 to December 2023 were searched,and CiteSpace software was used for visual analysis of the number of literatures,key words,research institutions and authors.Results A total of 1604 literatures were included,and the annual number of literatures generally showed an upward trend.The research frontiers in the last 5 years include medication patterns,immune function,quality of life,data mining,and thumbtack needle.The top five institutions in terms of publications were Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,the First Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The core authors were Yuan Weiling,Yan Daonan,Zhao Jiping,Zhang Qinxiu,and Feng Weiyun.Conclusion The application of traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of AR has always been in a high research heat,and giving full play to the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine can be the development direction of AR research in the future.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of pharmaceutical quality control on the efficiency and outcomes of standardized medication therapy management （MTM） services for patients with coronary heart disease by using Economic， Clinical and Humanistic Outcomes （ECHO） model. METHODS This study collected case data of coronary heart disease patients who received MTM services during January-March 2023 （pre-quality control implementation group， n＝96） and June-August 2023 （post-quality control implementation group， n＝164）. Using propensity score matching analysis， 80 patients were selected from each group. The study subsequently compared the economic， clinical， and humanistic outcome indicators of pharmaceutical services between the two matched groups. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in baseline data between the two groups after matching （P＞0.05）. Compared with pre-quality control implementation group， the daily treatment cost （16.26 yuan vs. 24.40 yuan， P＜0.001）， cost-effectiveness ratio [23.12 yuan/quality-adjusted life year （QALY） vs. 32.32 yuan/QALY， P＜0.001]， and the incidence of general adverse drug reactions （2.50% vs. 10.00%， P＝0.049） of post-quality control implementation group were decreased significantly； the utility value of the EuroQol Five-Dimensional Questionnaire （0.74± 0.06 vs. 0.71±0.07， P＝0.003）， the reduction in the number of medication related problems （1.0 vs. 0.5， P＜0.001）， the medication adherence score （[ 6.32±0.48） points vs. （6.10±0.37） points， P＝0.001]， and the satisfaction score （[ 92.56±1.52） points vs. （91.95±1.56） points， P＝0.013] all showed significant improvements. Neither group experienced serious adverse drug reactions. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of new adverse reactions between the two groups （1.25% vs. 3.75%， P＝0.310）. CONCLUSIONS Pharmaceutical quality control can improve the quality of pharmaceutical care， and the ECHO model can quantitatively evaluate the effect of MTM services， making pharmaceutical care better priced and more adaptable to social needs， thus being worthy of promotion.

Objective: To assess the epidemiological, drug resistance, and their relative risk and prevalence for yielding clinical diseases ofStreptococcus mitisgroup(SMG) bloodstream infections in recent years. Methods : A total of 50 blood culture specimens were collected from patients with SMG bloodstream infection. These SMG isolates were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS). The susceptibility to antibiotics was tested by minimal inhibitory concentrations and Kirby-Bauer(K-B) disk diffusion methods. The data were comprehensively analyzed by statistical software combined with clinical data. Results : Five strains were identified in SMG bloodstream infection by mass spectrometry, namelyStreptococcus oralis/mitis(S.oralis/mitis),Streptococcus pneumonia(S.pneumonia),Streptococcus gordonii(S.gordonii),Streptococcus sanguinis(S.sanguinis), andStreptococcus parasanguinis. These SMG showed high resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin, but low resistance to penicillin, ampicillin and ceftriaxone. Reduced hemoglobin and albumin, elevated C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were the common hematological changes in patients with SMG bloodstream infections. In SMG bacteremia,S.gordonii,S.sanguinisandS.orals/mitiswere the leading group causing infective endocarditis. Patients with myocardial disease factor were more likely to cause infective endocarditis byS.gordoniiandS.sanguinis, compared withS.orals/mitis.S.oralis/mitisbacteremia more occurred in patients with renal transplants progressing to pulmonary infection. Conclusion In this area, β-lactam antibiotics are the best choice for treating SMG. SMG species with closely related phylogenetically show different prevalence and risk of clinical disease in bloodstream infection patients. Early prevention and diagnosis of bacteremia caused by SMG are necessary for clinical diagnosis, treatment and effective control of infectious diseases progression.

Objective To evaluate the selected dosimetric performance of four types of thermoluminescent extremity dosimeters, and to provide a reference for selecting devices for extremity and skin dose monitoring. Methods In accordance with the IEC 62387-2020 standard, photon and β-ray irradiation tests were conducted on four types of thermoluminescent extremity dosimeters (A, B, C, D), which were composed of different dose holders and detector configurations. Linear regression analysis was performed. Technical indicators including nonlinear response, coefficient of variation, and energy response were calculated. Results Dosimeters A, B, C, and D all exhibited excellent linearity with R² > 0.999. The nonlinear response ranges were 0.93-1.03, 0.99-1.06, 0.92-1.04, and 0.95-1.02 for dosimeters A, B, C, and D, respectively. The coefficients of variation were all below the standard limits. The energy response ranges were 0.79-1.27, 0.83-1.24, 0.76-1.21, and 0.15-0.36 for dosimeters A, B, C, and D, respectively. Conclusion Dosimeters A, B, and C meet the technical requirements of IEC 62387-2020 for extremity dosimeters used in photon monitoring in terms of nonlinear response, coefficient of variation, and energy response. They are suitable for extremity and skin dose monitoring in photon-dominated scenarios, such as radiological diagnosis/therapy and industrial radiation. Dosimeter D satisfies the technical requirements in the standard for extremity dosimeters used in β-ray monitoring in terms of nonlinear response and coefficient of variation, but exhibits a defect in β-ray energy dependence. It is recommended to optimize the dosimeter window and detector sensitive layer or introduce an energy compensation algorithm to enhance its adaptability to a broad energy spectrum. This study provides experimental support for the quality control and technical improvement of extremity dose monitoring equipment.

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of minocycline in the treatment of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MRMP) in children of different age groups. Methods:The clinical data of MRMP cases treated with minocycline hydrochloride capsules in the Department of Infectious Diseases of Shanghai Children′s Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from June 2023 to June 2024 were collected through the hospital′s electronic medical record system. This study used a retrospective cohort study. According to the age of onset, they were divided into two groups: children <8 year-old-group and those ≥8 year-old-group. The indicators including the duration of temperature after medication, the recovery time of serum amyloid A (SAA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were compared between the two groups. The adverse reactions during hospitalization and follow-up of six months after discharge were analyed. Non-parametric rank sum test was used for statistical comparison.Results:A total of 274 MRMP cases were included, including 151 in the <8-year-old group and 123 in the ≥8-year-old group. After minocycline hydrochloride capsule treatment, the duration of fever in the ≥8-year-old group was 1.5(1.0, 2.0) d, which was shorter than 2.0(1.0, 2.0) d in the <8-year-old group. The difference was statistically significant ( Z=-2.02, P=0.044). The recovery time for SAA (3.0(2.0, 6.0) d vs 5.0(3.0, 6.0) d) and CRP (3.0(2.0, 5.0) d vs 4.0(3.0, 6.0) d) in the <8-year-old group were both shorter than those in the ≥ 8-year-old group, and the differences were both statistically significant ( Z=-2.62, P=0.009 and Z=-3.10, P=0.002, respectively). During hospitalization, there were two cases of nausea, four cases of vomiting, one case of abdominal pain, with no rash, dizziness and tetracycline teeth in the <8-year-old group, and the incidence of adverse reactions was 4.6%(7/151). In the ≥8-year-old group, there were one case of nausea, one case of vomiting, one case of rash, one case of dizziness, with no abdominal pain and tetracycline teeth, and the incidence of adverse reactions was 3.3%(4/123). There were 253 cases of follow-up, of which 148 cases (58.5%) did not re-examine because of the normal blood routine at the last time during hospitalization, 105 cases (41.5%) re-examined blood routine, and the results were all normal. Twenty-five cases were normal in liver and kidney functions. Some children under six years old who did not change permanent teeth failed to clarify the impact of minocycline on teeth due to the short follow-up time. The total effective rate of minocycline in the two groups was consistent, both was 100.00%. Conclusions:Minocycline has a good clinical efficacy for MRMP. The total effective rate of clinical treatment for MRMP in children <8 years old and ≥8 years is consistent, with fewer adverse reactions and good safety. The impact on the teeth of children under six years old who have not replaced their deciduous teeth with permanent teeth requires further observation.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of AlignRT-guided positioning by comparing two positioning workflows for pelvic tumor radiotherapy,and to further explore the feasibility of using it to replace skin marker alignment.Methods Forty cases of pelvic tumor treated with radiotherapy using Infinity accelerator in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between March 2022 and March 2023 were included in the study,with 20 cases using the skin marker alignment workflow and the other 20 adopting AlignRT-guided positioning workflow.The translational errors(LAT,LNG,VRT)and rotational errors(Yaw,Pitch,Roll)were determined by the registration of pre-treatment cone-beam CT(CBCT)with planned CT.Both CBCT shifts and error offset distributions were analyzed;planning target volume(PTV)margins were calculated;and correlation analyses were conducted among six-dimensional errors,and between body mass index and setup errors.Results The median translational and rotational setup errors of skin marker alignment workflow vs AlignRT-guided positioning workflow were 0.19-0.34 cm vs 0.10-0.15 cm and 0.50°-1.30°vs 0.50°-0.70°,with the maximum offset ranges of 1.20-1.70 cm vs 0.42-0.47 cm and 2.00°-5.50° vs 1.80°-2.00°,respectively.Additionally,for skin marker alignment workflow,inter-fractional errors>0.5 cm and>3° were observed in 23.3%and 9.8%of fractions.The PTV margins of AlignRT-guided positioning workflow were 0.37,0.38 and 0.34 cm in the left-right,superior-inferior and anterior-posterior directions,respectively,which were much smaller than those of skin marker alignment workflow(0.67,1.22 and 0.95 cm).No correlation was found between six-dimensional errors in two positioning workflows.When using AlignRT-guided positioning workflow,the setup errors in LAT,LNG and Pitch directions had low correlations with body mass index.Conclusion In pelvic tumor radiotherapy,AlignRT-guided positioning can reduce translational and rotational errors,achieve precise setup and excellent inter-fractional reproducibility and stability,and replace traditional skin marker alignment while being used in conjunction with CBCT.

Lung cancer is a serious pulmonary tumor,with exacerbation of chronic lung inflammation being a precursor to the development of lung cancer.Relevant animal models are widely used in experimental research,to gain a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of lung cancer and to develop preventive treatment strategies.Induced lung cancer animal models are of particular importance for understanding the transition from chronic lung inflammation to lung cancer.Early intervention is crucial for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer.Here we review the recent literature regarding the inducing factors for lung cancer,including carcinogens(e.g.nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone,benzopyrene,diethylnirtosamine atmospheric fine particulate matter(PM2.5),coal smoke,heavy metal ions,radiation,and biological infections).We also summarize animal models of lung inflammation and cancer transformation induced by these factors,discuss the mechanisms by which relevant carcinogens induce lung cancer,analyze the advantages and limitations of the animal models,and consider future development directions.This review aims is to provide a valuable reference for the future establishment of relevant models.

Lung cancer is a serious pulmonary tumor,with exacerbation of chronic lung inflammation being a precursor to the development of lung cancer.Relevant animal models are widely used in experimental research,to gain a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of lung cancer and to develop preventive treatment strategies.Induced lung cancer animal models are of particular importance for understanding the transition from chronic lung inflammation to lung cancer.Early intervention is crucial for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer.Here we review the recent literature regarding the inducing factors for lung cancer,including carcinogens(e.g.nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone,benzopyrene,diethylnirtosamine atmospheric fine particulate matter(PM2.5),coal smoke,heavy metal ions,radiation,and biological infections).We also summarize animal models of lung inflammation and cancer transformation induced by these factors,discuss the mechanisms by which relevant carcinogens induce lung cancer,analyze the advantages and limitations of the animal models,and consider future development directions.This review aims is to provide a valuable reference for the future establishment of relevant models.

Objective To analyze the hotspots and frontiers of traditional Chinese medicine treatment for allergic rhinitis(AR)in China,aiming to provide reference for the treatment of AR patients in China.Methods Literatures related to traditional Chinese medicine treatment of AR published by CNKI,Wanfang Data and VIP database from January 2004 to December 2023 were searched,and CiteSpace software was used for visual analysis of the number of literatures,key words,research institutions and authors.Results A total of 1604 literatures were included,and the annual number of literatures generally showed an upward trend.The research frontiers in the last 5 years include medication patterns,immune function,quality of life,data mining,and thumbtack needle.The top five institutions in terms of publications were Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,the First Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The core authors were Yuan Weiling,Yan Daonan,Zhao Jiping,Zhang Qinxiu,and Feng Weiyun.Conclusion The application of traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of AR has always been in a high research heat,and giving full play to the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine can be the development direction of AR research in the future.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of AlignRT-guided positioning by comparing two positioning workflows for pelvic tumor radiotherapy,and to further explore the feasibility of using it to replace skin marker alignment.Methods Forty cases of pelvic tumor treated with radiotherapy using Infinity accelerator in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between March 2022 and March 2023 were included in the study,with 20 cases using the skin marker alignment workflow and the other 20 adopting AlignRT-guided positioning workflow.The translational errors(LAT,LNG,VRT)and rotational errors(Yaw,Pitch,Roll)were determined by the registration of pre-treatment cone-beam CT(CBCT)with planned CT.Both CBCT shifts and error offset distributions were analyzed;planning target volume(PTV)margins were calculated;and correlation analyses were conducted among six-dimensional errors,and between body mass index and setup errors.Results The median translational and rotational setup errors of skin marker alignment workflow vs AlignRT-guided positioning workflow were 0.19-0.34 cm vs 0.10-0.15 cm and 0.50°-1.30°vs 0.50°-0.70°,with the maximum offset ranges of 1.20-1.70 cm vs 0.42-0.47 cm and 2.00°-5.50° vs 1.80°-2.00°,respectively.Additionally,for skin marker alignment workflow,inter-fractional errors>0.5 cm and>3° were observed in 23.3%and 9.8%of fractions.The PTV margins of AlignRT-guided positioning workflow were 0.37,0.38 and 0.34 cm in the left-right,superior-inferior and anterior-posterior directions,respectively,which were much smaller than those of skin marker alignment workflow(0.67,1.22 and 0.95 cm).No correlation was found between six-dimensional errors in two positioning workflows.When using AlignRT-guided positioning workflow,the setup errors in LAT,LNG and Pitch directions had low correlations with body mass index.Conclusion In pelvic tumor radiotherapy,AlignRT-guided positioning can reduce translational and rotational errors,achieve precise setup and excellent inter-fractional reproducibility and stability,and replace traditional skin marker alignment while being used in conjunction with CBCT.