ObjectiveTo analyze the distribution characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome elements in different risk populations of heart failure complicated with type 2 diabetes. MethodsClinical data of 675 type 2 diabetes patients were retrospectively collected. Lasso-multivariate Logistic regression was used to construct a clinical prediction nomogram model. Based on this， 441 non-heart failure patients were divided into a low-risk group （325 cases） and a high-risk group （116 cases） according to the median risk score of heart failure complicated with type 2 diabetes. TCM diagnostic information （four diagnostic methods） was collected for both groups， and factor analysis was applied to summarize the distribution of TCM syndrome elements in different risk populations. ResultsLasso-multivariate Logistic regression analysis identified age， disease duration， coronary heart disease， old myocardial infarction， arrhythmia， absolute neutrophil count， activated partial thromboplastin time， and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase as independent risk factors for heart failure complicated with type 2 diabetes. These were used as final predictive factors to construct the nomogram model. Model validation results showed that the area under the curve （AUC） of the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve for the modeling group and validation group were 0.934 and 0.935， respectively. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test （modeling group P = 0.996， validation group P = 0.121） indicated good model discrimination. Decision curve analysis showed that the curves for All and None crossed in the upper right corner， indicating high clinical utility. The low-risk and high-risk groups each obtained 14 common factors. Preliminary analysis revealed that the main disease elements in the low-risk group were qi deficiency （175 cases， 53.85%）， dampness （118 cases， 36.31%）， and heat （118 cases， 36.31%）， with the primary locations in the spleen （125 cases， 38.46%） and lungs （99 cases， 30.46%）. In the high-risk group， the main disease elements were yang deficiency （73 cases， 62.93%）， blood stasis （68 cases， 58.62%）， and heat （49 cases， 42.24%）， with the primary locations in the kidney （84 cases， 72.41%） and heart （70 cases， 60.34%）. ConclusionThe overall disease characteristics in different risk populations of type 2 diabetes patients with heart failure are a combination of deficiency and excess， with deficiency being predominant. Deficiency and heat are present throughout. The low-risk population mainly shows qi deficiency with dampness and heat， related to the spleen and lungs. The high-risk population shows yang deficiency with blood stasis and heat， related to the kidneys and heart.

Objective: To develop a simple digital chylous plasma device and validate its ability to accurately, standardly, and non-destructively determine chylous plasma in blood banks and clinical transfusions in hospitals. Methods: A digital chylous plasma assessment device was designed and manufactured. This device was used to measure the chylous degrees of chylous plasma samples before freezing, after freeze-thawing, before viral inactivation, and after viral inactivation. The measured chylosity index values were categorized according to the requirements specified in Appendix A of the Chinese national standard GB 18469-2001 "Quality Requirements for Whole Blood and Blood Components". This process established a digital standard for chylous plasma, enabling the identification of severe, moderate and mild chylous plasma, and non-chylous plasma. Results: The initial simple product of the digital chylous assessment device was successfully designed and manufactured. There was no significant difference in the degree of chylous plasma between pre-freezing 468.11±217.73 lux and post-thawing 538.91±273.39 lux of chylous plasma (P>0.05), or between pre-viral inactivation 858.33±387.79 lux and post-viral inactivation 928.33±166.51 lux of chylous plasma (P>0.05). The median of chylous degree values for plasma chylous index grades 0 to 6 were 45 lux, 250 lux, 620 lux, 835 lux, 1 130 lux, 1 390 lux, and 1 700 lux, respectively. The defined cutoff values/ranges for the chylous degree values corresponding to plasma chylous index grade 0 to 6 were ≤125 lux, 126-465 lux, 466-740 lux, 741-1 000 lux, 1 001-1 233 lux, 1 234-1 560 lux, and ≥1 561 lux. Conclusion: This study successfully developed the initial product of the digital chylous device and established digital standards for classifying chylous plasma. The device demonstrates the potential to meet the needs for assessment of chylous plasma in both blood banks and clinical transfusions in hospitals, thereby promoting the development and application of standardized, non-destructive chylous plasma assessment technology.

Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has a long history of application in China and has consistently played a vital role in treating diseases and saving lives. TCM prescriptions （compounds） constitute the primary form of clinical TCM treatment and significantly differ from western medicine （chemicals） due to the diverse composition and chemical constituents of TCM （compounds）. Nevertheless， the potential multi-component， multi-target， and multi-pathway action characteristics of TCM prescriptions also demonstrate their possible （complementary） therapeutic advantages when compared with single-component chemical drugs. Therefore， driven by the development of modern science and technology and the demands of the modernization and internationalization of TCM， modern theories regarding the complexity of TCM prescription effects have been continuously proposed： Different from the abstract language of traditional prescription theory， the modern TCM prescription theory is more inclined to illustrate the connotation of prescription compatibility concretely and vividly from an experimental and scientific perspective. In this paper， new theories on the complexity of TCM prescriptions proposed in recent years are summarized to provide research references and ideas for the greater role of TCM prescriptions and a better scientific understanding.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Yinlian Gargle in the treatment of acute radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis after nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy.Methods Thirty-two patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma,who had received first radiation,were randomly split into two groups:the trial group(19 cases)and the control group(13 cases).After all groups were treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy,the control group was given rinse treatment with saline whereas the trial group was given Yinlian Gargle.The incidence of severe acute radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis,the duration and intensity of oropharyngeal discomfort and pain(NRS score),quality of life(QOL-NPC score),duration and intensity of radiation-induced side effects(SE-QOL-NPC score)and symptoms of dry mouth(SE1 score)were monitored before and after intervention in two groups.Results The incidence of grade Ⅲ or above radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis until the sixth week of radiotherapy in the trial group was considerably lower than that in the control group(P＜0.001),while the incidence of grade I or above radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis at 1 month after radiotherapy in the trial group was obviously lower than that in the control group(P＜0.001).The NRS score of pharyngeal discomfort of the trial group was lower than that of the control group starting from the second week of radiotherapy(P＜0.05).The NRS score of oral and oropharyngeal pain was lower than that of the control group starting from the fourth week of radiotherapy(P＜0.05).The SE1 score of the trial group was higher than that of the control group starting from the fifth week of radiotherapy(P＜0.05).After one month of the completion of the radiotherapy,the NRS score of pharyngeal discomfort and the NRS score of oral and oropharyngeal pain in the trial group were lower than those of the control group(P＜0.001).The QOL-NPC score,SE-QOL-NPC score,and SE1 score were all higher than those in the control group(P = 0.05 or P＜0.05).Conclusion Patients with nasopharyngeal cancer can greatly reduce their risk of developing severe acute radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis,effectively delay and relieve related symptoms,and enhance quality of life by consistently using Yinlian Gargle during radiotherapy.Additionally,a month after the completion of radiotherapy,it still has positive therapeutic effects on acute radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of magnesium citrate(MgCit)on oxidative stress in chronic renal failure(CRF).Methods SD rats were divided into CRF model group,MgCit groups(375 and 750 mg/kg),normal control group,and MgCit control group(750 mg/kg).The morphology of mitochondria in thoracic artery vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs)was observed by transmission electron microscopy.The content of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malonaldehyde(MDA)in rat aorta and plasma was detected by the kit.The VSMCs were divided into normal control group,CRF model group,and MgCit groups(1.5 and 3 mmol/L).The levels of superoxide anion(DHE)and apoptosis were quantitatively detected by flow cytometry.Results Compared with the control groups,the mitochondria were swollen and the cristae fractured or disappeared in the model group;MgCit intervention could reduce mitochondrial swelling,but not cristae fracture.In the model group,SOD level in aorta and plasma decreased(P＜0.05)while MDA level increased(P＜0.05).MgCit intervention could increase SOD in aorta and plasma,but decrease MDA level(P＜0.05).In the CRF environment,the DHE content of VSMCs and apoptosis in CRF model group increased(P＜0.05).MgCit intervention could decrease DHE content and inhibit apoptosis(P＜0.05).Conclusion MgCit inhibits oxidative stress levels in vivo and in vitro in CRF.

Objective:To investigate the effect of Jiawei Zhuyu Decoction combined with oxytocin on uterine involvement and residual of placenta in postpartum patients.Methods:A total of 91 patients with postpartum placenta residue admitted to Baoji Central Hospital from January 2023 to January 2024 were selected as the study objects. According to random number table method, the patients were divided into observation group (45 cases) and control group (46 cases). The control group was treated with oxytocin, and the observation group was treated with Jiawei Zhuyu decoction. Treatment effect, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) symptom score, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, SF-36 score, uterine reversion, uterine residual area, levels of beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG), progesterone (P), estradiol (E 2), duration of vaginal bleeding, length of hospital stay and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results:The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group [95.6%(43/45) vs 78.3%(36/46), χ 2=5.943, P=0.015]. After treatment, TCM syndrome scores, VAS scores and SF-36 scores of 2 groups were significantly improved (all P<0.05), and TCM syndrome scores and VAS scores of observation group were lower than those of control group, and SF-36 scores were higher than those of control group (all P<0.05). After treatment, the sum of three diameters of uterus, endometrial thickness and area of uterine residue in both groups decreased (all P<0.05), and the sum of three diameters of uterus, endometrial thickness, rate of uterine decline and area of uterine residue in the observation group were smaller than those in the control group (all P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of β-HCG, P, E 2 in 2 groups were improved compared with before (all P<0.05), and the levels of β-HCG and P in observation group were lower than those in the control group, and E 2 levels were higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The duration of vaginal bleeding and hospitalization in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was lower than that in the control group [6.67%(3/45) vs 21.7%(10/46), χ 2=4.220, P=0.040]. Conclusions:Jiawei Zhuyu Decoction combined with oxytocin has a good effect on postpartum placenta residue, can effectively reduce the intrauterine placenta residue, promote uterine involution, and accelerate the recovery of patients.

Objective To analyze and discuss the medication rule of professor Ruan Yan in the treatment of children with allergic rhinitis by using data mining method,and to provide reference for the clinical research and patented drugs development for the treatment of children with allergic rhinitis.Methods The outpatient medical records of professor Ruan Yan for the treatment of children with allergic rhinitis were collected.Microsoft Excel 2010 software was used for frequency statistics.SPSS Clementine 12.0 software was used for association rule analysis,cluster analysis and factor analysis to obtain the data.The frequency of use of various drugs and the association rules between drugs were obtained.Then the medication rules in professor Ruan Yan's prescription were analyzed.Results A total of 308 Chinese medicine compounds were included,involving 80 kinds of Chinese medicines,among which relieving drugs and qi-invigorating herbs were high-frequently used.The distribution of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types was mainly characterized by lung-qi deficiency-cold syndrome and lung-spleen qi deficiency syndrome.The medicinal properties were mainly spicy,warm and sweet,and most of them belonged to the lung,spleen and stomach meridians.Five core prescriptions were extracted by factor analysis.Four drug combinations were obtained by systematic cluster analysis.Conclusion Ventilating lung and opening the orifices,expelling wind and removing cold,strengthening the spleen and replenishing qi are basic therapeutic principles for professor Ruan Yan in the treatment of children with allergic rhinitis.The treatment mainly focused on dispelling evil,ventilating lung and opening the orifices,expelling wind and removing cold during the acute stage of allergic rhinitis.In the remission period,according to the principle of"treating disease must be based on its origin",the treatment should enhance children's physical fitness,tonify lung and strengthen spleen,thereby reducing recurrence.

Insulin resistance has been regarded as a hallmark of diabetes heart disease (DHD). Numerous studies have shown that insulin resistance can affect blood circulation and myocardium, which indirectly cause cardiac hypertrophy and ventricular remodeling, participating in the pathogenesis of DHD. Meanwhile, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia associated with insulin resistance can directly impair the metabolism and function of the heart. Targeting insulin resistance is a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention of DHD. Currently, the role of insulin resistance in the pathogenic development of DHD is still under active research, as the pathological roles involved are complex and not yet fully understood, and the related therapeutic approaches are not well developed. In this review, we describe insulin resistance and add recent advances in the major pathological and physiological changes and underlying mechanisms by which insulin resistance leads to myocardial remodeling and dysfunction in the diabetic heart, including exosomal dysfunction, ferroptosis, and epigenetic factors. In addition, we discuss potential therapeutic approaches to improve insulin resistance and accelerate the development of cardiovascular protection drugs.

Objective:To study the effects of different carbon dioxide (CO 2) pneumoperitoneum pressures combined general anesthesia with sevoflurane-propofol on cerebral oxygenmetabolism balance and stress response in elderly patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. Methods:A retrospective collection of 100 colon cancer cases from February 2020 to February 2021 in the Jiading Branch of Shanghai First People′s Hospital (Jiangqiao Hospital, Jiading District) and the Shanghai First People′s Hospital were divided into low pressure group and high pressure group according to different CO 2 pneumoperitoneum pressure values, each with 50 cases and 12 mmHg(1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) and 18 mmHg CO 2 pneumoperitoneum pressure values were used to inflate, and the perioperative status, cerebral oxygen metabolism status, and stress response of the two groups were observed. Results:The take food time, first time out of bed in the low pressure group were lower than those in the high pressure group: (45.67 ± 7.34) h vs. (49.67 ± 8.16) h, (34.69 ± 8.26) h vs. (39.87 ± 7.16) h, there were statistical differences( P<0.05). The time of first anal exhaust and hospital stay in the two groups had no significant differences ( P>0.05). Repeated measures analysis of variance results showed that the levels of partial pressure of carbon dioxide in artery, oxyhemoglobin saturation, arterial blood lactate acid, benous blood lactic acid were different followed the time and treatment methods ( P<0.05). The levels of heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cortisol and thyroid stimulating hormone in the low pressure group were higher than those in the high pressure group: (73.68 ± 6.35) beats/min vs. (84.84 ± 6.86) beats/min, (81.67 ± 13.68) mmHg vs. (93.68 ± 14.37) mmHg, (100.24 ± 12.34) μg/L vs. (135.68 ± 13.69) μg/L, (3.12 ± 0.43) mU/L vs. (3.54 ± 0.34) mU/L, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Different CO 2 pneumoperitoneal pressures affect the brain oxygen metabolism of patients, and clinical attention should be paid to them.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of the Modified Tongmai Anshen Formula （通脉安神方加减， MTAF） in the treatment of stable angina pectoris （SAP） with sleep disorders. MethodsA total of 148 patients suffering from SAP with sleep disorder were included and randomly divided into control group and treatment group， with 74 patients in each group. The control group received conventional western medicine， and the treatment group additionally received MTAF （1 dose per day）， both for 4 weeks. The changes in angina pectoris symptoms， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes， sleep quality， quality of life， serological indicators including serum intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 （VCAM-1）， brain-derived nerve growth factor （BDNF） and tyrosine kinase receptor B （TrkB） were compared between groups before and after treatment， and the safety was evaluated. ResultsIn the treatment group and the control group， the total effective rates of TCM syndromes（82.43% vs 52.70%）， angina pectoris （79.73% vs 64.86%） and sleep （89.19% vs 68.92%） showing significant difference （P＜0.001）. After treatment， the total TCM syndrome score， primary symptom score， secondary symptom score， and secondary symptoms sleeplessness， restlessness， tiredness and fatigue individual score， angina pectoris score， PSQI total score and each item score were all significantly reduced in both groups， while the SF-36 single item score significantly increased （P＜0.05）. The total TCM syndromes and primary symptom scores， secon-dary symptoms sleeplessness， restlessness， tiredness and fatigue individual score， angina pectoris score， time to fall asleep， sleep quality， hypnotic medication， sleep disturbance， daytime dysfunction score and PSQI total score were significantly lower in the treatment group than those in the control group after treatment （P＜0.05）， while the somatic pain， general health status， social functioning， emotional functioning， mental health， and health change were significantly higher in the treatment group （P＜0.05）. After treatment， ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 level significantly decreased （P＜0.05）， and BDNF and TrkB levels increased （P＜0.05） in the treatment group， while BDNF level significantly decreased in the control group （P＜0.05）. The TrkB level was significantly higher in the treatment group compared to the control group after treatment （P＜0.05）. A total of four adverse events occurred during the treatment， none of which were considered to be related to this study. ConclusionMTAF can significantly improve angina pectoris symptoms， TCM syndromes， sleep quality and quality of life in patients suffering from SAP with sleep disorders， the mechanism of which may be related to the protection of vascular endothelial function and central neurons.