ObjectiveTo compare the differences between wild Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus（WAOF） and cultivated Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus（CAOF） through a traditional quality evaluation system for medicinal materials. MethodsA total of 10 batches of WAOF and 12 batches of CAOF samples were collected from various regions of Hainan province. Relevant analytical methods from the 2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China were employed to observe the characteristics of WAOF and CAOF， followed by microscopic identification， thin-layer chromatography（TLC） identification， moisture content（toluene method）， total ash， acid-insoluble ash， water-soluble and alcohol-soluble extracts（hot dipping method）， water-soluble protein， total polysaccharides and total flavonoids（ultraviolet spectrophotometry）， and volatile oil content（method A under general rule 2204）. The contents of five active components（protocatechuic acid， chrysin， kaempferol， tectochrysin and nootkatone） were quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography（UPLC）， and the antioxidant activity was evaluated. Building upon traditional quality evaluation of AOF， quantitative measurements were conducted on its appearance traits including diameter， length， plumpness（diameter/length ratio）， and color. Canonical correlation analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 to explore relationships between appearance traits and intrinsic quality. ResultsNo significant differences were observed between WAOF and CAOF in microscopic observation， TLC identification， moisture content， protocatechuic acid content， kaempferol content， odor， or antioxidant activity measured by 2，2ʹ-azino-bis（3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid）（ABTS） method. WAOF exhibited significantly higher levels in water-soluble extracts， alcohol-soluble extracts， total polysaccharide content， water-soluble protein content， 100-grain weight， length， and total color difference（ΔE^*ab） compared to CAOF（P<0.01）. In contrast， CAOF showed significantly higher levels of total ash， acid-insoluble ash， content of total flavonoids， volatile oil content， chrysin content， tectochrysin content， nootkatone content， diameter， plumpness， lightness（L^*）， red-green chromaticity（a^*）， yellow-blue chromaticity（b^*）， and antioxidant activity measured by 1，1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH） method compared to WAOF（P<0.01）. Correlation analysis between 7 phenotypic traits and 8 quality traits revealed that among the phenotypic traits， plumpness， L^*， a^*， and b^* exerted significant influence on intrinsic quality. Among the quality traits， total flavonoids， volatile oils， nootkatone， chrysin， and tectochrysin contributed substantially to intrinsic quality. ConclusionPlumpness， L^*， a^*， and b^* of AOF significantly influence its intrinsic quality， and higher values of these parameters indicate relatively superior intrinsic quality. The comprehensive quality evaluation reveals that CAOF samples collected in this study are superior to their wild counterparts.

Chronic liver diseases are a group of diseases in which the liver is subjected to a variety of injuries over a long period of time， resulting in irreversible pathological changes that last longer than 6 months. Emodin （EMO） is a natural anthraquinone derivative derived from Rheum officinale， and its pharmacological effect has been extensively studied， exhibiting a variety of biological properties and involving multiple signaling molecules and pathways. Western medicine or surgical treatment is currently the main treatment regimen for chronic liver diseases， and the advance in treatment is limited by various reasons such as side effects and high costs. Due to its natural origin and efficacy， EMO has unique advantages in the treatment of chronic liver diseases and has now become a research hotspot. This article summarizes the therapeutic effect of EMO on chronic liver diseases and its mechanism， in order to provide a certain scientific basis for the traditional Chinese medicine treatment of chronic liver diseases and the development of drugs in clinical practice.

The morphological characteristics and pathological progression of vulnerable plaques in atherosclerosis （AS） exhibit a high degree of similarity to the concept of "abscesses and ulcers" in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Therefore， vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques can be analogized as "abscesses and ulcers within the vessels"， for which deficiency， stasis and toxin constitute the core pathogenesis. The pathological evolution progresses through three sequential stages， deficiency leading to pathological substances， with phlegm and stasis accumulating into a mass； the mass transforming into putridity， with internal decay and external thinning； putridity brewing toxin， and toxin accumulation threatening rupture， ultimately resulting in plaque instability. Accordingly， a stage-specific treatment strategy is established. In the early stage， it is suggested to supplement deficiency， resolve the mass， dissipate stasis， and prevent putridity， using Liujunzi Decoction （六君子汤） combined with Danshen Decoction （丹参饮） with modifications. In the middle stage， the treatment should focus on transforming putridity to generate new tissue， and rectifying healthy qi to consolidate the body， with modified Tuoli Xiaodu Powder （托里消毒散）. In the late stage， the treatment principle is clearing and resolving putridity toxin， cooling the blood， and preventing ulcerative rupture， using modified Simiao Yong'an Decoction （四妙勇安汤） combined with Xijiao Dihuang Decoction （犀角地黄汤）.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis （NASH） is a chronic liver disease with the main pathological features of hepatic steatosis， inflammatory cell infiltration， and interstitial fibroplasia， and it is an important risk factor for liver fibrosis， liver cirrhosis， and hepatocellular carcinoma. NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome is the core of innate immunity， and the abnormal activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is closely associated with the development and progression of NASH， which involves multiple links such as inflammatory response and oxidative stress. A large number of studies have shown that the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and TCM compound prescriptions can improve oxidative stress， regulate lipid metabolism， and alleviate liver inflammation by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome. TCM treatment applied in clinical practice has achieved a good therapeutic effect， while inflammasome is one of the key pathways or targets for TCM in improving NASH. This article reviews the mechanism of action of NLRP3 inflammasome in NASH and the research advances in TCM intervention of NLRP3 inflammasome， in order to provide ideas for the clinical TCM treatment of NASH， as well as reference targets and research directions for the research and development of new TCM drugs.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder among women of reproductive age, and its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. According to the Rotterdam diagnostic criteria, PCOS can be classified into four clinical phenotypes, which significantly differ in physical parameters such as waist circumference and body mass index (BMI), as well as in sex hormones, anti-Müllerian hormone levels, metabolic diseases, ultrasound findings, and outcomes of assisted reproductive technology. In recent years, with the deepening of research, new classification systems, such as biology-based phenotyping and BMI/insulin resistance classification, have provided new theoretical perspectives for the clinical classification of PCOS. This article systematically reviews the characteristics of different clinical phenotypes of PCOS, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for its clinical diagnosis, individualized management, and patient health education.

Objective:To compare the current situation of research on workplace violence (WPV) among nurses at home and abroad, providing directions for further research.Methods:Research on WPV among nurses published in PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, China national knowledge infrastructure, Wanfang, and VIP databases from January 1, 2003 to October 14, 2023 were searched and screened, using visualization software CiteSpace and VOSviewer to analyze the distribution and correlation of countries, authors, institutions and keywords of the included studies.Results:A total of 1 082 Chinese articles and 2 770 English articles were included. From 2003 to 2023, the annual publication volume of research on nurse WPV showed a continuous upward trend in both Chinese and English literature. Among domestic institutions, Harbin Medical University published the most articles ( n=25). Among international research institutions, North South University ( n=9) and University of Malaya ( n=9) led in publication output. A total of 67 core authors were identified in Chinese literature and 194 in the English literature. Analysis of high-frequency keywords showed that the research topics could be summarized as research types, occurrence mechanisms, negative effects, high-risk precursors, intervention strategies, negative effects and population differences. Chinese Nursing Research ( n=40) and Journal of Nursing Management ( n=186) published the most Chinese and English articles. Conclusions:The amount of research on workplace violence among nurses has generally increased in recent years. The mechanisms of occurrence, high-risk precursors, and intervention strategies are important research directions. It is still necessary to further deepen the research content in the future.

The repeated administration of morphine frequently gives rise to tolerance,manifested by a reduction in analgesic efficacy and an elevation in adverse effects.These consequences significantly impinge upon its clinical utility.Synaptic functional plasticity governs long-term alterations in synaptic transmission efficiency through calcium signaling pathways,protein kinase cascade reactions,and glia-neuron interactions,thereby facili-tating the development of morphine tolerance.Structural plasticity encompasses the dynamic remodeling of dendritic spine density and morphology,the establishment or elimination of synaptic connections,and the reconstitution of synaptic active zones.Morphine-induced synaptic plasticity within the central nervous system demonstrates region-specific alterations,which jointly drive the process of tolerance.This review comprehensively synthesizes the research advancements regarding the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in morphine tolerance,with the aim of furnishing a theoretical foundation for the development of innovative analgesic medications and the optimization of clinical treatment strategies.

Objective:To analyze the inflammatory indexes and cytokines levels in serum and saliva of patients with chronic periodontitis(CP),and to explore the value of single index or multiple indexes combined detection in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CP.Methods:The serum and saliva speci-mens of 42 CP patients and 38 periodontal healthy people admitted to the Department of Periodontology in Peking University Hospital of Stomatology were detected by inflammatory indexes and cytokines.Accord-ing to clinical periodontal parameters,CP patients were performed by clinical staging,and the correlation between inflammatory indexes and cytokines levels and the severity of CP was analyzed.To evaluate the levels of inflammatory indexes and cytokines in serum and saliva samples in the periodontal health group and CP group.Three inflammatory indexes were involved in this study:C-reactive protein(CRP),serum amyloid A(SAA),procalcitonin(PCT);and 12 cytokines:Interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,IL-12P70,IL-17,interferon(IFN)-α,IFN-γ,and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α).The Spearman correlation statistical method was used to analyze the correlation between the levels of inflammatory indexes and cytokines and the severity of chronic periodontitis.Mann-Whitney U test was used to identify the indicators with differences between the groups,the optimal indicators were identified through binary Logistic regression analysis with stepwise selection,and the area under the curve(AUC)of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency.Results:By testing the levels of inflammatory markers and cytokines in patients with chronic periodontitis with dif-ferent clinical stages,it was found that CRP,SAA,IL-8 in serum and IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-12P70,IL-17,TNF-α in saliva were significantly positively correlated with the severity of chronic periodontitis.Compared with the periodontal healthy group,the serum levels of CRP,SAA,IL-2,IL-5,IL-8,IL-12P70,IL-17 and IFN-α in the CP group were significantly increased(All P＜0.05).The AUC of SAA,IL-2,IL-8,IL-12P70,IL-17,IFN-α,combination 1(IL-2+IL-8)and combination 2(CRP+SAA+IL-12P70)were＞0.7,and the AUC of combination 2(0.998)was the highest,with high sensi-tivity(97.6％)and specificity(97.4％).The levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8 and IL-12P70 in the saliva of the CP group were significantly higher than those in the periodontal healthy group,while the levels of IL-4 in the saliva were significantly lower than those in the periodontal healthy group(All P＜0.05).The AUC of IL-6,IL-8 and combination 3(IL-4+IL-6+IL-8)were＞0.7,and the AUC of combina-tion 3(0.852)was the highest.In the comparative analysis of diagnostic efficacy between single index and multi-index combined,combination 2,combination 1,and serum IL-8 demonstrated the highest AUC values(ranked top 3),with multi-index combinations exhibiting superior discriminative power over single index.Conclusion:Serum levels of IL-8,CRP,SAA,and salivary levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,and other indicators may be helpful for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CP.Serum IL-8 and multiple indicators may be used as an auxiliary diagnostic indice to identify CP.

Objective To explore the predictive value of quantitative parameters of dual-layer detector spectral CT(DLCT)for Ki-67 expression in solid lung adenocarcinoma.Methods The data of 103 patients were retrospectively collected,and the patients were divided into Ki-67 high expression and Ki-67 low expression groups according to Ki-67 proliferation index.The quantitative parame-ters of DLCT were measured and calculated,and the differences in these parameters between the two groups were compared.The parameters with statistically significant differences were assessed for correlation with Ki-67 expression.The efficacy of DLCT param-eters and combined parameters in predicting Ki-67 expression in solid lung adenocarcinoma were evaluated by receiver operating character-istic(ROC)curve and compared by DeLong test.Results Long diameter,short diameter and smoking history were positively corre-lated with the Ki-67 expression in solid lung adenocarcinoma(r>0,P<0.05).Gender and quantitative parameters of DLCT were nega-tively correlated with the Ki-67 expression in solid lung adenocarcinoma(r<0,P<0.05).The combined parameters of convention and spectral CT had the highest prediction efficiency.Conclusion The quantitative parameters of DLCT can be used to evaluate the Ki-67 expres-sion in solid lung adenocarcinoma.

Reactive astrocytes, which exhibit a correlation with the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, are present in a considerable number during the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the underlying factors shaping astrocyte reactivity and neuroinflammation in PD remain inadequately elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7)/FGF receptor 2 (FGFR2) autocrine signaling intensifies astrocyte reactivity and inflammation. Genetic deletion of Arrb2, β-Arrestin2 encoding gene, led to escalated astrocyte reactivity in MPTP-treated mice, which was further substantiated in astrocyte-specific Arrb2 knockdown mice. RNA sequencing profiling of Arrb2 knockout astrocytes identified Fgf7 as a critical effector of astrocyte reactivity. Subsequently, conditional knockdown of Fgf7 and its receptor Fgfr2 in astrocytes elicited advantageous effects for MPTP-treated mice by restraining the inflammatory phenotypic transition of reactive astrocytes. Furthermore, deletion of astrocytic Fgf7 mitigated MPTP-induced pathology in Arrb2 knockout mice. Mechanistically, STAT1 was distinguished as the transcription factor suppressing Fgf7 expression, while β-Arrestin2 counteracted the proteasomal degradation of STAT1 by binding to RNF220, an E3 ubiquitin ligase for STAT1. More importantly, selectively engaging dopamine D2 receptor (Drd2)/β-Arrestin2-biased signaling using the agonist UNC9995 exhibited therapeutic potential in MPTP-treated mice via moderation of astrocytic FGF7 production, thereby restoring balance in astrocyte reactivity. Collectively, our study bridges a crucial knowledge gap by elucidating the novel functions of FGF family members within the central nervous system, particularly within the context of PD. The autocrine signaling of FGF7/FGFR2 represents a novel mechanism and a potential druggable target for modulating astrocyte-derived inflammation.