ObjectiveTo compare the differences between wild Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus（WAOF） and cultivated Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus（CAOF） through a traditional quality evaluation system for medicinal materials. MethodsA total of 10 batches of WAOF and 12 batches of CAOF samples were collected from various regions of Hainan province. Relevant analytical methods from the 2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China were employed to observe the characteristics of WAOF and CAOF， followed by microscopic identification， thin-layer chromatography（TLC） identification， moisture content（toluene method）， total ash， acid-insoluble ash， water-soluble and alcohol-soluble extracts（hot dipping method）， water-soluble protein， total polysaccharides and total flavonoids（ultraviolet spectrophotometry）， and volatile oil content（method A under general rule 2204）. The contents of five active components（protocatechuic acid， chrysin， kaempferol， tectochrysin and nootkatone） were quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography（UPLC）， and the antioxidant activity was evaluated. Building upon traditional quality evaluation of AOF， quantitative measurements were conducted on its appearance traits including diameter， length， plumpness（diameter/length ratio）， and color. Canonical correlation analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 to explore relationships between appearance traits and intrinsic quality. ResultsNo significant differences were observed between WAOF and CAOF in microscopic observation， TLC identification， moisture content， protocatechuic acid content， kaempferol content， odor， or antioxidant activity measured by 2，2ʹ-azino-bis（3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid）（ABTS） method. WAOF exhibited significantly higher levels in water-soluble extracts， alcohol-soluble extracts， total polysaccharide content， water-soluble protein content， 100-grain weight， length， and total color difference（ΔE^*ab） compared to CAOF（P<0.01）. In contrast， CAOF showed significantly higher levels of total ash， acid-insoluble ash， content of total flavonoids， volatile oil content， chrysin content， tectochrysin content， nootkatone content， diameter， plumpness， lightness（L^*）， red-green chromaticity（a^*）， yellow-blue chromaticity（b^*）， and antioxidant activity measured by 1，1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH） method compared to WAOF（P<0.01）. Correlation analysis between 7 phenotypic traits and 8 quality traits revealed that among the phenotypic traits， plumpness， L^*， a^*， and b^* exerted significant influence on intrinsic quality. Among the quality traits， total flavonoids， volatile oils， nootkatone， chrysin， and tectochrysin contributed substantially to intrinsic quality. ConclusionPlumpness， L^*， a^*， and b^* of AOF significantly influence its intrinsic quality， and higher values of these parameters indicate relatively superior intrinsic quality. The comprehensive quality evaluation reveals that CAOF samples collected in this study are superior to their wild counterparts.

Chronic liver diseases are a group of diseases in which the liver is subjected to a variety of injuries over a long period of time， resulting in irreversible pathological changes that last longer than 6 months. Emodin （EMO） is a natural anthraquinone derivative derived from Rheum officinale， and its pharmacological effect has been extensively studied， exhibiting a variety of biological properties and involving multiple signaling molecules and pathways. Western medicine or surgical treatment is currently the main treatment regimen for chronic liver diseases， and the advance in treatment is limited by various reasons such as side effects and high costs. Due to its natural origin and efficacy， EMO has unique advantages in the treatment of chronic liver diseases and has now become a research hotspot. This article summarizes the therapeutic effect of EMO on chronic liver diseases and its mechanism， in order to provide a certain scientific basis for the traditional Chinese medicine treatment of chronic liver diseases and the development of drugs in clinical practice.

Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate among malignant tumors worldwide, posing a severe threat to human health. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) offers unique advantages in treating lung cancer, with disease-syndrome-integrated animal models serving as a critical component of TCM lung cancer research. According to TCM pathogenesis, lung cancer is classified as a pattern of underlying deficiency with superficial excess. Clinically, it is often categorized into syndromes such as qi and yin deficiency, lung-spleen qi deficiency, lung yin deficiency, qi stagnation and blood stasis, and phlegm-heat obstructing the lungs. Treatment should fundamentally adhere to the principle of "strengthening the healthy qi and expelling pathogenic factors". This paper systematically reviews literature from 2005 to 2025 on disease-syndrome-integrated animal models for lung cancer. It summarizes the theoretical basis and establishment methods of four core disease-syndrome-integrated models: qi-yin deficiency pattern, spleen qi deficiency pattern, qi stagnation and blood stasis pattern, and kidney deficiency pattern. Further discussion covers their evaluation systems and limitations. Additionally, modeling approaches for other patterns including yang deficiency, spleen deficiency, and qi deficiency with blood stasis are summarized, with evaluation methods categorized by behavioral characteristics and biochemical indicators. Analysis reveals that current models predominantly use C57BL/6 mice, exhibiting issues such as insufficient clinical relevance, complex modeling procedures, numerous confounding factors, and a low degree of standardization. Future improvements to disease-syndrome-integrated lung cancer animal models could include using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology to establish organoid–patient-derived xenograft models; developing controllable composite stress systems and standardized stimulus models, such as gradient-controlled alternating cold/heat chambers and programmed dietary regulation systems, to reduce nonspecific interference; and developing multidimensional dynamic modeling techniques by integrating clinical big data, including metabolomics and imaging features, to design dynamic intervention protocols, thereby providing more precise and reliable experimental tools for elucidating the mechanisms of TCM in lung cancer prevention and treatment.

The morphological characteristics and pathological progression of vulnerable plaques in atherosclerosis （AS） exhibit a high degree of similarity to the concept of "abscesses and ulcers" in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Therefore， vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques can be analogized as "abscesses and ulcers within the vessels"， for which deficiency， stasis and toxin constitute the core pathogenesis. The pathological evolution progresses through three sequential stages， deficiency leading to pathological substances， with phlegm and stasis accumulating into a mass； the mass transforming into putridity， with internal decay and external thinning； putridity brewing toxin， and toxin accumulation threatening rupture， ultimately resulting in plaque instability. Accordingly， a stage-specific treatment strategy is established. In the early stage， it is suggested to supplement deficiency， resolve the mass， dissipate stasis， and prevent putridity， using Liujunzi Decoction （六君子汤） combined with Danshen Decoction （丹参饮） with modifications. In the middle stage， the treatment should focus on transforming putridity to generate new tissue， and rectifying healthy qi to consolidate the body， with modified Tuoli Xiaodu Powder （托里消毒散）. In the late stage， the treatment principle is clearing and resolving putridity toxin， cooling the blood， and preventing ulcerative rupture， using modified Simiao Yong'an Decoction （四妙勇安汤） combined with Xijiao Dihuang Decoction （犀角地黄汤）.

Abstract The cooccurrence of multi disease among children and adolescents has become increasingly prominent, necessitating a shift from "single disease separate treatment" to "multi disease co prevention". Focusing on four common health problems in children and adolescents, namely, myopia, depression, overweight/obesity, and spinal abnormalities, the paper systematically reviews the association between four categories of factors, society, environment, family, and individual behavior, and the co occurrence of the aforementioned health problems. The findings indicate that particulate matter 2.5 exposure, light at night, physical inactivity, excessive screen time, and unhealthy diet constitute the primary cross dimensional risk network. Based on these findings, the paper proposes a collaborative action framework involving family, school, and society, emphasizing systematic strategies ranging from upstream environmental governance to downstream behavioral intervention, so as to provide evidence for the practice and policy making of multi disease co-prevention in children and adolescents.

To explore the clinical characteristics of primary intracranial germ cell tumors (iGCT) and analyze the risk factors for the occurrence of neuroendocrine dysfunction.Methods:A case series study was conducted. The data of 130 children diagnosed with iGCT who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, from February 2021 to December 2023 was collected. The clinical characteristics of iGCT were summarized, including general information, clinical manifestations, imaging findings, laboratory tests and outcomes. Children were divided into groups aged 0-9 and 10-18 years, and divided into group non-neuroendocrine dysfunction, group partial neuroendocrine dysfunction and group combined hypothalamic and pituitary-target gland axis dysfunction. Multivariate Logistic regression was employed for statistical analysis to identify risk factors for neuroendocrine dysfunction in iGCT children.Results:A total of 130 iGCT children were included, with an age of (10±3) years, 87 males and 43 females. Among them, 82 children (63.1%) had germinoma and 48 children (36.9%) had non-germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCT). One hundred and ten children (84.6%) had single lesions, including 47 cases in the sellar region, 29 cases in the pineal region and 34 cases in the basal ganglia region. Multi-leisions presented in the 20 children (15.4%), with 10 cases in the sellar+pineal region, 6 cases in the sellar+basal ganglia region, 3 cases in the pineal+ganglia region and 1 case in the sellar+pineal+basal ganglia region. Dissemination was presented to 26 children (20.0%). Initial clinical manifestations presented with symptoms of cranial hypertension like headache and vomiting in 75 cases, vision changes in 28 cases, limb movement disorders in 42 cases, diabetes insipidus in 67 cases, precocious puberty in 23 cases, growth retardation in 22 cases and delayed puberty in 2 cases. Among the 72 children aged 0-9 years, 37 cases (51.4%) had germinoma and 35 cases (48.6%) had NGGCT, while among the 58 children aged 10-18 years, 45 cases (77.6%) had germinoma and 13 cases (22.4%) had NGGCT. Non neuroendocrine dysfunction group included 39 children, partial neuroendocrine dysfunction group 54 children, and combined hypothalamic and pituitary-target gland axis dysfunction group 37 children. Univariate analysis showed statistical difference in gender, disease duration, tumor location, and serum human chorionic gonadotropin level among the 3 groups (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that girl ( OR=5.29, 95% CI 1.54-18.16) and long disease duration ( OR=1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.14) were risk factors for neuroendocrine dysfunction in iGCT patients (both P<0.05). Conclusions:iGCT occurs in children of all ages, with a higher incidence in males. The proportions of germinoma and NGGCT are similar in children aged 0-9 years, while germinoma is more common in patients aged 10-18 years. The clinical symptoms are atypical and diverse. Female gender and longer disease duration demonstrate the presence of neuroendocrine dysfunction in iGCT.

This report summarizes the emergency care and nursing interventions for a Parkinson's disease patient with severe hypothermia complicated by ventricular arrhythmia.Key nursing points included continuous core temperature monitoring with goal-directed,phased,progressive rewarming;proactive identification and rapid response to arrhythmias;precise fluid management and skin protection to dynamically optimize blood perfusion and pressure redistribution;vigilant prevention and early intervention of hypothermia-related complications.With multidisciplinary treatment and meticulous nursing care,the patient was successfully discharged after 17 days of hospitalization with a favorable recovery.At the three-month follow-up after discharge,the patient had recovered well with no recurrence of similar episodes.

Objective To explore the trajectory of psychological symptom clusters in pregnant women with assisted reproductive technology(ART),and analyze the influencing factors of each trajectory subgroups,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the management of psychological health during pregnancy in pregnant women with ART.Methods A total of 205 pregnant women who had conceived using ART were sampled from the obstetrics clinic of a tertiary hospital in Nanjing from August 2023 to April 2024 using a convenient sampling method.The baseline data were assessed by general information questionnaire,Symptom Checklist-90,Distress Disclosure Index and Positive Psychological Capital Questionnaire at 10-14 weeks gestation,and the follow-up information was assessed by Symptom Checklist-90 at 22-26 weeks of gestation and 34-38 weeks of gestation.Exploratory factor analysis was used to extract symptom clusters;the latent class growth mixture model was used to identify the track categories;the multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of the track.Results 180 cases were finally included.By exploratory factor analysis,5,4 and 5 factors were extracted at 3 time points respectively.Trajectories of psychological symptom clusters in pregnant women with ART is divided into 3 potential classes:low level-slow relieving group(28.89％),high level-significant increasing group(6.11％),medium level-slow increasing group(65.00％).Logistic regression analyses showed that duration of infertility,number of ART,literacy,pain self-expression and positive psychological capital were influential factors in the potential categories of psychological symptom clusters in pregnant women conceived with ART(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The trajectory of psychological symptom clusters in pregnant women with ART was divided into 3 potential classes.Medical workers could develop corresponding interventions based on the influencing factors and implement comprehensive and efficient symptom management.

Objective:Conduct an in-depth investigation into the current status and development needs of infectious disease clinical testing at medical institutions at all levels across the country.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was carried out from January 5, 2023, to June 1, 2023, using a web-based questionnaire distributed to healthcare organizations at all levels nationwide. A total of 3 462 questionnaires were collected, and after quality control and a no-return random sampling process, 2 778 questionnaires were included in the analysis. The research covered basic information about medical institutions, the current emergency response capacity of infectious disease laboratories, the status of the implementation of statutory infectious diseases, the demand for infectious disease testing programs, and the reasons for any lack of implementation. Additionally, the study further analyzed the participation rates of medical institutions at all levels, laboratory accreditation, the presence of infectious disease testing departments, and the testing rates for major infectious diseases.Results:Among the 2 778 questionnaires, the proportions of tertiary, secondary, and primary hospitals were 39.13% (1 087/2 778), 53.20% (1 478/2 778) and 4.46% (124/2 778), respectively. The proportion of specialized infectious disease medical institutions was 8.89% (247/2 778). The proportion of medical institutions with laboratory accreditation was 12.92% (359/2 778). The proportion of clinical laboratory performing infectious disease testing was 98.56% (2 738/2 778). Among the infectious disease pathogens included in the analysis, the implementation rates of testing related to hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, 2019-nCoV, human immunodeficiency virus, and syphilis spirochete were 97.62% (2 712/2 778), 94.85% (2 635/2 778), 93.27% (2 591/2 778), 96.33% (2 676/2 778) and 96.22% (2 673/2 778), respectively. In the research on the demand for clinical infectious disease pathogen testing, the demand for testing of Brucella spp. bacteria and Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 25.50% (90/353) and 8.22% (29/353), respectively. The main factors that did not meet the demand for clinical infectious disease testing were the lack of space in the laboratory to carry out the tests, insufficient manpower, and the absence of a fee schedule, accounting for 44.10% (1 225/2 778), 42.55% (1 182/2 778) and 36.00% (1 000/2 778), respectively.Conclusions:Clinical testing for infectious diseases in our country is mainly carried out in the laboratories of tertiary and secondary medical institutions, which can adequately meet the laboratory testing needs for common infectious diseases. However, there are situations such as limited infectious disease testing projects and insufficient spatial, human, and material resources. Improvements in laboratory construction and methodology can be made according to the actual conditions of each region.

Disease X refers to a potential pandemic infectious disease caused by an unknown pathogen. The management of such diseases presents a multitude of challenges to clinical laboratory. Experts in relevant fields shared the latest development of clinical laboratory technology and its application in clinical practice in this issue, providing robust support and assurance for the effective response to Disease X.