Objective To investigate the temporal changes in pathological damage and macrophage polarization in liver and spleen tissues of mice infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis, and to preliminarily unravel the peripheral immune responses during the early stage of A. cantonensis infection. Methods Forty female BALB/c mice at ages of 6 to 8 weeks were randomly divided into four groups, including the control group and 7-, 14-, and 21-day infection groups, with 10 mice in each group. Each mouse in the infection groups was inoculated with 30 third-stage (L3) larvae of A. cantonensis by oral gavage, and five mice were randomly selected from each infection group on days 7, 14, and 21 post-infection, while mice in the control group were given the same volume of physiological saline and five mice were randomly selected from the control group on the day of oral gavage. Mouse liver and spleen tissues were sampled. The histopathological changes of mouse liver and spleen tissues were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and the percentage of positive staining area and the co-localization positive rates of the macrophage surface antigens F4/80, CD86, and CD206 were quantified in mouse liver and spleen tissues using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. In addition, five mice were collected from each infection group on days 7, 14, and 21 post-infection, and five mice were collected from the control group on the day of oral gavage. Mouse liver and spleen tissues were sampled for detection of macrophage markers CD86 and CD206 and macrophage phenotyping using flow cytometry, and the expression of M1 macrophage markers, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (Nos2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and M2 markers, including arginase 1 (Arg1), mannose receptor C-type 1 (Mrc1) and chitinase-like protein 3 (Chil3) was quantified in mouse liver and spleen tissues using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay. Results Proliferative lesions of the hepatocyte were observed in mouse liver tissues and the follicular structures of the mouse spleen white pulp were disrupted 21 days post-infection with A. cantonensis. Immunohistochemical staining showed that there were significant differences in the percentages of F4/80, CD86 and CD206 positive staining areas in the liver and spleen tissues among the four groups of mice (F = 242.40, 197.14, 183.19, 157.65, 242.35 and 146.24; all P values < 0.001), and the percentages of positive staining in the liver and spleen tissues of mice in the 14-day infection group [(4.45 ± 0.51)%, (3.74 ± 0.67)%, (8.32 ± 0.72)%, (16.56 ± 1.14)%, (11.62 ± 0.52)%, and (8.29 ± 0.72)%, respectively] and the 21-day infection group [(3.70 ± 0.11)%, (3.22 ± 0.43)%, (11.53 ± 1.03)%, (12.59 ± 1.05)%, (9.02 ± 0.83)%, and (11.67 ± 1.10)%, respectively] were higher than in the control group [(0.35 ± 0.16)%, (0.40 ± 0.02)%, (0.93 ± 0.05)%, (2.78 ± 0.26)%, (2.33 ± 0.20)%, and (1.85 ± 0.20)%, respectively] (all P values < 0.05). Immunofluorescence staining showed significant differences in the positive rates of F4/80 co-localization with CD86 and CD206 in mouse liver and spleen tissues among the four groups (F = 24.42, 25.28, 54.51 and 130.55; all P values < 0.001). Flow cytometry detected significant differences in the proportions of CD86⁺ and CD206⁺ macrophages in mouse liver and spleen tissues among the four groups (F = 67.98, 18.41, 29.77, 172.80; all P values < 0.001), and the proportions of CD206⁺ macrophages in the liver and spleen of the 21-day infection group were significantly higher than those in the control group [(9.25 ± 2.55)% vs (3.83 ± 0.72)%, and (4.22 ± 0.56)% vs (0.47 ± 0.18)%, respectively] (both P values < 0.05). In addition, RT-qPCR assay quantified significant differences in the relative mRNA expression of M1 macrophage markers (IL-1β, TNF-α and Nos2) and M2 macrophage markers (Arg1, Chil3 and Mrc1) in mouse liver and spleen tissues among the four groups (F = 41.30, 31.82, 199.33, 19.96, 62.01, 119.76, 23.67, 95.90, 72.27, 82.59, 123.41 and 29.75; all P values < 0.05). Conclusions A. cantonensis infection may cause progressive pathological damage in mouse liver and spleen tissues, accompanied by dynamic temporal changes in macrophage polarization. M1 macrophage polarization predominates at the early stage of A. cantonensis infection and shifts towards M2 polarization at the later stages, suggesting that M2 polarization may participate in immune regulation at late stages of A. cantonensis infection by suppressing excessive inflammatory responses and promoting tissue repair.

Height， as one of the crucial indicators for assessing children’s growth and development， has consistently been a global focus. With economic development and improvements in social living standards， the clinical management needs for children with short stature have been increasingly growing. While growth hormone brings hope to children with short stature， it also triggers ethical challenges such as medical standardization， expansion of indications， equitable accessibility， and informed consent. To avoid the ethical issues related to the use of pediatric growth hormone， multidimensional and comprehensive clinical management should be implemented for children with short stature， including strictly adhering to medical standards and ethical guidelines， enhancing public awareness， and promoting the standardized development of recombinant human growth hormone （rhGH） therapy and ethics.

[Objective]To discuss the clinical efficacy of moxibustion at the back-Shu points in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting,based on the theory of"regulating Shu points to regulate the pivot".[Methods]A total of 94 patients who received chemotherapy at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from September 2021 to December 2023 were selected.The patients were divided into experimental group and control group using a random number table,with 47 patients in each.The control group received conventional treatment and care,while the experimental group received additional moxibustion treatment at the back-Shu points(specific acupoints)along with the conventional treatment and care.The incidence of nausea and vomiting in both groups from the 1st to the fifth day,seventh day,and the 14th day after chemotherapy were compared,as well as the incidence of adverse reactions to chemotherapy-related drugs including constipation,headache,fatigue and drowsiness.[Results]Statistical analysis shows,the incidence of nausea in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group on the first day after chemotherapy,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).However,on the third day to the fifth day and the seventh day after chemotherapy,incidence of nausea in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Similarly,on the second day to the fifth and the seventh day after chemotherapy,the incidence of vomiting in the experimental group was also lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Additionally,the incidence of adverse reactions caused by chemotherapy such as constipation,headache,fatigue and somnolence in the experimental group was 23.4%,4.3%,34.0%,and 10.6%,respectively,all of which were significantly lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).[Conclusion]Moxibustion at the back-Shu points can be used as effective adjunctive therapy to reduce the incidence of nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy,while also alleviate other common side effects caused by chemotherapy.

[Objective]To discuss the clinical efficacy of moxibustion at the back-Shu points in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting,based on the theory of"regulating Shu points to regulate the pivot".[Methods]A total of 94 patients who received chemotherapy at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from September 2021 to December 2023 were selected.The patients were divided into experimental group and control group using a random number table,with 47 patients in each.The control group received conventional treatment and care,while the experimental group received additional moxibustion treatment at the back-Shu points(specific acupoints)along with the conventional treatment and care.The incidence of nausea and vomiting in both groups from the 1st to the fifth day,seventh day,and the 14th day after chemotherapy were compared,as well as the incidence of adverse reactions to chemotherapy-related drugs including constipation,headache,fatigue and drowsiness.[Results]Statistical analysis shows,the incidence of nausea in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group on the first day after chemotherapy,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).However,on the third day to the fifth day and the seventh day after chemotherapy,incidence of nausea in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Similarly,on the second day to the fifth and the seventh day after chemotherapy,the incidence of vomiting in the experimental group was also lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Additionally,the incidence of adverse reactions caused by chemotherapy such as constipation,headache,fatigue and somnolence in the experimental group was 23.4%,4.3%,34.0%,and 10.6%,respectively,all of which were significantly lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).[Conclusion]Moxibustion at the back-Shu points can be used as effective adjunctive therapy to reduce the incidence of nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy,while also alleviate other common side effects caused by chemotherapy.

The long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine injection regimen（CAB+RPV regimen）is the first approved long-acting antiretroviral therapy（ART）for HIV in China，administered once every two months. This regimen provides an innovative alternative to daily oral ART，benefiting virologically suppressed patients. Several large clinical-studies have shown that the CAB+RPV regimen achieves comparable virologic suppression and safety to daily oral regimens，while significantly enhancing patient satisfaction. Based on international and domestic HIV/AIDs guidelines and clinical evidence，this consensus offers expert recommendations on patient selection，clinical management，and key communication strategies for healthcare providers to support the effective use of this regimen，aiming to improve quality of life for people living with HIV and accumulate domestic clinical experience with this advanced treatment approach.

The long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine injection regimen（CAB+RPV regimen）is the first approved long-acting antiretroviral therapy（ART）for HIV in China，administered once every two months. This regimen provides an innovative alternative to daily oral ART，benefiting virologically suppressed patients. Several large clinical-studies have shown that the CAB+RPV regimen achieves comparable virologic suppression and safety to daily oral regimens，while significantly enhancing patient satisfaction. Based on international and domestic HIV/AIDs guidelines and clinical evidence，this consensus offers expert recommendations on patient selection，clinical management，and key communication strategies for healthcare providers to support the effective use of this regimen，aiming to improve quality of life for people living with HIV and accumulate domestic clinical experience with this advanced treatment approach.

Objective:To explore the effect of family empowerment model based on cloud follow-up in schizophrenia patients and their main caregivers.Methods:From January 2020 to June 2021, 160 schizophrenics and their 160 main caregivers who were admitted to Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital were selected as the study subject by convenience sampling. According to the method of random number table, the subjects were divided into control group and observation group, with 80 patients and 80 main caregivers in each group. The patients in the control group were given routine nursing, while the patients in the observation group received family empowerment nursing model based on cloud follow-up on the basis of the control group. Both groups of patients were intervened continuously for six months after enrollment. Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8) , Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP) , Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version (FES-CV) , Self-Perceived Burden Scale (SPBS) , Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to evaluate the drug compliance, personal social function, family function of the two groups of patients, disease burden and negative emotions of main caregivers.Results:After six months of intervention, the medication compliance of observation group was better than control group, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The PSP score of patients in the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the FEC-CV scores in all dimensions of the observation group were better than that of the control group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05) . After intervention, the disease burden, SAS and SDS scores of the main caregivers in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The family empowerment model based on cloud follow-up can improve the treatment compliance, personal social function and family environment of schizophrenics, and relieve the disease burden and negative emotions of the main caregivers, which is worthy of clinical practice.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in infants in Lishui, and summarize the related factors of CMV infection, evaluate its influence on the growth and development of infants, and provide evidence for the prevention and control of CMV infection.Methods:In this study, 2 254 cases of infants admitted in pediatric ward in Lishui Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Qingtian County People′s Hospital, Suichang County People′s Hospital, Qingyuan County People′s Hospital from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017 with integral clinical data were selected. All the babies were followed up from the time when they were born to 1 year old. The serum CMV antibody and the urine CMV-DNA were screened, the general situation and clinical features of CMV infection were summarized, and the relevant factors of infants CMV infection were analyzed and screened by the single factor and multiple factors analysis. They were followed up to 1 year old to clarify the influence of CMV infection on the growth and development of infants.Results:From 2015 to 2017, the total positive infection rate of CMV-IgM in infants under 1 year old in Lishui was 10.43%(235/2 254), and CMV-IgM positive infection decreased year by year. The positive rate of CMV-IgG did not change significantly with time. The positive rate of CMV-IgM was the highest at 1—3 months, and up to 15.29% (61/399). The positive rate of CMV-IgM decreased with the age of the babies. The positive rate of CMV-IgG increased with the age of the babies. The positive rate of CMV-IgM in infants showed no significant difference in gender ( P>0.05). The positive rate of CMV-IgM was higher in men than that in women [65.43% (810/1 238) vs. 55.51% (564/1 016)], and there was significant difference ( P<0.05). The gestational age of the infected group was lower than that of the non-infected group [(37.41 ± 1.63) weeks vs. (38.97 ± 0.97) weeks], and the breast-feeding rate of the infected group was higher than that of the non-infected group [57.87%(136/235) vs. 40.00%(40/100)], and there were significant differences ( P<0.05). Thrombocytopenia, the increase of transaminase, necrotizing enterocolitis of newborn, and hepatosplenomegaly of infected group is higher that of the non-infected group [18.72%(44/235) vs. 1.00% (1/100), 29.36% (69/235) vs. 13.00% (13/100), 26.81% (63/235) vs. 10.00% (10/100), 9.79% (23/235) vs. 0], and there were significant differences ( P<0.05). Gestational age and breast-feeding were possible risk factors for CMV infection in infants under 1 year old ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in height, weight, head circumference and intelligence score between the infected group and the non-infected group at the age of 1 year ( P>0.05). The total abnormal rate of hearing development and the abnormal detection rate of B-ultrasound in the infected group were higher than those in the non-infected group [13.62%(64/470) vs. 1.00%(2/200), 6.38%(15/235) vs. 0], and there were significant differences ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The CMV active infection rate of infants under 1 year old in Lishui is relatively high and decreases year by year. It decreases with the prolongation of birth time, and there is no gender difference. Gestational age and breast-feeding are the risk factors for active CMV infection in infants. CMV infection affects the hearing development and the brain development of infants under 1 year old, which is the main cause of hepatitis. It is necessary to pay attention to the prevention of CMV infection, strengthen maternal perinatal health care, and strengthen the screening of CMV infection in high-risk groups.

The over-activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is closely related to the occurrence and development of malignant tumors. The abnormal expression of this pathway is involved in the regulation of cell growth, malignant transformation, apoptosis and metastasis. The targeted therapy for specific sites of PI3K signaling pathway is a new research hotspot. A variety of different types of PI3K inhibitors have been marketed or entered clinical trials and have shown considerable efficacy in the treatment of malignant lymphomas. In this view, the recent advances in activation patterns of PI3K signaling pathway in lymphoma and PI3K inhibitors are summarized.

Objective: To investigate the role of clinical pharmacist in the treatment of patients with severe infections in urology department.Methods: An objective analysis of the important roles of clinical pharmacists was carried out by making and adjusting the anti-infective treatment plan of two patients in urology department.Results: During the participation in the treatment of two patients with severe infections in urology department, clinical pharmacists played important roles in the treatment of the diseases through observing the clinical symptoms,analyzing the conditions of the patients and giving the pharmaceutical opinions and suggestions, and finally the infections were controlled successfully.Conclusion: Clinical pharmacists should participate in the therapy strategy adjustment in urology department using their professional knowledge to play important roles in the management of anti-infection strategy for severe patients.