Objective To investigate the temporal changes in pathological damage and macrophage polarization in liver and spleen tissues of mice infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis, and to preliminarily unravel the peripheral immune responses during the early stage of A. cantonensis infection. Methods Forty female BALB/c mice at ages of 6 to 8 weeks were randomly divided into four groups, including the control group and 7-, 14-, and 21-day infection groups, with 10 mice in each group. Each mouse in the infection groups was inoculated with 30 third-stage (L3) larvae of A. cantonensis by oral gavage, and five mice were randomly selected from each infection group on days 7, 14, and 21 post-infection, while mice in the control group were given the same volume of physiological saline and five mice were randomly selected from the control group on the day of oral gavage. Mouse liver and spleen tissues were sampled. The histopathological changes of mouse liver and spleen tissues were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and the percentage of positive staining area and the co-localization positive rates of the macrophage surface antigens F4/80, CD86, and CD206 were quantified in mouse liver and spleen tissues using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. In addition, five mice were collected from each infection group on days 7, 14, and 21 post-infection, and five mice were collected from the control group on the day of oral gavage. Mouse liver and spleen tissues were sampled for detection of macrophage markers CD86 and CD206 and macrophage phenotyping using flow cytometry, and the expression of M1 macrophage markers, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (Nos2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and M2 markers, including arginase 1 (Arg1), mannose receptor C-type 1 (Mrc1) and chitinase-like protein 3 (Chil3) was quantified in mouse liver and spleen tissues using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay. Results Proliferative lesions of the hepatocyte were observed in mouse liver tissues and the follicular structures of the mouse spleen white pulp were disrupted 21 days post-infection with A. cantonensis. Immunohistochemical staining showed that there were significant differences in the percentages of F4/80, CD86 and CD206 positive staining areas in the liver and spleen tissues among the four groups of mice (F = 242.40, 197.14, 183.19, 157.65, 242.35 and 146.24; all P values < 0.001), and the percentages of positive staining in the liver and spleen tissues of mice in the 14-day infection group [(4.45 ± 0.51)%, (3.74 ± 0.67)%, (8.32 ± 0.72)%, (16.56 ± 1.14)%, (11.62 ± 0.52)%, and (8.29 ± 0.72)%, respectively] and the 21-day infection group [(3.70 ± 0.11)%, (3.22 ± 0.43)%, (11.53 ± 1.03)%, (12.59 ± 1.05)%, (9.02 ± 0.83)%, and (11.67 ± 1.10)%, respectively] were higher than in the control group [(0.35 ± 0.16)%, (0.40 ± 0.02)%, (0.93 ± 0.05)%, (2.78 ± 0.26)%, (2.33 ± 0.20)%, and (1.85 ± 0.20)%, respectively] (all P values < 0.05). Immunofluorescence staining showed significant differences in the positive rates of F4/80 co-localization with CD86 and CD206 in mouse liver and spleen tissues among the four groups (F = 24.42, 25.28, 54.51 and 130.55; all P values < 0.001). Flow cytometry detected significant differences in the proportions of CD86⁺ and CD206⁺ macrophages in mouse liver and spleen tissues among the four groups (F = 67.98, 18.41, 29.77, 172.80; all P values < 0.001), and the proportions of CD206⁺ macrophages in the liver and spleen of the 21-day infection group were significantly higher than those in the control group [(9.25 ± 2.55)% vs (3.83 ± 0.72)%, and (4.22 ± 0.56)% vs (0.47 ± 0.18)%, respectively] (both P values < 0.05). In addition, RT-qPCR assay quantified significant differences in the relative mRNA expression of M1 macrophage markers (IL-1β, TNF-α and Nos2) and M2 macrophage markers (Arg1, Chil3 and Mrc1) in mouse liver and spleen tissues among the four groups (F = 41.30, 31.82, 199.33, 19.96, 62.01, 119.76, 23.67, 95.90, 72.27, 82.59, 123.41 and 29.75; all P values < 0.05). Conclusions A. cantonensis infection may cause progressive pathological damage in mouse liver and spleen tissues, accompanied by dynamic temporal changes in macrophage polarization. M1 macrophage polarization predominates at the early stage of A. cantonensis infection and shifts towards M2 polarization at the later stages, suggesting that M2 polarization may participate in immune regulation at late stages of A. cantonensis infection by suppressing excessive inflammatory responses and promoting tissue repair.

Height， as one of the crucial indicators for assessing children’s growth and development， has consistently been a global focus. With economic development and improvements in social living standards， the clinical management needs for children with short stature have been increasingly growing. While growth hormone brings hope to children with short stature， it also triggers ethical challenges such as medical standardization， expansion of indications， equitable accessibility， and informed consent. To avoid the ethical issues related to the use of pediatric growth hormone， multidimensional and comprehensive clinical management should be implemented for children with short stature， including strictly adhering to medical standards and ethical guidelines， enhancing public awareness， and promoting the standardized development of recombinant human growth hormone （rhGH） therapy and ethics.

Objective To investigate the effect of irisin regulating early B cytokine 3(EBF3)/arachidonic acid-15-lipoxygenase(ALOX15)pathway on the proliferation and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells.Methods A549 cells were assigned into the irisin solvent group,the irisin group,the sh-NC group,the EBF3 inhibitor(sh-EBF3)group,the irisin+sh-NC group and the irisin+sh-EBF3 group randomly.5-bromo-2-deoxyuracil(EdU)staining and CCK-8 method were applied to detect cell proliferation.5-Scratch experiment was applied to detect the scratch healing rate.2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)staining was applied to detect the level of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in cells.The reagent kit was used to detect glutathione(GSH),malondialdehyde(MDA)and ferrous ion(Fe2+)in cells.Transmission electron microscopy was applied to observe mitochondrial morphology in A549 cells.QRT-PCR was applied to detect mRNA levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2)and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)in A549 cells.Western blot assay was applied to detect EBF3 and ALOX15 proteins in cells.Results Compared with the irisin solvent group,the mitochondria of A549 cells in the irisin group showed ferroptosis characteristics,the positive rate of EdU,OD450 value,scratch healing rate,GSH level,PCNA,MMP-2 and GPX4 mRNA levels decreased,and the ROS relative fluorescence intensity,MDA,Fe2+level,and EBF3 and ALOX15 protein levels increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the sh-NC group,the mitochondrial ferroptosis phenomenon of A549 cells was reduced in the sh-EBF3 group,the positive rate of EdU,OD450 value,scratch healing rate,GSH level,PCNA,MMP-2 and GPX4 mRNA levels increased,and the ROS relative fluorescence intensity,MDA,Fe2+levels and EBF3 and ALOX15 protein levels reduced(P＜0.05).Sh-EBF3 reversed the effect of irisin on ferroptosis,proliferation and migration of A549 cells.Conclusion Irisin may induce ferroptosis in A549 cells and inhibit cell proliferation and migration by activating the EBF3/ALOX15 pathway.

Objective:To explore latent categories and influencing factors of disease uncertainty in atrial fibrillation patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation (RFA) .Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select 346 atrial fibrillation patients who underwent RFA from February 2022 to July 2024 at China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University. Patients were surveyed using the General Information Questionnaire, Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale-Adult Form (MUIS-A), Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, Chinese version of the Sense of Coherence-13, and Family APGAR Index. Latent categories and influencing factors of disease uncertainty in atrial fibrillation patients with RFA were explored using latent profile analysis and Logistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 346 questionnaires were distributed and 328 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a valid recovery rate of 94.80% (328/346). The total MUIS-A score for 328 patients with atrial fibrillation was (97.06±9.41). Three latent categories of disease uncertainty existed in 328 atrial fibrillation patients with RFA, namely high-level disease uncertainty group ( n=138), intermediate-level disease uncertainty group ( n=120), and low-level disease uncertainty group ( n=70). Age, education level, number of RFA, type of atrial fibrillation, perception of disease, sense of coherence, and family care were the factors influencing the disease uncertainty in patients with atrial fibrillation ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Disease uncertainty after RFA in patients with atrial fibrillation is above the intermediate level. Nursing staff should provide precise interventions for patients with different latent categories of disease uncertainty in conjunction with its influencing factors.

Objective:To explore the developmental trajectories of care dependency in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and to identify its influencing factors.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to recruit patients who underwent PCI at China-Japan Friendship Hospital of Jilin University from August 2023 to July 2024. The Chinese version of the Care Dependency Scale was administered at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively. A latent growth mixture model was employed to identify trajectories of care dependency. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the influencing factors.Results:A total of 397 questionnaires were distributed, and 389 valid questionnaires were returned, with a response rate of 97.98% (389/397). Three distinct trajectories of care dependency were identified among the 389 patients: stable low dependency, recovering high dependency, and persistent high dependency. Age, cardiac function classification, number of comorbidities, frailty, self-efficacy, and utilization of chronic disease resources were significantly associated with different trajectory classes ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Care dependency after PCI exhibits heterogeneity in its developmental trajectories. Patients in the persistent high-dependency group represent a high-risk subgroup requiring special attention. Nursing staff should enhance their ability to recognize trajectory patterns and implement precise interventions based on trajectory type and influencing factors.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of multiple bronchoscopic lavage in children with lobar pneumonia and evaluate its predictive value.Methods:The clinical data of 184 children with lobar pneumonia who underwent bronchoscopic lavage in the Hubei Medical College Affiliated People′s Hospital from September 2018 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the number of lavage, they were divided into the single lavage group (108 cases) and the multiple (≥ 2 times) lavage group (76 cases). The two groups was matched in a 1∶1 ratio by using propensity score matching (PSM), and the influencing factors for multiple lavage after matching was analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. The predictive effect of risk factors on multiple lavage was analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:After PSM matching, a total of 68 pairs of children were successfully matched. According to multivariate Logistic regression analysis, the duration of preoperative fever ≥7 d, pleural effusion, procalcitonin (PCT) ≥2.0 μg/L, white blood cell (WBC) ≥12.0 × 10 9/L, C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥10.0 mg/L, neutrophil ratio (N%) ≥70%, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ≥300 U/L, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) ≥35.0 mm/1 h, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)>40 U/L, serum albumin (ALB)<35 g/L and mucus thrombus were risk factors for multiple bronchoscopic lavage in children with lobar pneumonia ( OR = 3.031, 2.230, 2.125, 3.050, 2.735, 3.043, 3.025, 3.360, 2.962, 2.989, 3.108, P<0.05). According to ROC curve analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of the combination of 11 influencing factors in predicting multiple bronchoscopic lavage in children with lobar pneumonia were 72.10% and 63.20% respectively, and the area under the curve was 0.733. Conclusions:The duration of preoperative fever, pleural effusion, PCT, WBC, CRP, N%, LDH, ESR, ALT, ALB and mucus thrombus are all influencing factors for multiple bronchoscopic lavage in children with lobar pneumonia, and comprehensive evaluation of the above influencing factors has predictive effect on multiple bronchoscopic lavage in children.

Objective:To explore the effects of multidisciplinary continuous nursing based on the transtheoretical model (TTM) in patients after radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation.Methods:Using a convenience sampling method, 280 patients who underwent radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation at the China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University from January to December 2024 were enrolled. Patients treated from January to June 2024 were assigned to the control group ( n=140), and those treated from July to December 2024 were assigned to the intervention group ( n=140). The control group received routine continuous nursing, while the intervention group received multidisciplinary continuous nursing guided by the transtheoretical model. The 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), Self-Rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale (SRAHP), Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the Chinese Quality of Life Questionnaire for Cardiovascular Patients (CQQC) were used to evaluate the intervention effects. Results:A total of 135 patients in the control group and 137 patients in the intervention group completed the study. After the intervention, the MMAS-8, CQQC, and SRAHP scores of the intervention group were higher than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). The anxiety and stress subscale scores of the DASS-21 were lower in the intervention group compared with the control group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Multidisciplinary continuous nursing based on the transtheoretical model can improve medication adherence, reduce negative psychological states, promote healthy behavior formation, and enhance the quality of life of patients after radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation.

Objective:To explore the effects of multidisciplinary continuous nursing based on the transtheoretical model (TTM) in patients after radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation.Methods:Using a convenience sampling method, 280 patients who underwent radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation at the China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University from January to December 2024 were enrolled. Patients treated from January to June 2024 were assigned to the control group ( n=140), and those treated from July to December 2024 were assigned to the intervention group ( n=140). The control group received routine continuous nursing, while the intervention group received multidisciplinary continuous nursing guided by the transtheoretical model. The 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), Self-Rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale (SRAHP), Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the Chinese Quality of Life Questionnaire for Cardiovascular Patients (CQQC) were used to evaluate the intervention effects. Results:A total of 135 patients in the control group and 137 patients in the intervention group completed the study. After the intervention, the MMAS-8, CQQC, and SRAHP scores of the intervention group were higher than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). The anxiety and stress subscale scores of the DASS-21 were lower in the intervention group compared with the control group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Multidisciplinary continuous nursing based on the transtheoretical model can improve medication adherence, reduce negative psychological states, promote healthy behavior formation, and enhance the quality of life of patients after radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation.

Transient perivascular inflammation of the carotid artery(TIPIC)syndrome is a relatively rare disease,and ultrasound is the first screening method for initial diagnosis of the disease.Contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)has unique advantages in the follow-up of patients with TIPIC syndrome.This paper reports a patient with TIPIC syndrome who was treated with acute left neck pain.The inflammation was significantly re-lieved and subsided after treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.The ultrasound changes of carotid artery lesions in this patient during follow-up were analyzed,and the application value of CEUS in the follow-up diagnosis of this disease was summarized,in the hope of providing clinical reference.