Objective:This study evaluates the performance of chemiluminescence assay, which is designed to detect Hepatitis D Virus (HDV) Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies.Methods:A comparative analysis was conducted among chemiluminescence anti-HDV IgG reagent, the magnetic particle-based domestic reagent A and domestic reagent B, and the Robo Gene HDV RNA kit, using 1909 HBsAg-positive plasma samples. This comparison aimed to delineate clinical specificity and detection accuracy. The anti-HDV IgG reagent precision was assessed at three different concentration levels following the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute EP5-A2 guidelines. The specificity of the assay was validated using 200 HAV IgM positive, 545 HBsAg-positive but anti-HDV IgG-negative, 350 anti HCV positive plasma samples and 200 healthy human blood samples. Additionally, a concordance study was conducted with 545 HBsAg-positive and 37 anti-HDV IgG-positive plasma samples, comparing the anti-HDV IgG reagent against reagent A.Results:1 909 HBsAg-positive plasma samples were tested using 3 anti HDV IgG reagent and 1 HDV RNA reagent, 19 samples were identified as anti-HDV IgG-positive. The anti-HDV IgG demonstrated superior accuracy and specificity. The assay exhibited excellent precision, with intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) values ranging from 1.57% to 4.30%, and inter-assay CV values between 1.71% and 4.67% for detecting samples at high, medium, and low concentration levels. Concordance with Reagent A showed consistent results in both positive and negative detections.Conclusion:In this study, the anti-HDV IgG reagent (chemiluminescence method) displayed outstanding specificity in detecting clinical samples and exhibited a high conformity rate with commercialized reagents, making it potentially suitable for screening anti-HDV IgG in HBsAg-positive samples.

Objective:This study aims to evaluate the quality and explore the preliminary clinical applications of a domestically developed hepatitis D virus nucleic acid quantification reagent (abbreviated as"domestic HDV RNA reagent").Methods:The sensitivity and accuracy of the reagent were evaluated in accordance with the WHO HDV RNA international standard, employing the Bio-Rad CFX Opus 96 real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis system. Serial dilutions of pseudo-viruses or cell culture-derived virus were used to determine the linear range of the domestic HDV RNA reagent. Specificity was assessed using positive samples of HAV, HBV, HCV infection, and HEV national reference materials. Precision was evaluated with samples at both high and low concentrations. In a comparative analysis, 30 HDV IgG positive samples were tested using both the domestic HDV RNA reagent and the RoboGene HDV RNA kit based on the ABI 7500 FAST DX system. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to examine the correlation between the two reagents.Results:The domestic HDV RNA reagent demonstrated a high sensitivity of up to 6 IU/ml, consistent with that of the comparator reagent. The calibration curve for WHO HDV RNA standards had a slope of -3.286, with an amplification efficiency of 101.6%. The linear detection range spanned from 10 to 10 8 IU/ml for eight HDV genotypes. The domestic HDV RNA reagent exhibited exceptional specificity, without cross-reactivity observed with HAV, HBV, HCV, or HEV. Accuracy assessments at five concentration levels met the required standards, with intra-assay precision coefficient of variation ( CV) ranging from 1.20% to 4.20%, and inter-assay precision CV from 1.20% to 7.90%. The detection results for HDV IgG positive samples were highly correlated with the comparator reagent ( r=0.984, P<0.001), achieving a diagnostic accuracy of 100% compared to sequencing results. Conclusion:In this study, the domestic HDV RNA reagent possesses excellent specificity, accuracy, precision, and a broad linear range, attaining a sensitivity level on par with international reagents of the same type.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of Jianpi Yishen Huazhuo Recipe in regulating ovarian function in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) through the Bax/Bcl-2/Caspase-3 pathway. METHODS SD rats were fed with a high-fat diet combined with letrozole to establish a model of PCOS. The successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into blank control group, model group, high-, medium-, and low-dose Jianpi Yishen Huazhuo Recipe groups, as well as positive drug metformin group. ELISA was used to detect the serum levels of LH, T, and LH/FSH in each group of rats. HE staining was used to observe the morphology of ovarian tissue. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 in ovarian tissues of rats. RESULTS ELISA results showed that the levels of LH, T, and LH/FSH in each dose group of Jianpi Yishen Huazhuo Recipe significantly decreased, while the level of FSH significantly increased. HE staining results showed that ovarian tissue in each dose group of Jianpi Yishen Huazhuo Recipe was significantly improved. Immunohistochemistry results showed that Bax expression increased in granulosa cells, interstitial cells, and luteal cells, while Bcl-2 expression increased in oocytes, luteal cells, and follicular fluid. Caspase-3 expression increased in granulosa cells, oocyte membranes, and interstitial cells. Western blotting results showed that the relative expression of Bax and Caspase-3 proteins decreased in each dose group of Jianpi Yishen Huazhuo Recipe, while the relative expression of Bcl-2 protein increased, and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 decreased. CONCLUSION Jianpi Yishen Huazhuo Recipe can improve ovarian ovulation function by downregulating the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 proteins in ovarian tissue of PCOS rats, reducing the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, upregulating the expression of Bcl-2 protein, adjusting the process of ovarian cell proliferation and apoptosis, improving the ovarian microenvironment, regulating endocrine levels, and promoting follicular development and maturation.

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a destructive pest native to America and has recently become an invasive insect pest in China. Because of its rapid spread and great risks in China, understanding of FAW genetic background and pesticide resistance is urgent and essential to develop effective management strategies. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level genome of a male FAW (SFynMstLFR) and compared re-sequencing results of the populations from America, Africa, and China. Strain identification of 163 individuals collected from America, Africa and China showed that both C and R strains were found in the American populations, while only C strain was found in the Chinese and African populations. Moreover, population genomics analysis showed that populations from Africa and China have close relationship with significantly genetic differentiation from American populations. Taken together, FAWs invaded into China were most likely originated from Africa. Comparative genomics analysis displayed that the cytochrome p450 gene family is extremely expanded to 425 members in FAW, of which 283 genes are specific to FAW. Treatments of Chinese populations with twenty-three pesticides showed the variant patterns of transcriptome profiles, and several detoxification genes such as AOX, UGT and GST specially responded to the pesticides. These findings will be useful in developing effective strategies for management of FAW in China and other invaded areas.
Animals ; China ; Genomics ; Humans ; Male ; Pesticides ; Spodoptera/genetics* ; Transcriptome

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Jianpi Yishen Huazhuo prescription in the improvement of ovarian function in polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS）. MethodSeventy female SD rats in SPF grade were randomly divided into 6 groups， 15 in the blank group and 15 in the model group， 10 in the metformin group （0.1 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and 10 in the low （1.275 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， medium （2.55 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and high-dose （5.10 g·kg^-1·d^-1） Jianpi Yishen Huazhuo prescription groups. The blank group was given normal saline （10 mL·kg^-1·d^-1） by gavage and ordinary feed， and the other groups were given letrozole （1 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） by gavage combined with high-fat feed for 21 days to induce the model of PCOS. After modeling， the blank group and model group were given equal volume normal saline by gavage， and each drug group was given the corresponding dose of the drug by gavage for 30 days. The changes in body mass and fasting blood glucose （FPG） of rats before and after modeling were compared. Hematoxylin eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the morphological change in the ovaries of rats in each group. The serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone （FSH）， luteinizing hormone （LH）， testosterone （T）， anti-Mullerian hormone （AMH）， and estradiol （E₂） were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the LH/FSH ratio was calculated. Immunohistochemical staining （IHC） and Western blot were used to detect the protein expression levels of nucleoside binding oligomerization domain protein like receptor 3 （NALP3）， apoptosis-associated speck-like protein （ASC）， cysteine protease-1 （Caspase-1）， nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-18 （IL-18）， and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in the rat ovaries. ResultAs compared with the blank group， large follicles with polycystic expansion were found in the ovaries of the model group， no dominant follicles were found， the granular layer of follicles decreased and arranged loosely， and the number of corpus luteum decreased significantly. Serum T， LH， AMH and LH/FSH increased in the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while FSH and E₂ decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The relative protein expression levels of NALP3， ASC， Caspase-1， NF-κB， IL-1β， IL-18， and IL-6 increased （P<0.05， P<0.01） in the ovaries of the model group. Compared with the model group， the low， medium， and high-dose Jianpi Yishen Huazhuo prescription groups and the metformin group showed growing follicles and corpus luteum at all levels， the number of cystic expanding follicles decreased， the thickness of follicular granular layer increased， the number of follicular fluid increased， mature follicles were visible， and the local morphology of oocytes was complete. Serum T， LH， AMH， and LH/FSH in these groups decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while E₂ and FSH increased （P<0.05）. The relative protein expressions of NALP3， ASC， Caspase-1， NF-κB， IL-1β， IL-18， and IL-6 in the ovaries of these groups decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. There was no significant difference among the treatment groups. ConclusionBy inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome， Jianpi Yishen Huazhuo prescription reduces the release of NALP3， ASC， Caspase-1， NF-κB， IL-18， IL-1β， and IL-6 inflammatory factors in ovarian tissues， regulates endocrine level， and effectively reduces PCOS inflammatory statu， so as to play a role in improving ovarian function.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of nerve injury in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and explore the diagnostic value of current perception threshold (CPT) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) for DPN.Methods:One hundred and thirty-six DPN patients admitted to Beijing Puren Hospital from June 2017 to December 2019 were selected, and 130 diabetic non-DPN patients admitted during the same period were used as controls. All the subjects were tested by CPT and NCV. Among them, the detection of NCV included sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV) and motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV). Statistical analysis was performed on the relevant indicators of the two groups of subjects.Results:The CPT values of the upper limb median nerve and ulnar nerve at 2 000 Hz, 250 Hz, and 5 Hz, the superficial peroneal nerves at 250 Hz, and 5 Hz, and the CPT values of the sural nerve at 2 000 Hz and 250 Hz were higher than those of non-DPN patients, DPN injury mainly occurred in myelinated nerve fibers in the lower extremities [60.29%(82/136)], and the difference were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The SCV and MCV of the median nerve, ulnar nerve, and common peroneal nerve in the DPN group were lower than those in the non-DPN group, the SCV abnormal rate was higher than the MCV: 55.88%(76/136) vs. 37.50%(51/136); 58.82%(80/136) vs. 41.18% (56/136); 67.65%(92/136) vs. 50.00%(68/136), and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The area under the predictive value curve (AUC) of CPT for DPN was 0.815 (95% CI 0.735 ~ 0.895). The AUC of NCV for DPN was 0.875 (95% CI 0.813 ~ 0.944). The AUC of CPT and NCV for DPN was 0.923 (95% CI 0.876 ~ 0.970). Conclusions:DPT patients have abnormal CPT and NCV, and nerve damage occurs mostly in myelinated nerve fibers and SCV. Diagnosing DPN by combining CPT and NCV is helpful to improve the detection rate of DPN.

Objective:To investigate the value of tumor hemodynamics and morphological features from conventional dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) scan before surgery in predicting postoperative recurrence time in breast cancer patients.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 58 patients with breast cancer who had recurred after operation from November 2012 to December 2014 in Liaoning Cancer Hospital was performed. According to the recurrence time, the patients were divided into early recurrence group (≤2 years after surgery, 33 cases) and late recurrence group (>2 years after surgery, 25 cases). All patients underwent routine DCE-MRI scans before surgery, and hemodynamic features of the three-dimensional volume of the tumor and the morphological and textural features of the tumor in each phase were extracted by computer. The counts and measurement data of patients in early recurrence group and late recurrence group were compared by Fisher′s exact probability method and Mann-Whitney U test, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn. The multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate the combined efficacy in predicting early recurrence and late recurrence. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survival prognosis, and Log-Rank test was used to compare the differences in survival curves between groups. Results:There was no significant difference in background parenchymal enhancement, lesion margin, lesion internal enhancement characteristics, lesion morphology, time-signal intensity curve type and the degree of whole-breast vascularity increase between early recurrence and late recurrence groups ( P>0.05).There were significant differences in the maximum concentration of contrast (Max Conc), the area under the time signal curve (AUC) and the maximum slope value of the time signal curve (Max Slope) ( P<0.05). Comparative analysis of the radiomics parameters of 8 phases DCE-MRI found that the sphericity of morphological characteristic parameters in the phase 3 was statistically different between the early recurrence and late recurrence groups ( P=0.03). Area under the ROC curve of AUC, Max Conc, Max Slope and parameter sphericity of phase 3 morphological characteristics for predicting early and late recurrence were 0.664, 0.659, 0.684 and 0.670, respectively. The area under the ROC combined with the above four parameters for prediction was 0.765, with a specificity of 63.6% and a sensitivity of 84.0%; the predictive efficacy was higher than that of univariate. Fifty-eight patients were followed up for 17 to 64 months with a median follow-up of 47 months. The disease-free survival and overall survival in the early recurrence group were significantly lower than those in the late recurrence group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:It is of certain value to predict the postoperative recurrence time of breast cancer based on the tumor hemodynamic characteristics combined with morphological characteristics from preoperative non-invasive conventional DCE-MRI.

Objective: To analyze and discuss the clinical value of single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT)/CT fusion imaging in differentiating benign and malignant spinal lesions. Methods: From January 2017 to January 2018, 70 cases with benign and malignant spinal lesions in Shanxida Hospital were studied.SPECT/CT fusion imaging and SPECT examination were used to compare the diagnosis results between the two groups. Results: After SPECT diagnosis, a total of 98 bone metastatic lesions were detected, including 10 false positive lesions, 60 benign lesions and 28 false negative lesions.After SPECT/CT fusion imaging, there were 100 lesions, including 4 false positive lesions, 59 benign lesions and 37 false negative lesions.In this study, a total of 145 lesions were found in 70 patients with benign and malignant spinal lesions, including 95 benign lesions and 50 malignant lesions.The specificity, sensitivity and accuracy of SPECT/CT fusion imaging [95.79%(91/95), 92.00%(46/50), 93.79%(136/145)] were higher than those of the control group [82.11%(78/95), 64.00%(32/50), and 82.76%(120/145)], the differences were statistically significant(χ²=9.048, 11.422, 9.578, all P<0.05). Conclusion In the diagnosis of benign and malignant spinal diseases, SPECT/CT fusion imaging can accurately distinguish benign and malignant lesions, and clearly reflect the development of the disease, which lay a solid foundation for good treatment in the future.

Objective To investigate clinical value of high sensitive-cardiac troponin T(hs-cTnT) combined with creatine kinase isoenzyme MB(CK-MB) in the diagnosis of children with myocarditis.Methods From Nov.2014 to Nov.2015,a total of 102 cases of myocarditis,suspected with myocardial damage and without myocardial damage(pneumonia and capillary bronchitis),and 50 healthy children were enrolled.Plasma levels of hs-cTnT and CK-MB were detected and compared.Results The levels of plasma hs-cTnT and CK-MB in children with myocarditis were significantly higher than those without myocarditis and healthy subjects(P<0.05).Hs-cTnT and CK-MB levels in children with myocarditis,less than one month old,were significantly higher than those with age of 1 month to 3 years old(P<0.05).Conclusion Combined detection of hs-cTnT and CK-MB could be with high sensitive and specificity in diagnosis of children with myocarditis,accurately assess the disease condition and improve the therapeutic effect and prognosis,which might be worthy of clinical application.

Objective To study the effect and adverse reaction of lactulose oral solution on the treatment of postpartum constipation.Methods A total of 120 patients with postpartum constipation were randomly divided into treatment group (n=61) and control group (n=59).The treatment group received 15 mL lactulose oral solution,twice a day.The control group received wheat cellulose particles 3.5 g,twice a day.After the improvement of symptoms,the patient''s medication frequency was changed to 1 time a day,the course of treatment was 2 weeks long.The curative effect(including before treatment,period during the treatment,and the first week after finish the whole treatment) and the recurrence of constipation after treatment were observed.Results The frequency of defecation per week in the treatment group was(3.83±1.61)times,that in the control group was(3.09±1.53)times at the first week after treatment(P<0.05),those were(6.22±1.96)and(5.15±1.71)times respectively in the second week(P<0.01),and (6.43±1.87),(5.29±1.64)times respectively at the first week after treatment(P<0.05).The total recurrence rate in the two groups were 4.92% and 10.17% respectively(P>0.05) after follow-up to 60 d.The degree of drug acceptance in two groups was 100.00% and 76.27% respectively(P<0.01).There was no obvious adverse reaction in both two groups.Conclusion The effect of lactulose oral solution on the treatment of postpartum constipation is definite and with low recurrence rate.Lactulose oral solution has a good taste,easily to be taken and to be accepted,it is worthy of clinical application.