BACKGROUND:Mesenchymal stem cells have been widely used in the treatment of various diseases due to their wide range of sources,their ease of proliferation in vitro and their ability to secrete a range of immunomodulatory factors to suppress inflammation and promote tissue repair and regeneration.However,in the treatment of many diseases,the therapeutic effect is limited.The effort to engineer and modify mesenchymal stem cells for specific disease pathogenesis or intervention targets is an important development for cell therapy in the future.OBJECTIVE:Interleukin-10 is a typical anti-inflammatory cytokine that helps to modulate the immune response and induces macrophage polarization towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype.This study investigated the therapeutic effect of interleukin-10 engineered human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on inflammatory bowel disease.METHODS:Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells stably overexpressing interleukin-10 were established by electro-transfection,and screened for clinical-grade cells based on the cell therapy product criteria.C57BL/6J mice were given 5%aqueous dextran sulfate sodium ad libitum to establish a model of acute colitis.Empty plasmid-transfected human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells or interleukin-10-human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(1×106 cells/each mouse)were injected on day 1 before modeling(tail vein injection)and day 4(intraperitoneal injection)after modeling,respectively.On day 6 after modeling,colon tissue sections were taken for hematoxylin-eosin staining to assess histological changes.Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and CD31.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The engineered human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells stably overexpressing interleukin-10 were constructed,and met the quality standard of clinical-grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells.Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells could repair acute colitis in mice.The therapeutic effect of interleukin-10-human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was more efficacious,which more significantly suppressed body weight loss(P<0.05),colon shortening(P<0.05),and damage of colonic tissues(P<0.05)in acute colitis mice.In interleukin-10-human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell treatment group,there were significantly more proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells and CD31-positive cells in the colon sections than in the human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell treatment group,suggesting that interleukin-10-overexpressing human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells contributed to the repair of colon tissue by significantly promoting the proliferation of intestinal tissues and angiogenesis.

Objective To analyze the related factors of prognosis in patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) complicated with renal damage, and to provide reference for clinical development of personalized prevention and treatment measures. Methods A total of 508 patients with primary SS complicated with renal damage in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from February 2020 to February 2022 were enrolled as study subjects. According to the prognosis status within 3 years, the enrolled patients were divided into good prognosis group (n=426) and poor prognosis group (n=82). Univariate and logistic multivariate regression analyses were adopted to analyze the influencing factors of poor prognosis. Results There were significant differences in hypertension, anemia, renal interstitial chronicity grading, and levels of globulin (GLO), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and hemoglobin between the two groups (P<0.05). Logistic multivariate analysis showed that concurrent hypertension, anemia, increased grade of renal interstitial chronicity, and elevated GLO and IgG levels were risk factors of poor prognosis in patients with primary SS complicated with renal damage, while hemoglobin level was a protective factor (OR: 1.962, 95%CI: 1.056-3.645; OR: 2.467, 95%CI: 1.153-5.278; OR: 17.796, 95%CI: 5.157-61.419; OR: 3.655, 95%CI: 1.812-7.372; OR: 5.732, 95%CI: 2.632-12.480; OR: 0.325, 95%CI: 0.165-0.640, P<0.05). Conclusion Patients with primary SS complicated with renal damage have a higher risk of poor prognosis, which is affected by factors such as hypertension, anemia, and GLO, IgG and hemoglobin levels. Clinically, it is necessary to take active prevention and treatment measures to improve the prognosis of patients.

BACKGROUND:Mesenchymal stem cells have been widely used in the treatment of various diseases due to their wide range of sources,their ease of proliferation in vitro and their ability to secrete a range of immunomodulatory factors to suppress inflammation and promote tissue repair and regeneration.However,in the treatment of many diseases,the therapeutic effect is limited.The effort to engineer and modify mesenchymal stem cells for specific disease pathogenesis or intervention targets is an important development for cell therapy in the future.OBJECTIVE:Interleukin-10 is a typical anti-inflammatory cytokine that helps to modulate the immune response and induces macrophage polarization towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype.This study investigated the therapeutic effect of interleukin-10 engineered human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on inflammatory bowel disease.METHODS:Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells stably overexpressing interleukin-10 were established by electro-transfection,and screened for clinical-grade cells based on the cell therapy product criteria.C57BL/6J mice were given 5%aqueous dextran sulfate sodium ad libitum to establish a model of acute colitis.Empty plasmid-transfected human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells or interleukin-10-human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(1×106 cells/each mouse)were injected on day 1 before modeling(tail vein injection)and day 4(intraperitoneal injection)after modeling,respectively.On day 6 after modeling,colon tissue sections were taken for hematoxylin-eosin staining to assess histological changes.Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and CD31.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The engineered human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells stably overexpressing interleukin-10 were constructed,and met the quality standard of clinical-grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells.Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells could repair acute colitis in mice.The therapeutic effect of interleukin-10-human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was more efficacious,which more significantly suppressed body weight loss(P<0.05),colon shortening(P<0.05),and damage of colonic tissues(P<0.05)in acute colitis mice.In interleukin-10-human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell treatment group,there were significantly more proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells and CD31-positive cells in the colon sections than in the human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell treatment group,suggesting that interleukin-10-overexpressing human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells contributed to the repair of colon tissue by significantly promoting the proliferation of intestinal tissues and angiogenesis.

Epidural labor analgesia aims to provide effective medical services to alleviate labor pain in parturients, while adhering to the principles of voluntary participation and clinical safety. In 2018, Peking Union Medical College Hospital(PUMCH)became one of the first pilot units for labor analgesia in China, and has achieved satisfactory results in high-quality development of labor analgesia. This article mainly introduces the achievements and experience of labor analgesia at PUMCH, including: (1) prioritizing maternal and infant safety, arranging personnel rationally, and developing standardized treatment processes through multidisciplinary collaboration to ensure safe and comfortable childbirth; (2) leveraging the hospital's comprehensive capabilities in emergency treatment, and improving collaborative rescue plans for critically ill parturients and newborns; (3) implementing advanced teaching methods to effectively train and conduct simulated drills for labor analgesia and rescue of critically ill parturients; (4) conducting patient education and informative lectures to help parturients acquire a scientific understanding of labor analgesia. We hope that this experience can provide reference and inspiration for other hospitals.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus,a common metabolic disease,has become a global public health challenge due to its high morbidity and disability.With the rise of mobile healthcare,the advancement of emer-ging technologies such as artificial intelligence,and the popularization of the concept of personalized health,the field of smart wearable devices is growing rapidly.Wearable devices are categorized into two types:medical and fitness wearable devices,which have been applied in the monitoring and regulation of blood glucose and the mod-ulation of healthy lifestyles of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.This article summarizes the research progress in the application of wearable devices in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the past 8 years,with a view to promoting the application of wearable devices and realizing the whole life-cycle health management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Developing new therapeutic agents for cancer immunotherapy is highly demanding due to the low response ratio of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in cancer patients. Here, we discovered that the novel immune checkpoint VISTA is highly expressed on a variety of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, especially myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and CD8⁺ T cells. Then, peptide C1 with binding affinity to VISTA was developed by phage displayed bio-panning technique, and its mutant peptide VS3 was obtained by molecular docking based mutation. Peptide VS3 could bind VISTA with high affinity and block its interaction with ligand PSGL-1 under acidic condition, and elicit anti-tumor activity in vivo. The peptide DVS3-Pal was further designed by d-amino acid substitution and fatty acid modification, which exhibited strong proteolytic stability and significant anti-tumor activity through enhancing CD8⁺ T cell function and decreasing MDSCs infiltration. This is the first study to develop peptides to block VISTA/PSGL-1 interaction, which could act as promising candidates for cancer immunotherapy.

Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygnease 2 (TDO2) is specific for metabolizing tryptophan to kynurenine (KYN), which plays a critical role in mediating immune escape of cancer. Although accumulating evidence demonstrates that TDO2 overexpression is implicated in the development and progression of multiple cancers, its tumor-promoting role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. Here, we observed that TDO2 was overexpressed in ESCC tissues and correlated significantly with lymph node metastasis, advanced clinical stage, and unfavorable prognosis. Functional experiments showed that TDO2 promoted tumor cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation, which could be prevented by inhibition of TDO2 and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Further experimentation demonstrated that TDO2 could promote the tumor growth of KYSE150 tumor-bearing model, tumor burden of C57BL/6 mice with ESCC induced by 4-NQO, enhance the expression of phosphorylated AKT, with subsequent phosphorylation of GSK3

Objective To explore the effect of extracurricular activities based on specialist nursing clinic. Methods Thirty-four undergraduate nursing students of grade 2013 in the Capital Medical University were enrolled in the study. After learning of nursing theories for senile dementia, the extracurricular activities based onspecialist nursing clinicwere carried out. Before and after the second class activities, the caring ability inventory scale and self scale-rating for self-directed learning (SRSSDL) were used to assess 34 students. Result After the activities, students' caring ability and self-directed learning ability were statistically significantly improved (P<0.01). Conclusion The extracurricular activities based onspecialist nursing cliniccan stimulate the learning interest of nursing students and improve their self-directed learning ability and humanistic care ability.

Objectives To explore the status and characteristics of changes in lung function in the elderly in communities of Beijing,and to provide reference for improving the prevention and control of chronic lung disease in the elderly.Methods A stratified,segmented and cluster sampling method was used to investigate 1 144 subjects aged 60 years and over in communities of Beijing (Huairou District,Daxing District rural area and Xicheng District).Health status and pulmonary function were assessed,and characteristics of lung functions and their changes were analyzed in the elderly.Results The average vital capacity(VC)was 2.53L,and forced vital capacity(FVC) was 2.29 L,forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)was 1.81 L,1 second rate (FEV1/FVC) was 83.42 ％.Static vital capacity was decreased in 1/3 of the elderly,and dynamic vital capacity,including FVC and FEV1,was reduced in about half of the elderly.Ratio of decline in lung function in the elderly was higher in male and in urban area than in women and in rural areas.Ratio of decline in each index of pulmonary ventilation function showed a significantly increased tendency along with the ageing.Lung dysfunction types in the elderly included a restricted (23.5％)and obstructive ventilation disorder (19.7％)and mixed ventilation disorder(12.8％).Conclusions The ratio of decline in lung function in the elderly is increased along with aging,and more significantly higher in female and in urban than in male and in countryside.Restrictive ventilation disorder in the elderly is more often in urban areas,while obstructive ventilation disorder occurs mostly in rural areas.Corresponding measures should be adopted for different groups of people.

Objective: To investigate the role of clinical pharmacist in the treatment of patients with severe infections in urology department.Methods: An objective analysis of the important roles of clinical pharmacists was carried out by making and adjusting the anti-infective treatment plan of two patients in urology department.Results: During the participation in the treatment of two patients with severe infections in urology department, clinical pharmacists played important roles in the treatment of the diseases through observing the clinical symptoms,analyzing the conditions of the patients and giving the pharmaceutical opinions and suggestions, and finally the infections were controlled successfully.Conclusion: Clinical pharmacists should participate in the therapy strategy adjustment in urology department using their professional knowledge to play important roles in the management of anti-infection strategy for severe patients.