Objective To analyze the case data of farmers' foodborne disease surveillance reports in Guizhou Province from 2022 to 2024, and to provide reference for the precise prevention and control of foodborne diseases among farmers in Guizhou Province. Methods Case data of foodborne disease surveillance reports of farmers were systematically collected from 2022 to 2024 in Guizhou Province. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the temporal, geographical, and demographic distribution of foodborne diseases among farmers, along with their primary clinical symptoms and pathogen detection results. Results From 2022 to 2024, a total of 22,882 cases of foodborne diseases were reported among farmers in Guizhou Province. The majority of clinical symptoms (97.81%) were related to the digestive system, with summer being the peak season. While females outnumbered males, the gender difference was statistically insignificant (P >0.05). The 36-55 age group accounted for the highest proportion (38.83%), with Zunyi City (34.89%) and Qiandongnan Prefecture (23.21%) reporting the most cases. Fungal products were the most frequently reported suspected food items (26.96%), and home-made preparation was the primary processing method (58.63%). A total of 1 210 fecal samples were collected through active monitoring with an overall detection rate of 13.22%. Norovirus showed the highest detection rate (9.92%, 120/1 210). Statistically significant differences were observed among different seasons, age groups, regions, types and processing methods of suspected food exposure, and pathogen detection rates (P <0.001). Conclusion Foodborne disease prevention and control among farmers in Guizhou Province should focus on the risks of wild mushroom poisoning in summer and homemade foods, and continuously improve farmers' awareness of the dangers of foodborne diseases and food safety.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of acupoint catgut embedding (ACE) on gut microbiota and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with constipation. METHODS: A total of 80 PD patients with constipation were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 40 cases in each group. Additionally, 40 healthy individuals were recruited as a healthy control group. The control group received conventional Western medical treatment for PD combined with polyethylene glycol (PEG), once daily for eight weeks. The observation group received additional ACE treatment at bilateral Tianshu (ST25), Zusanli (ST36), and Shangjuxu (ST37), once every two weeks for eight weeks. The healthy control group received no intervention. The spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs) per week and patient assessment of constipation quality of life (PAC-QOL) scores were assessed at baseline and after treatment in the two groups. Fecal samples were collected at the end of treatment for the observation and the control groups and at baseline for the healthy control group. Gut microbiota composition and diversity were analyzed using 16S rRNA method, and SCFA levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: Compared before treatment, the observation group showed a significant increase in SBMs (P<0.01), and PAC-QOL scores including physical discomfort, psychosocial discomfort, worry and concern, and total score were significantly reduced (P<0.01) after treatment; the control group also showed a reduction in PAC-QOL total score after treatment (P<0.01). After treatment, the observation group had significantly more SBMs (P<0.01), and lower PAC-QOL physical discomfort, psychosocial discomfort, worry and concern scores, and total score (P<0.01), and higher PAC-QOL satisfaction score (P<0.01) than the control group. Compared with the healthy control group, the control group showed decreased Chao1 and Ace indices (P<0.01). Compared with the healthy control group, the relative abundance of Prevotella and Roseburia was increased (P<0.05), while that of Enterobacter and Ruminococcus torques (six species in total) was decreased (P<0.05) in the control group. Compared with the control group, the observation group had increased relative abundance of Dialister, Parabacteroides, and Ruminococcus torques (P<0.05), and decreased relative abundance of Prevotella and Eubacterium ruminantium (P<0.05). Compared with the healthy control group, the control group had increased fecal SCFA levels (P<0.05); compared with the control group, the observation group had reduced fecal SCFA levels (P<0.05). Compared with the healthy control group, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid levels were elevated in the control group (P<0.05); compared with the control group, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid levels were decreased in the observation group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION ACE could increase spontaneous bowel movements and improve the quality of life in PD patients with constipation, which may be related to the regulation of gut microbiota composition and SCFA levels.
Humans ; Constipation/metabolism* ; Male ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Acupuncture Points ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Parkinson Disease/complications* ; Aged ; Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism* ; Catgut ; Feces/microbiology* ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Quality of Life ; Adult

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of monosialotetrahexosyl ganglioside(GM1)combined with recombinant human erythropoietin(rhEPO)in treating neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE)and its influence on inflammatory factors and neurological function.Methods A total of 78 neonates with HIE admitted to the Department of Neonatology of Nanyang Central Hospital from June 2017 to June 2020 were selected as the research subjects,and they were divided into the control group(n=39)and the observation group(n=39)by random number table method.All neonates were given routine treatment,including oxygen inhalation,maintenance of water,electrolyte and acid-base balance,control of convulsions and intracranial pressure,and moderate and severe HIE neonates were given mild hypothermia therapy on this basis.Neonates in the control group were given rhEPO 200 IU·kg-1 via subcutaneous injection on the basis of routine treatment,3 times a week.Neonates in the observation group were given GM1 20 mg intravenously once a day on the basis of the treatment of the control group.Seven days were taken as one course of treatment,and four courses of continuous treatment were taken.Moderate and severe HIE neonates were treated for 1-3 courses additionally according to their condition.The total effective rate of the two groups after treatment was compared.The neurological function of neonates in the two groups was evaluated by neonatal behavioral neurological assessment(NBNA)before,14 and 28 days after the treatment.The interleukin-6(IL-6),intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)and neuron specific enolase(NSE)in the serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before,14 and 28 days after the treatment.Results The total effective rate of treatment in the control group and the observation group was 69.23％(27/39)and 94.87％(37/39),respectively;the total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(x2=8.705,P=0.003).The total effective rate of treatment for mild HIE neonates in both groups was 100％.The total effective rate of moderate and severe HIE neonates in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(x2=4.843,3.898,P=0.028,0.048).There was no significant difference in NBNA scores between the two groups before treatment(P＞0.05).The NBNA scores of neonates in the two groups were significantly higher on the 14 and 28 days after treatment(P＜0.05).The NBNA scores of the two groups were significantly higher on the 28 day after treatment than those on the 14 day after treatment(P＜0.05).The NBNA scores of the neonates in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group on the 14 and 28 days after treatment(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in serum ICAM-1,IL-6,TNF-α,HIF-1α and NSE levels between the two groups before treatment(P＞0.05).The serum ICAM-1,IL-6,TNF-α,HIF-1α and NSE levels in the two groups on the 14 and 28 days after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05);the levels of serum ICAM-1,IL-6,TNF-α,HIF-1α and NSE in the two groups were significantly lower on the 28 day after treatment than those on the 14 day after treatment(P＜0.05).On the 14 and 28 days after treatment,the serum ICAM-1,IL-6,TNF-α,HIF-1α and NSE levels of the neonates in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion GM 1 combined with rhEPO in the treatment of neonatal HIE can reduce the levels of inflammatory factors,serum HIF-1α and NSE,and promote the recovery of neurological function,with significant effects.

Economic contract management is the basic work for the healthy and sustainable development of hospitals. At present, the contract management of some public hospitals in China is still in the stage of contract review text, which cannot meet the needs of high-quality development of public hospitals. Drawing on the practice of full lifecycle management of enterprise contract, the author put forward the concept of hospital contract full lifecycle management based on economic and business matters, and systematically introduced the hospital contract management framework and contract management information function design corresponding to this concept. Based on this concept, the hospital carried out the construction and application of the contract management platform, which significantly improved the standardization, refinement and information level of the economic contract management, and had the reference and promotion significance for improving the contract management level of public hospitals.

Economic contract management is the basic work for the healthy and sustainable development of hospitals. At present, the contract management of some public hospitals in China is still in the stage of contract review text, which cannot meet the needs of high-quality development of public hospitals. Drawing on the practice of full lifecycle management of enterprise contract, the author put forward the concept of hospital contract full lifecycle management based on economic and business matters, and systematically introduced the hospital contract management framework and contract management information function design corresponding to this concept. Based on this concept, the hospital carried out the construction and application of the contract management platform, which significantly improved the standardization, refinement and information level of the economic contract management, and had the reference and promotion significance for improving the contract management level of public hospitals.

No case of moyamoya syndrome with bilateral posterior cerebral artery (PCA) occlusion has been reported in China so far as this disease is extremely rare. The case shown in this article is a middle-aged women who has a history of atrial fibrillation, hypertension and type 2 diabetes acutely attacked by this syndrome. The main clinical manifestations included binocular blindness, right limb weakness. Imaging findings showed bilateral acute cerebral infarction in the parietal occipital lobe, bilateral anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery smoke angiogenesis, bilateral PCA occlusion with distal smoke angiogenesis. Considering the medical history of the patient, the cause of the disease was diagnosed as embolic stroke of undetermined source. The patient′s consciousness has been recovered and the limb weakness has been improved after active symptomatic treatment. However, the blindness did not see any improvements. This case report aims to improve clinicians′ understanding of bilateral PCA embolization in patients with moyamoya syndrome so the occurrence of cerebral infarction can be effectively prevented.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and the predictive value of Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR).Methods:Consecutive patients with AIS received IVT in Zhengzhou People’s Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were retrospectively enrolled. HT was defined as no intracranial hemorrhage was found on the first imaging examination after admission, and new intracranial hemorrhage was found on the imaging examination 24 h after IVT or when symptoms worsened. sHT was defined as HT and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score increased by ≥4 compared to admission or required surgical treatment such as intubation and decompressive craniectomy. The baseline clinical and laboratory data of the patients were collected, and NLR, lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet to neutrophil ratio (PNR) were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictors of HT and sHT, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of NLR for HT and sHT after IVT. Results:A total of 196 patients were included (age 65.37±13.10 years, 124 males [63.3%]). The median baseline NIHSS score was 4 (interquartile range: 2-10). Twenty patients (10.2%) developed HT, and 12 (6.1%) developed sHT. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in age, baseline NIHSS score, creatinine, NLR, and stroke etiology type between the HT group and the non-HT group (all P<0.05); there were statistically significant differences in age, NLR, PNR, creatinine, baseline NIHSS score, and stroke etiological type between the sHT group and the non-sHT group (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that NLR was an independent predictor of HT (odds ratio [ OR] 1.375, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 1.132-1.670; P=0.001) and sHT ( OR 1.647, 95% CI 1.177-2.304; P=0.004) after IVT. The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for predicting HT by NLR was 0.683 (95% CI 0.533-0.833; P=0.007), the optimal cutoff value was 5.78, the sensitivity and specificity were 55.0% and 84.1%, respectively. The area under the curve for predicting sHT by NLR was 0.784 (95% CI 0.720-0.839; P=0.001), the optimal cutoff value was 5.94, the sensitivity and specificity were 66.67% and 84.24%, respectively. Conclusions:A higher baseline NLR is associated with an increased risk of HT and sHT after IVT in patients with AIS, and can serve as a biomarker for predicting HT and sHT after IVT.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in patients with acute posterior circulation ischemic stroke (PCIS) and its impact on outcomes.Methods:From July 2016 to October 2019, patients admitted to the Department of Neurology, the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou and diagnosed as PCIS were enrolled retrospectively. Their demography, clinical data, laboratory and imaging findings were collected. HT was defined as no intracranial hemorrhage detected by the first head CT/MRI after onset, and intracranial hemorrhage was found during head CT/MRI reexamination within 10 d after onset. Symptomatic HT was defined as intracranial hemorrhage indicated by imaging reexamination and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was higher than the baseline. The outcome was evaluated by the modified Rankin Scale at 3 months after onset, and >2 were defined as poor outcome. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors for HT, symptomatic HT, and poor outcomes. Results:A total of 242 patients with PCIS were enrolled. Their age was 68.02±12.0 years, and 111 were females (45.9%). The baseline median NIHSS score was 5.9 (interquartile range: 3.1-8.8). HT occurred in 19 patients (7.9%), and 14 of them (73.7%) were symptomatic HT. Follow-up at 3 months showed that 74 patients (30.58%) had poor outcomes, of which 12 died. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher baseline systolic blood pressure (odds ratio [ OR] 1.076, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 1.021-1.135, P=0.006; OR 1.161, 95% CI 1.087-1.240, P<0.001) and larger infarct volume ( OR 31.293, 95% CI 4.542-215.592, P<0.001; OR 2.084, 95% CI 1.414-3.073, P<0.001) were the independent risk factors for HT and symptomatic HT. The higher NIHSS score ( OR 1.511, 95% CI 1.307-1.746; P<0.001), diabetes mellitus ( OR 2.041, 95% CI 1.054-3.952; P=0.034) and symptomatic HT ( OR 4.514, 95% CI 1.458-13.979; P=0.009) were the independent risk factors for poor outcomes. Conclusions:HT is rare in patients with PCIS. Higher baseline systolic blood pressure and larger infarct volume are the independent risk factors for HT in patients with PCIS. Higher baseline NIHSS scores, diabetes mellitus, and symptomatic HT are the independent risk factors for poor outcomes in patients with PCIS.

OBJECTIVETo compare the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Dachangshu" (BL 25) or "Tianshu" (ST 25) for visceral sensitivity, gene expression product c-kit of colonic Cajal interstitial cells (ICC) and capsaicin receptor 1 (TRPV1) of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) rats, so as to investigate the effect and mechanism differences of EA at the back point and the front point of large intestine for IBS rats.

METHODSForty-two Wistar neonatal rats were randomly divided into a blank group (9 rats) and a model group (33 rats). IBS model was established with mother and child separation, acetic acid enema in young rats and colorectal dilatation method. Twenty-seven IBS rats in life were randomly divided into a model control group, a Dachangshu group and a Tianshu group, 9 rats in each group. EA (disperse-dense wave, 2 Hz/100 Hz, 0.1-0.3 mA) for 20 min was used at "Dachangshu" (BL 25) and "Tianshu" (ST 25) respectively in the Dachangshu and Tianshu groups, once every other day, totally 5 times. The rats in the model control group were fixed with soft cloth sleeve for 20 min, without acupuncture. No intervention was used in the blank group. The stool property Bristol grading score was recorded before and after intervention in each group. The visceral sensitivity was evaluated by abdominal withdrawal reflex. The latency until the first systolic wave occurred and the number of systolic wave within 90 s were observed. Immunohistochemical was used to detect the positive expressions of c-kit and TRPV1, the ICC colon specific marker.

RESULTSCompared with the blank group, the Bristol score increased，latency period shortened, systolic wave number increased, c-kit and TRPV1 positive expressions increased in the model control group (all <0.01). Compared with the model control group, the Bristol score decreased, latency period increased, systolic wave number decreased, c-kit and TRPV1 positive expressions decreased after intervention in the Dachangshu and Tianshu groups (<0.05, <0.01). Compared with the Dachangshu group, the TRPV1 positive expression decreased after intervention in the Tianshu group (<0.05).

CONCLUSIONEA at "Dachangshu" (BL 25) or "Tianshu"(ST 25) can improve the diarrhea in IBS model rats, reduce the visceral sensitivity, and its mechanism may be related to regulating the expressions of colon c-kit and TRPV1. EA at "Tianshu" (ST 25) is more apparent for TRPV1 than at "Dachangshu" (BL 25).

Objective To explore the effects of vertebral artery hypoplasia (VAH)on falsenegative rates with MRI in isolated acute vestibular syndrome (AIVS) patients with small posterior circulation small infarcts (infarct diameter ≤ 10 mm by DWI).Methods A total of 224 AIVS patients with at least one stroke risk factor (defined as high-risk AIVS)were consecutively recruited.Head impulse,nystagmus and test-of-skew(HINTS),brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP),and blink reflex(BR)were performed as soon as possible ahead of MRI.Another MRI was carried out in those with negative findings on the first imaging but suspected of a central lesion based on HINTS + BAEP + BR.Patients were divided into a VAH group and a non-VAH group.Results Of the 98 cases with posterior circulation infarcts,37 cases were small infarcts,including 16 in the VAH group(16/61,26.2％)and 21 in the non VAH group(21/163,12.9％),with a significant difference between the groups(x2 =4.58,P ＜ 0.05).Nine VAH patients (9/16,56.3 ％)and 4 non-VAH patients(4/21,19.0％)presented false negative results on cranial MRI-DWI,and the difference was also statistically significant(x2 =6.23,P＜0.001).HINTS + BAEP + BR showed a higher sensitivity than early MRI in identifying small infarcts(VAH group:100.0％ vs.44.0％ or 7/16,U=6.41,P＜0.001;non-VAH group:100.0％ vs.81.0％ or 17/21,U=4.46,P＜0.0S).V wave peak latency,Ⅲ-Ⅴ and Ⅰ-Ⅴ wave interpeak latency,and the latency of R1,R2,and R2' in the VAH group were longer than in the non-VAH group(each P＜0.05).Conclusions When VAH is present in high-risk AIVS patients,small infarcts are common,with high false-negative rates on MRI-DWI.HINTS + BAEP + BR may help identify small infarcts and thus improve diagnostic sensitivity.