Metabolomics covers a wide range of applications in life sciences, biomedicine, and phytology. Data acquisition (to achieve high coverage and efficiency) and analysis (to pursue good classification) are two key segments involved in metabolomics workflows. Various chemometric approaches utilizing either pattern recognition or machine learning have been employed to separate different groups. However, insufficient feature extraction, inappropriate feature selection, overfitting, or underfitting lead to an insufficient capacity to discriminate plants that are often easily confused. Using two ginseng varieties, namely Panax japonicus (PJ) and Panax japonicus var. major (PJvm), containing the similar ginsenosides, we integrated pseudo-targeted metabolomics and deep neural network (DNN) modeling to achieve accurate species differentiation. A pseudo-targeted metabolomics approach was optimized through data acquisition mode, ion pairs generation, comparison between multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and scheduled MRM (sMRM), and chromatographic elution gradient. In total, 1980 ion pairs were monitored within 23 min, allowing for the most comprehensive ginseng metabolome analysis. The established DNN model demonstrated excellent classification performance (in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, area under the curve, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC)) using the entire metabolome data and feature-selection dataset, exhibiting superior advantages over random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and multilayer perceptron (MLP). Moreover, DNNs were advantageous for automated feature learning, nonlinear modeling, adaptability, and generalization. This study confirmed practicality of the established strategy for efficient metabolomics data analysis and reliable classification performance even when using small-volume samples. This established approach holds promise for plant metabolomics and is not limited to ginseng.

Objective:To explore the differences between clinical-pathological-ultrasound features in hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）with negative and positive des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin（DCP）.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 649 patients with pathologically confirmed HCC at Zhongshan Hospital，Fudan University from April 2020 to May 2024. Patients were stratified into DCP-negative（177 cases，<40 mAU/ml）and DCP-positive（472 cases，≥40 mAU/ml）groups. Clinical data，pathological features，and ultrasound findings were collected. Conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound（CEUS）imaging characteristics were analyzed and compared between the two groups，and the correlation between ultrasound features and pathological characteristics were analyzed.Results:The DCP-negative group exhibited a lower incidence of microvascular invasion（10.17% vs. 34.75%， P<0.001）and smaller median tumor diameter（23 mm vs. 40 mm， P<0.001）. Heterogeneous internal echogenicity was less frequent in DCP-negative tumors［48.59%（86/177） vs. 74.58%（352/472）， P<0.001］. CEUS revealed higher rates of arterial-phase iso-enhancement（6.78% vs. 1.69%）and absence of washout（13.56% vs. 4.45%）in DCP-negative HCC（both P<0.001）. CEUS LI-RADS classification showed fewer LR-5 lesions［50.85%（90/177） vs. 59.53%（281/472）］in DCP-negative group（ P<0.001）. Conclusions:HCC with different DCP states has different clinical-pathological-ultrasound features. DCP-negative HCCs are more likely to show atypical enhancement patterns characteristic of HCC.

Metabolomics covers a wide range of applications in life sciences,biomedicine,and phytology.Data acquisition(to achieve high coverage and efficiency)and analysis(to pursue good classification)are two key segments involved in metabolomics workflows.Various chemometric approaches utilizing either pattern recognition or machine learning have been employed to separate different groups.However,insufficient feature extraction,inappropriate feature selection,overfitting,or underfitting lead to an insufficient capacity to discriminate plants that are often easily confused.Using two ginseng varieties,namely Panax japonicus(PJ)and Panax japonicus var.major(PJvm),containing the similar ginsenosides,we integrated pseudo-targeted metabolomics and deep neural network(DNN)modeling to achieve accurate species differentiation.A pseudo-targeted metabolomics approach was optimized through data acquisition mode,ion pairs generation,comparison between multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)and scheduled MRM(sMRM),and chromatographic elution gradient.In total,1980 ion pairs were monitored within 23 min,allowing for the most comprehensive ginseng metabolome analysis.The established DNN model demonstrated excellent classification performance(in terms of accuracy,precision,recall,F1 score,area under the curve,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC))using the entire metabolome data and feature-selection dataset,exhibiting superior advantages over random forest(RF),support vector ma-chine(SVM),extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost),and multilayer perceptron(MLP).Moreover,DNNs were advantageous for automated feature learning,nonlinear modeling,adaptability,and generalization.This study confirmed practicality of the established strategy for efficient metabolomics data analysis and reliable classification performance even when using small-volume samples.This established approach holds promise for plant metabolomics and is not limited to ginseng.

Objective To study the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages in the tissues of eosinophilic gastroenteritis mice.Methods Thirty female C57BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks were selected to induce the model of eosinophilic gastroenteritis in wild-type mice.They were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin(OVA)protein and they were gastric stimulated with OVA.The successful modeling of eosinophilic gastroenteritis was verified by measuring the weight change of mice,detecting OVA specific immunoglobulin E(IgE)and Immunoglobulin G(IgG)levels in peripheral blood of mice by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and detecting intestinal eosinophils count by flow cytometry.The proportion of neutrophils and monocytes in peripheral blood and the proportion of neutrophils and macrophages in spleen,mesenteric lymph nodes,small intestine and colon tissues were detected by flow cytometry.Results The mice model of eosinophilic gastroenteritis was successfully induced by OVA abdominal sensitization and gavage stimulation.In mice with eosinophilic gastroenteritis,the infiltration of monocytes in peripheral blood,macrophages infiltration of spleen,mesenteric lymph nodes,small intestine and colon tissues were increased.And the neutrophil were increased infiltrated in peripheral blood,small intestine and colon tissues.Conclusion Macrophage and neutrophil were increased infiltrated in peripheral blood,intestinal tissue of mice with eosinophilic gastroenteritis.Furthermore,the infiltration of macrophage was increased in lymphoid tissues,such as spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes of mice with eosinophilic gastroenteritis.

Objective To study the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages in the tissues of eosinophilic gastroenteritis mice.Methods Thirty female C57BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks were selected to induce the model of eosinophilic gastroenteritis in wild-type mice.They were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin(OVA)protein and they were gastric stimulated with OVA.The successful modeling of eosinophilic gastroenteritis was verified by measuring the weight change of mice,detecting OVA specific immunoglobulin E(IgE)and Immunoglobulin G(IgG)levels in peripheral blood of mice by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and detecting intestinal eosinophils count by flow cytometry.The proportion of neutrophils and monocytes in peripheral blood and the proportion of neutrophils and macrophages in spleen,mesenteric lymph nodes,small intestine and colon tissues were detected by flow cytometry.Results The mice model of eosinophilic gastroenteritis was successfully induced by OVA abdominal sensitization and gavage stimulation.In mice with eosinophilic gastroenteritis,the infiltration of monocytes in peripheral blood,macrophages infiltration of spleen,mesenteric lymph nodes,small intestine and colon tissues were increased.And the neutrophil were increased infiltrated in peripheral blood,small intestine and colon tissues.Conclusion Macrophage and neutrophil were increased infiltrated in peripheral blood,intestinal tissue of mice with eosinophilic gastroenteritis.Furthermore,the infiltration of macrophage was increased in lymphoid tissues,such as spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes of mice with eosinophilic gastroenteritis.

Objective:To explore the differences between clinical-pathological-ultrasound features in hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）with negative and positive des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin（DCP）.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 649 patients with pathologically confirmed HCC at Zhongshan Hospital，Fudan University from April 2020 to May 2024. Patients were stratified into DCP-negative（177 cases，<40 mAU/ml）and DCP-positive（472 cases，≥40 mAU/ml）groups. Clinical data，pathological features，and ultrasound findings were collected. Conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound（CEUS）imaging characteristics were analyzed and compared between the two groups，and the correlation between ultrasound features and pathological characteristics were analyzed.Results:The DCP-negative group exhibited a lower incidence of microvascular invasion（10.17% vs. 34.75%， P<0.001）and smaller median tumor diameter（23 mm vs. 40 mm， P<0.001）. Heterogeneous internal echogenicity was less frequent in DCP-negative tumors［48.59%（86/177） vs. 74.58%（352/472）， P<0.001］. CEUS revealed higher rates of arterial-phase iso-enhancement（6.78% vs. 1.69%）and absence of washout（13.56% vs. 4.45%）in DCP-negative HCC（both P<0.001）. CEUS LI-RADS classification showed fewer LR-5 lesions［50.85%（90/177） vs. 59.53%（281/472）］in DCP-negative group（ P<0.001）. Conclusions:HCC with different DCP states has different clinical-pathological-ultrasound features. DCP-negative HCCs are more likely to show atypical enhancement patterns characteristic of HCC.

Objective:To investigate the value of using ultrasound excited contrast agents to assess extracorporeal hydrostatic pressure on the basis of ultrasound contrast imaging.Methods:An extracorporeal hydrostatic pressure evaluation system was established. The changes in contrast intensity was first evaluated for the same concentration of microbubble contrast agent at ambient pressures of 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 cmH 2O. Contrast agents with the same initial intensity were placed at different pressures for 1 s, 3 s, and 5 s, and the percentage change in contrast agent intensity was analyzed to select the optimal excitation time. Finally, the contrast agent at different pressures was stimulated using an acoustic excitation device, and correlation analysis was performed using the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient. Linear regression analysis was used to establish the relationship between different pressures and the percentage change in intensity. Results:When the ambient pressure was varied under 6 gradients of 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 cmH 2O, the contrast strength decreased with the pressure increased, and there was a negative correlation between contrast strength and the pressure ( r=-0.971, P<0.001). Under different pressures, the contrast agent intensity showed different degrees of natural decrease in 1 s, 3 s, and 5 s. The difference in the percentage change in contrast agent intensity in each pressure gradient was not statistically significant in 1 s ( P>0.05), whereas the differences in the percentage change in contrast agent intensity in 3 s and 5 s were statistically significant in each pressure gradient (all P<0.05). After microbubble contrast agent was stimulated by ultrasound excitation for 1s, the percentage change in contrast agent intensity was significantly correlated with ambient pressure ( r=-0.976, P<0.001). A linear regression model was fitted with the percentage change in contrast agent intensity after 1 s of stimulation as the independent variable and the pressure as the dependent variable, with the model equation: y=60.075-2.559×x1, where x1 is the percentage change in contrast agent ( R2=0.952, P<0.001). Conclusions:The percentage change in contrast intensity after 1 s of ultrasound excitation of microbubble contrast agent is a favorable predictor of hydrostatic pressure at 6 pressure gradients of 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 cmH 2O, which may provide a new method for noninvasive monitoring of portal vein pressure for clinicans.

Objective:To establish a nomogram prediction model for recurrence within 2 years after radical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics.Methods:Clinical data from 405 HCC patients (including 327 males and 78 females), aged 60 (53, 66) years old, who underwent radical hepatectomy in the Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, from January to December 2021, were retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into two groups: the training group ( n=283) and the validation group ( n=122). Based on recurrence within 2 years after surgery, the 283 patients in the training group were further categorized into the recurrence group ( n=73) and the non-recurrence group ( n=210). Among the 122 patients in the validation group, 33 had recurrence within 2 years, while 89 did not. Data on age, microvascular invasion, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), AFP lentil lectin-reactive fraction (AFP-L3), protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II), tumor number, and enhancement homogeneity were collected. Logistic regression analysis was performed on the training group to identify risk factors associated with postoperative recurrence, and a nomogram model for predicting HCC recurrence was constructed based on these factors. Calibration curves were used to compare the consistency between predicted and actual outcomes in both the training and validation groups. Results:Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that younger age ( OR=0.976, 95% CI: 0.953-1.000, P=0.004), higher AFP-L3 ( OR=1.066, 95% CI: 1.014-1.120, P=0.012), higher PIVKA-II ( OR=1.000, 95% CI: 1.000-1.001, P=0.042), multiple tumors ( OR=0.399, 95% CI: 0.225-0.706, P=0.038), and heterogeneous enhancement ( OR=0.472, 95% CI: 0.243-0.916, P=0.045) were significant risk factors for recurrence after partial hepatectomy in HCC patients. The nomogram constructed based on these variables had a C-index of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.81-0.93) in the training group and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.77-0.89) in the validation group. The calibration curves for predicting recurrence within 2 years after partial hepatectomy in HCC patients showed a high degree of fit in both the training and validation groups, indicating a good agreement between predicted and actual outcomes. Conclusion:The nomogram model constructed based on preoperative clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics can effectively predict the risk of recurrence within 2 years after radical resection of HCC.

Objective To explore the efficacy of the geriatric interdisciplinary team(GIT)service for elderly patients with multimorbidity and malnutrition.Methods We selected 109 elderly patients with diabetes mellitus(DM),chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)or chronic heart failure(CHF)and multi morbidity to the Department of Geriatrics of The 2nd People's Hospital of Kunming City from January 2022 to January 2023.The patients were randomly divided into the control group of 53 cases and the observation group of 56 cases.The control group received routine management of multimorbidity and malnutrition,while the observation group used the GIT service model to manage multimorbidity and malnutrition.The disease,nutritional status,and quality of life outcomes of the two groups of elderly patients were evaluated before and 3 months after the intervention.(1)HbA1c was detected in patients with DM in both groups,and the aggravation of patients with COPD or CHF was observed and recorded.(2)Nutrition-related indicators(Tp,ALB and Hb)and Barthel index were evaluated in both groups.Results(1)The HbA1c of patients with DM in the two groups decreased after intervention(P＜0.001),and the decrease in the observation group was more significant than that in the control group(P＜0.001).(2)The number of AECOPEs in patients with COPD in the two groups decreased,and the observation group was less than the control group(P＜0.05).(3)The number of CHF acute exacerbations in patients with CHF in the two groups decreased and the observation group was fewer than the control group(P＜0.05).(4)The TP,ALB,Hb and Barthel index scores of the two groups increased compared with those before intervention,and the observation group increased more significantly than the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The geriatric interdisciplinary team service for the elderly has a good effect in the intervention of elderly patients with multimorbidity and malnutrition.

ObjectiveTo observe the lower limb muscle activation strategy of healthy middle-aged and old women during stair ascent and descent with surface electromyography. MethodsFrom August, 2021 to February, 2022, 20 healthy middle-aged and old women were measured the surface electromyography root mean square (RMS) and integrated electromyography (iEMG) of bilateral vastus lateral, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, biceps femoris and semitendinosus during stair ascent and descent, and co-contraction ratio was calculated. ResultsDuring stair ascent, the RMS of bilateral vastus lateral, rectus femoris and vastus medialis was higher at starting stage than at following stage (|t| > 6.650, P < 0.001), while the RMS of biceps femoris and semitendinosus was lower (t > 3.559, P < 0.01); and the co-contraction ratio of hamstrings/quadriceps was lower at starting stage than at following stage (t > 8.185, P < 0.001). During stair descent, the RMS of bilateral vastus lateral, vastus medialis, biceps femoris and semitendinosus was higher at following stage than at starting stage (t > 2.345, P < 0.05), as well as the co-contraction ratio of hamstrings/quadriceps (t > 2.405, P < 0.05). ConclusionThe activities of the muscles around the knees are almost symmetrical during stair ascent and descent for healthy middle-aged and old women. The activation and co-contraction ratio of quadriceps and hamstring are various at starting/following stages.