Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of malignant melanoma (MM) in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Methods:We collected the clinical and follow-up data of 503 MM patients admitted to the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between 2010 and 2022. The Kaplan-Meier method was employed for survival analysis, with Log rank test used for comparing the survival rates between groups. Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify the influencing factors of patient prognosis.Results:From 2010 to 2022, the number of MM patients admitted to the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University demonstrated an upward trend. Among the 503 MM patients, the primary tumor sites were located in the extremities in 264 cases, the skin in 155 cases, the mucosal in 49 cases, and the ocular uvea in 22 cases, and in 13 cases the primary lesion was unknown. The median follow-up duration was 44 months, with a median overall survival time of 44.0 months. The overall survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 85.2%, 54.3%, and 42.1%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that age, Breslow thickness, Clark grading, presence of ulcers, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, clinical stage at initial treatment, tumor recurrence, distant metastasis (lung, liver, bone, or brain), and postoperative adjuvant therapy were all associated with overall survival in MM patients (all P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that age ( HR=1.022, 95% CI: 1.013-1.032), LDH level ( HR=1.696, 95% CI: 1.223-2.353), clinical stage at initial treatment (TxN0M0 vs stage Ⅱ: HR=0.255, 95% CI: 0.096-0.679; TxN0M0 vs stage Ⅲ: HR=0.293, 95% CI: 0.190-0.452; TxN0M0 vs stage Ⅳ: HR=0.414, 95% CI: 0.284-0.603), bone metastasis ( HR=2.032, 95% CI: 1.252-3.298), and postoperative adjuvant therapy ( HR=0.551, 95% CI: 0.426-0.713) are independent factors influencing the overall survival of MM patients. Stratified analysis by different subtype indicated that age, clinical stage at initial treatment, gene mutations, and postoperative adjuvant therapy usage are independent factors affecting the overall survival of patients with limb MM, while age and clinical stage at initial treatment are independent factors influencing the overall survival of patients with skin and mucosal MM. Conclusions:The number of MM patients in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region may be on the rise. Age, LDH level, clinical stage at initial treatment, presence of bone metastasis, and postoperative adjuvant therapy are independent risk factors for the prognosis of MM patients. Among these, age and clinical stage at initial treatment are common independent risk factors that affect the prognosis of different subtypes of MM patients.

BACKGROUND:Mongolian medicine Echinops sphaerocephalus L.is a commonly used medicine for bone injury in Mongolian medicine.It is effective for tendon injury,fracture,bone nonunion,bone fever,tingling,sore and other diseases.Our previous studies have confirmed that Mongolian medicine Echinops sphaerocephalus L.can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,but its effect on angiogenesis in the process of bone defect repair is unknown.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Echinops sphaerocephalus L.on in vitro angiogenesis in human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells and to explore the angiogenesis-promoting active ingredients and their mechanisms of action of Echinops sphaerocephalus L.using network pharmacology technology.METHODS:The ethanol extract of Echinops sphaerocephalus L.was prepared and preserved by freeze-drying.The proliferation,migration,chemotaxis and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were observed after treatment with different concentrations(1 000,100,and 10 μg/mL)of Echinops sphaerocephalus L.The active components and possible signaling pathways that promoted angiogenesis were enriched and analyzed by network pharmacology.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The effect of Echinops sphaerocephalus L.on angiogenesis was regulated by its mass concentration:at low mass concentration(10 μg/mL),Echinops sphaerocephalus L.could promote the proliferation,migration,chemotaxis and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells;on the contrary,Echinops sphaerocephalus L.inhibited the proliferation,migration,and chemotaxis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells at high mass concentration(1 000 μg/mL).However,the inhibitory effect of Echinops sphaerocephalus L.on angiogenesis was not significant at high mass concentration due to the limitation of experimental time.10 μg/mL Echinops sphaerocephalus L.could up-regulate the mRNA expression of angiogenesis-associated factors,including kinase insert domain receptor,vascular endothelial growth factor A,and hypoxia-inducible factor α,and thereby influenced angiogenesis during bone repair.(2)Network pharmacological analyses indicated that Echinops sphaerocephalus L.may bind to eight core targets(TGFB1,TNF,IL-6,STAT3,CTNNB1,IL-1B,AKT1,and HIF-1A)through four core active components(apigenin,caffeic acid,quercetin,and chlorogenic acid)to exert an effect on angiogenesis,atherosclerosis,multiple viral infections,and tumor angiogenesis-related signaling pathways.

BACKGROUND:Mongolian medicine Echinops sphaerocephalus L.is a commonly used medicine for bone injury in Mongolian medicine.It is effective for tendon injury,fracture,bone nonunion,bone fever,tingling,sore and other diseases.Our previous studies have confirmed that Mongolian medicine Echinops sphaerocephalus L.can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,but its effect on angiogenesis in the process of bone defect repair is unknown.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Echinops sphaerocephalus L.on in vitro angiogenesis in human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells and to explore the angiogenesis-promoting active ingredients and their mechanisms of action of Echinops sphaerocephalus L.using network pharmacology technology.METHODS:The ethanol extract of Echinops sphaerocephalus L.was prepared and preserved by freeze-drying.The proliferation,migration,chemotaxis and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were observed after treatment with different concentrations(1 000,100,and 10 μg/mL)of Echinops sphaerocephalus L.The active components and possible signaling pathways that promoted angiogenesis were enriched and analyzed by network pharmacology.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The effect of Echinops sphaerocephalus L.on angiogenesis was regulated by its mass concentration:at low mass concentration(10 μg/mL),Echinops sphaerocephalus L.could promote the proliferation,migration,chemotaxis and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells;on the contrary,Echinops sphaerocephalus L.inhibited the proliferation,migration,and chemotaxis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells at high mass concentration(1 000 μg/mL).However,the inhibitory effect of Echinops sphaerocephalus L.on angiogenesis was not significant at high mass concentration due to the limitation of experimental time.10 μg/mL Echinops sphaerocephalus L.could up-regulate the mRNA expression of angiogenesis-associated factors,including kinase insert domain receptor,vascular endothelial growth factor A,and hypoxia-inducible factor α,and thereby influenced angiogenesis during bone repair.(2)Network pharmacological analyses indicated that Echinops sphaerocephalus L.may bind to eight core targets(TGFB1,TNF,IL-6,STAT3,CTNNB1,IL-1B,AKT1,and HIF-1A)through four core active components(apigenin,caffeic acid,quercetin,and chlorogenic acid)to exert an effect on angiogenesis,atherosclerosis,multiple viral infections,and tumor angiogenesis-related signaling pathways.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of malignant melanoma (MM) in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Methods:We collected the clinical and follow-up data of 503 MM patients admitted to the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between 2010 and 2022. The Kaplan-Meier method was employed for survival analysis, with Log rank test used for comparing the survival rates between groups. Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify the influencing factors of patient prognosis.Results:From 2010 to 2022, the number of MM patients admitted to the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University demonstrated an upward trend. Among the 503 MM patients, the primary tumor sites were located in the extremities in 264 cases, the skin in 155 cases, the mucosal in 49 cases, and the ocular uvea in 22 cases, and in 13 cases the primary lesion was unknown. The median follow-up duration was 44 months, with a median overall survival time of 44.0 months. The overall survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 85.2%, 54.3%, and 42.1%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that age, Breslow thickness, Clark grading, presence of ulcers, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, clinical stage at initial treatment, tumor recurrence, distant metastasis (lung, liver, bone, or brain), and postoperative adjuvant therapy were all associated with overall survival in MM patients (all P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that age ( HR=1.022, 95% CI: 1.013-1.032), LDH level ( HR=1.696, 95% CI: 1.223-2.353), clinical stage at initial treatment (TxN0M0 vs stage Ⅱ: HR=0.255, 95% CI: 0.096-0.679; TxN0M0 vs stage Ⅲ: HR=0.293, 95% CI: 0.190-0.452; TxN0M0 vs stage Ⅳ: HR=0.414, 95% CI: 0.284-0.603), bone metastasis ( HR=2.032, 95% CI: 1.252-3.298), and postoperative adjuvant therapy ( HR=0.551, 95% CI: 0.426-0.713) are independent factors influencing the overall survival of MM patients. Stratified analysis by different subtype indicated that age, clinical stage at initial treatment, gene mutations, and postoperative adjuvant therapy usage are independent factors affecting the overall survival of patients with limb MM, while age and clinical stage at initial treatment are independent factors influencing the overall survival of patients with skin and mucosal MM. Conclusions:The number of MM patients in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region may be on the rise. Age, LDH level, clinical stage at initial treatment, presence of bone metastasis, and postoperative adjuvant therapy are independent risk factors for the prognosis of MM patients. Among these, age and clinical stage at initial treatment are common independent risk factors that affect the prognosis of different subtypes of MM patients.