Venous adventitial cystic disease(VACD)is a rare vascular disease which often manifests as unilateral limb swelling,and so misdiagnosed as other diseases such as deep vein thrombosis.Color Doppler ultrasound,CT angiography and magnetic resonance imaging play a crucial role in the diagnosis of VACD.Surgical treatment is the main method for VACD,including cyst incision,cyst wall resection,cyst puncture,aspiration and cyst and vessel resection.The recurrence rate of VACD is relatively high,ranging from 20%to 83%.Enhancing the understanding of VACD,making accurate diagnoses and appropriate surgical operation are of great significance for improving treat-ment outcomes and reducing the recurrence rate.

Electrical impedance tomography(EIT)is an emerging imaging technology developed at the end of the last century,which has outstanding advantages such as non-invasiveness,non-radiation,smart,low cost and easy operation.This article reviews the development,principles and clinical application of electrical impedance tomo-graphy in diagnosis,decision-making of clinical management of acute respiratory distress syndrome.The article also provides suggestions for the future development of EIT in terms of more clinical research,improving technical accu-racy,cost/effectiveness and training of staff.

Electrical impedance tomography(EIT)estimates the spatial distribution of tissue electrical properties by measuring the transfer impedance between surface electrodes.which has shown great potential in medical imaging,especially in the evaluation of brain injury patients.This review introduces the application of EIT in the evaluation of brain injury patients,including diagnosis and monitoring of stroke,cerebral edema,and epileptic foci.In stroke research,consecutive and real-time EIT monitoring may support early diagnosis of intracranial lesions,identification of stroke types,and improvement of prognosis.For cerebral edema,EIT can monitor intracranial pres-sure in real-time and evaluate the effectiveness of dehydration treatment.EIT is used for lesion localization and sei-zure monitoring.The review also summarizes the existing problems of EIT and technical challenges that may orient future research as well as clinical application.

The incidence and mortality of venous thromboembolism (VTE) are high in critically ill patients, and there is still a risk of VTE and bleeding after the use of fixed-dose low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for prophylaxis. The level of anti-factor Ⅹa is not up to standard after LMWH prophylaxis in patients with surgery or trauma. The condition of critically ill patients is complicated, and the proportion of patients with low antithrombin Ⅲ is high, which can affect the prophylactic efficacy of LMWH and contribute to VTE occurrence. There is currently no consensus on whether adjusting LMWH dose according to anti-factor Ⅹa levels can reduce VTE occurrence in critically ill patients. High-quality multicenter randomized controlled studies are needed in the future to establish new approaches for precise prevention of VTE in critically ill patients.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors related to the contrast-induced nephropathy(CIN)occurring after carotid artery stenting(CAS)in patients with carotid artery stenosis.Methods:The clinical data of 137 patients with carotid artery stenosis, who were treated with CAS at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University during the period from January to Decmber 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Record demographic characteristics (age, gender, height, weight), history of underlying diseases (hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, etc.), history of medications, etc. Observe the clinical parameters such as creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, albumin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, degree of stenosis and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Measurement data conforming to the normal distribution were expressed as the mean±standard deviation( ± s), and the t-test was used for comparison between groups; the measurement data that does not conform to the normal distribution were expressed as the median (interquartile range) [ M( Q1, Q3)], and the Rank-sum test was used for comparison between groups; the Chi-square test or Fisher exact test was used for comparison of count data between groups. Relevant variables were subjected to univariate analysis, and statistically significant indicators were selected according to the results of univariate analysis to be included in the multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results:After CAS, a total of 29 patients (21.2%) among the 137 patients developed CIN. Univariate analysis indicated that bilateral carotid artery stenosis, uncontrolled hypertension before surgery, history of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor drugs, diabetes mellitus, history of insulin drugs, eGFR<45 mL/(min·1.73 m 2), body weight were the influencing factors associated with the occurrence of CIN after CAS in patients with carotid artery stenting; multivariate regression analysis revealed that the presence of bilateral carotid artery stenosis( OR=4.724, 95% CI: 1.455-15.338, P=0.010), diabetes mellitus( OR=3.451, 95% CI: 1.345-8.858, P=0.010) and eGFR <45 mL/(min·1.73 m 2)( OR=4.582, 95% CI: 1.001-20.971, P=0.050) were the independent risk factors related to the CIN after CAS. Conclusion:Patients with the presence of bilateral carotid artery stenosis, diabetes mellitus or eGFR <45 mL/(min·1.73 m 2) are more likely to develop CIN after CAS.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors related to the hemodynamic instability occurring after carotid artery stenting(CAS) in elderly patients with carotid artery stenosis.Methods:The clinical data of 80 patients with carotid artery stenosis, who were treated with CAS at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University during the period from January 2018 to Decmber 2018, were retrospectively analyzed. Record demographic characteristics (age, gender, height, weight), history of underlying diseases (hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, heart failure, etc.), history of medications, etc. Observe the clinical parameters such as creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urine volume, input and output, albumin, hemoglobin, location of stenosis, and degree of stenosis. Measurement data conforming to the normal distribution were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation ( Mean± SD), and the t-test was used for comparison between groups; the measurement data that does not conform to the normal distribution were expressed as the median (interquartile range) [ M( P25, P75)] indicates that the rank sum test was used for comparison between groups; the Chi-square test was used for comparison of count data between groups. Relevant variables were subjected to single factor analysis, and statistically significant indicators were selected according to the results of single factor analysis to be included in the multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results:After CAS, a total of 37 patients among the 80 patients developed hemodynamic instability, the incidence rate was 46.25%. Univariate analysis indicated that the factors associated with the occurrence of postoperative hemodynamic instability included height , platelet count, ulceration plaque and the fluid intake in the first 24 hours after surgery; Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the presence of ulceration plaque ( OR=11.559, 95% CI: 1.232-108.495) and the fluid intake in the first 24 hours after surgery( OR=1.001, 95% CI: 1.000-1.001) were the independent risk factors related to the hemodynamic instability after CAS. Conclusion:Elderly patients with the presence of ulceration plaque before surgery are more likely to develop hemodynamic instability after CAS, and within 24 hours after surgery is a high-risk time period for hemodynamic instability.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of lower limb deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and the corresponding coagulation status in severe patients after thoracic surgery. METHODS: Severe patients after thoracic surgery who received mechanical prophylaxis of lower limb DVT between July 2016 and June 2018 were analysed retrospectively. Their general information, disease species, surgical treatment, and coagulation index were reviewed. RESULTS: Fifty patients were finally included. There were 34 male and 16 female, aging from 22 to 80 years. The incidence of DVT was 22.0%, all of them were isolated calf DVT. The incidence was 29.4% in male patients, while 6.3% in female; 23.5% in malignant diseases and 18.6% in benign. All coagulation index presented no statistical difference between patients with and without DVT, except activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). CONCLUSIONS Even on the basis of adequate mechanical prophylaxis, lower limb DVT is common in severe patients after thoracic surgery. Meanwhile, male patients and malignant diseases are more suscepted.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Coagulation ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lower Extremity ; blood supply ; Lung Neoplasms ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracic Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects ; Venous Thrombosis ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Young Adult

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of liver injury related to edaravone in treating patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods Among the AIS patients treated with edaravone in Vascular Surgery ICU of Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University from January 2014 to October 2017,9 patients were diagnosed as having liver injury associated with edaravone by active monitoring. The total number of patients treated with edaravone at the same period in Vascular Surgery ICU were obtained from the hospital information system and the incidence of liver injury associated with edaravone was calculated. The clinical data of the 9 patients were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results The incidence of liver injury associated with edaravone was 8.7% (9/103 ). The 9 patients included 6 males and 3 females. The age of the patients was 52-83 years and their average age was (65 ± 6)years. The time for the occurrence of liver injury was 3-9 days and the average time was (6 ± 2)days. The main manifestations of liver injury were increase of alanine aminotransferase (9 cases),aspartic aminotransferase (7 cases),alkaline phosphatase (4 cases),total bilirubin (2 cases),and accompanied by rash in 1 case. Using RUCAM scale,7 patients were classified as ＂highly probable＂ and 2 patients were classified as＂probable＂. Using ＂Grade of DILI severity＂＂ standard,all the 9 patients were diagnosed as ＂mild liver injury＂. After 4-13 days of edaravone withdrawal,8 patients had normal liver function and 1 case improved. Conclusions Edaravone might cause liver injury,mainly manifesting liver dysfunction. The degree of liver injury was mild,and the prognosis was good after timely intervention.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of liver injury related to edaravone in treating patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods Among the AIS patients treated with edaravone in Vascular Surgery ICU of Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University from January 2014 to October 2017,9 patients were diagnosed as having liver injury associated with edaravone by active monitoring. The total number of patients treated with edaravone at the same period in Vascular Surgery ICU were obtained from the hospital information system and the incidence of liver injury associated with edaravone was calculated. The clinical data of the 9 patients were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results The incidence of liver injury associated with edaravone was 8.7% (9/103 ). The 9 patients included 6 males and 3 females. The age of the patients was 52-83 years and their average age was (65 ± 6)years. The time for the occurrence of liver injury was 3-9 days and the average time was (6 ± 2)days. The main manifestations of liver injury were increase of alanine aminotransferase (9 cases),aspartic aminotransferase (7 cases),alkaline phosphatase (4 cases),total bilirubin (2 cases),and accompanied by rash in 1 case. Using RUCAM scale,7 patients were classified as ＂highly probable＂ and 2 patients were classified as＂probable＂. Using ＂Grade of DILI severity＂＂ standard,all the 9 patients were diagnosed as ＂mild liver injury＂. After 4-13 days of edaravone withdrawal,8 patients had normal liver function and 1 case improved. Conclusions Edaravone might cause liver injury,mainly manifesting liver dysfunction. The degree of liver injury was mild,and the prognosis was good after timely intervention.

A 73-year-old male patient underwent stent implanting of left iliac artery and recanalization of left superficial femoral artery due to atherosclerotic obliterans of artery of lower extremity and received IV push of 4 000 U unfractionated heparin( UFH)during the operation. On the operation day,the patient was transferred into Intensive Care Unit due to acute renal insufficiency caused by left perirenal hematoma and acute cardiac insufficiency. Laboratory examination showed the following values:hemoglobin 147 g/L,platelet count 113 × 109/L,serum creatinine 247 μmol/L,blood urea nitrogen 10. 6 mmol/L. On day 2 postoperation,he received non-heparin continuous renal replacement therapy on bed( the tubes were rinsed with UFH before hemodiafiltration and deep venous catheters were sealed with UFH during the hemodiafiltration). On day 3 postoperation, the patient's PLT dropped to 73 × 109/L. On day 5 postoperation,the temperature of his left foot decreased and the pulse of dorsal artery of his left foot disappeared. UFH was given intravenously at the rate of 500-625 U per hour. On day 7 postoperation,the patient's PLT suddenly dropped to 16 × 109/L,he developed skin cyanosis on his left lower limb and cyanoderma on his plantar. Vascular ultrasonography examination showed that thrombosis occurred on his left femoral vein and right internal jugular vein,occlusion appeared on his left superficial femoral artery. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis was considered. UFH was stopped immediately and intravenous argatroban was given and tube rinsing and sealing with UFH was replaced with saline in continuous renal replacement therapy. On day 12 postoperation,the PLT count increased to 121 × 109/L. However,the patient died of multiple organ failure at last.