Objective To evaluate the impact of Jixiong Jiedu decoction on the efficacy of diabetic kidney disease in mice and its influence on intestinal flora and trimethylamine oxide(TMAO)levels.Methods Twelve 7-week-old male db/db mice were randomly assigned to the model group or Jixiong Jiedu decoction group(6 mice per group),while 6 male db/m mice were designated as the control group.Following 8 weeks of continuous gavage,we monitored the body weight and blood glucose levels of the mice at weeks 0,4,and 8.Additionally,we assessed urinary microalbumin,kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1),creatinine(Scr),and urea nitrogen(BUN)levels in urine.Renal pathology was evaluated using HE and PAS staining.Furthermore,fecal samples underwent 16s RNA sequencing,and the serum TMAO levels were determined.Results Compared with the control group,the blood glucose,body weight,8-hour urinary microalbumin,KIM-1 and Scr in the model group were significantly increased,and the renal pathology showed that glomerular segmental mesangial matrix increased,glomerular volume hypertrophy and renal tubular epithelial cell swelling.The abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus in the model group was significantly increased(P<0.01).The abundance of Lachnospiraceae,Helicobacter and Oscillospira decreased significantly(P<0.01),the abundance of each bacterial group changed,and the serum TMAO content increased significantly.Compared with the model group,the 8h urinary microalbumin,KIM-1(P<0.01)and Scr(P<0.05)in the Jixiong Jiedu decoction group were significantly decreased,and there was no significant difference in BUN(P>0.05),and the renal pathological damage was significantly improved.The abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus in intestinal flora decreased significantly(P<0.01),while the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Oscillospira increased significantly(P<0.01,P<0.05).The structure of gut microbiota,the abundance of dominant and non-dominant bacteria were positively adjusted,and the serum TMAO content was significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion Jixiong Jiedu decoction effectively ameliorates intestinal flora disorders in db/db mice and regulates serum TMAO levels,thereby exerting a nephroprotective effect.

Objective To evaluate the impact of Jixiong Jiedu decoction on the efficacy of diabetic kidney disease in mice and its influence on intestinal flora and trimethylamine oxide(TMAO)levels.Methods Twelve 7-week-old male db/db mice were randomly assigned to the model group or Jixiong Jiedu decoction group(6 mice per group),while 6 male db/m mice were designated as the control group.Following 8 weeks of continuous gavage,we monitored the body weight and blood glucose levels of the mice at weeks 0,4,and 8.Additionally,we assessed urinary microalbumin,kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1),creatinine(Scr),and urea nitrogen(BUN)levels in urine.Renal pathology was evaluated using HE and PAS staining.Furthermore,fecal samples underwent 16s RNA sequencing,and the serum TMAO levels were determined.Results Compared with the control group,the blood glucose,body weight,8-hour urinary microalbumin,KIM-1 and Scr in the model group were significantly increased,and the renal pathology showed that glomerular segmental mesangial matrix increased,glomerular volume hypertrophy and renal tubular epithelial cell swelling.The abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus in the model group was significantly increased(P<0.01).The abundance of Lachnospiraceae,Helicobacter and Oscillospira decreased significantly(P<0.01),the abundance of each bacterial group changed,and the serum TMAO content increased significantly.Compared with the model group,the 8h urinary microalbumin,KIM-1(P<0.01)and Scr(P<0.05)in the Jixiong Jiedu decoction group were significantly decreased,and there was no significant difference in BUN(P>0.05),and the renal pathological damage was significantly improved.The abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus in intestinal flora decreased significantly(P<0.01),while the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Oscillospira increased significantly(P<0.01,P<0.05).The structure of gut microbiota,the abundance of dominant and non-dominant bacteria were positively adjusted,and the serum TMAO content was significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion Jixiong Jiedu decoction effectively ameliorates intestinal flora disorders in db/db mice and regulates serum TMAO levels,thereby exerting a nephroprotective effect.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the medication adherence of patients with hypertension in medication consultation clinics， and to analyze its influencing factors. METHODS The data of 389 patients who visited the medication consultation clinics of our hospital from June 2021 to June 2023 were collected. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the related factors affecting medication adherence of hypertensive patients or those receiving different types of drugs. RESULTS Among 389 patients with hypertension， 302 cases （77.63%） had good adherence. Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that higher education level [corrected OR＝2.25， 95%CI （1.29， 3.93）， P＝0.004] was positively correlated with medication adherence， average blood pressure level [corrected OR＝0.19， 95%CI （0.10， 0.37）， P＜0.001]， without complication [corrected OR＝0.47， 95%CI（0.26，0.84），P＝0.010] and antihypertensive drug regimen being free dose combination [corrected OR＝0.27，95%CI（0.15， 0.47）， P＜0.001] were negatively correlated with adherence. Results of univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that patients who used β-receptor blocking agents [OR＝1.65，95%CI（1.06，2.57），P＝0.027]， calcium channel blockers [OR＝2.13，95%CI（1.33， 3.42），P＝0.002] and agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system [OR＝2.04，95%CI（1.29，3.22），P＝0.002] had good medication adherence. CONCLUSIONS The medication adherence of hypertension patients needs to be improved. Hypertension patients with higher education level， lower average blood pressure level， complications and fixed-dose combination regimen and those who use agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system， calcium channel blockers and β-receptor blocking agents may have better medication adherence.

Objective:To investigate the surgical situations and perioperative outcome of pancreaticoduodenectomy in Jiangsu Province and the influencing factors for postoperative 90-day mortality.Methods:The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 2 886 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy in 21 large tertiary hospitals of Jiangsu Quality Control Center for Pancreatic Diseases, including The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, from March 2021 to December 2022 were collected. There were 1 732 males and 1 154 females, aged 65(57,71)years. Under the framework of the Jiangsu Provincial Pancreatic Disease Quality Control Project, the Jiangsu Quality Control Center for Pancreatic Diseases adopted a multi-center registration research method to establish a provincial electronic database for pancrea-ticoduodenectomy. Observation indicators: (1) clinical characteristics; (2) intraoperative and post-operative conditions; (3) influencing factors for 90-day mortality after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3) or M(IQR), and comparison between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were expressed as absolute numbers or constituent ratio, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test, continuity correction chi-square test and Fisher exact probability. Maximal Youden index method was used to determine the cutoff value of continuous variables. Univariate analysis was performed using the corresponding statistical methods based on data types. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Logistic multiple regression model. Results:(1) Clinical characteristics. Of the 2 886 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, there were 1 175 and 1 711 cases in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Of the 21 hospitals, 8 hospitals had an average annual surgical volume of <36 cases for pancreaticoduodenectomy, 10 hospitals had an average annual surgical volume of 36-119 cases, and 3 hospitals had an average annual surgical volume of ≥120 cases. There were 2 584 cases performed pancreaticoduodenectomy in thirteen hospitals with an average annual surgical volume of ≥36 cases, accounting for 89.536%(2 584/2 886)of the total cases. There were 1 357 cases performed pancrea-ticoduodenectomy in three hospitals with an average annual surgical volume of ≥120 cases, accounting for 47.020%(1 357/2 886) of the total cases. (2) Intraoperative and postoperative conditions. Of the 2 886 patients, the surgical approach was open surgery in 2 397 cases, minimally invasive surgery in 488 cases, and it is unknown in 1 case. The pylorus was preserved in 871 cases, not preserved in 1 952 cases, and it is unknown in 63 cases. Combined organ resection was performed in 305 cases (including vascular resection in 209 cases), not combined organ resection in 2 579 cases, and it is unknown in 2 cases. The operation time of 2 885 patients was 290(115)minutes, the volume of intra-operative blood loss of 2 882 patients was 240(250)mL, and the intraoperative blood transfusion rate of 2 880 patients was 27.153%(782/2 880). Of the 2 886 patients, the invasive treatment rate was 11.342%(327/2 883), the unplanned Intensive Care Unit (ICU) treatment rate was 3.087%(89/2 883), the reoperation rate was 1.590%(45/2 830), the duration of postoperative hospital stay was 17(11)days, the hospitalization mortality rate was 0.798%(23/2 882), and the failure rate of rescue data in 2 083 cases with severe complications was 6.529%(19/291). There were 2 477 patients receiving postoperative 90-day follow-up, with the 90-day mortality of 2.705%(67/2477). The total incidence rate of complication in 2 886 patients was 58.997%(1 423/2 412). The incidence rate of severe complication was 13.970%(291/2 083). The comprehensive complication index was 8.7(22.6) in 2 078 patients. (3) Influencing factors for 90-day mortality after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Results of multivariate analysis showed that age ≥ 70 years, postoperative invasive treatment, and unplanned ICU treatment were independent risk factors for 90-day mortality after pancreaticoduodenectomy ( odds ratio=2.403, 2.609, 16.141, 95% confidence interval as 1.281-4.510, 1.298-5.244, 7.119-36.596, P<0.05). Average annual surgical volume ≥36 cases in the hospital was an independent protective factor for 90-day mortality after pancreaticoduodenectomy ( odds ratio=0.368, 95% confidence interval as 0.168-0.808, P<0.05). Conclusions:Pancreaticoduodenectomy in Jiangsu Province is highly con-centrated in some hospitals, with a high incidence of postoperative complications, and the risk of postoperative 90-day mortality is significant higher than that of hospitallization mortality. Age ≥ 70 years, postoperative invasive treatment, and unplanned ICU treatment are independent risk factors for 90-day motality after pancreaticoduodenectomy, and average annual surgical volume ≥36 cases in the hospital is an independent protective factor.

Objective:To investigate the protection of Active Breathing Coordinator(ABC)technique for heart and its substructures in radiotherapy for left breast cancer.Methods:A total of 50 patients with left breast cancer who underwent radiotherapy in our department were retrospectively selected,and treatment plans with intensity modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)were designed on the images of ABC combined with deep inspiration breath hold(ABC-DIBH)computed tomography(CT)and free-breathing(FB)CT,respectively.The dose parameters of the organ at risks(OARs)of heart and its substructures,including left ventricle(LV),left atrium(LA),right ventricle(RV),right atrium(RA),left main coronary artery(LMCA),left anterior descending coronary artery(LAD),left circumflex coronary artery(LCX)and right coronary artery(RCA),were compared between the two conditions.Results:Compared with FB,the dose of 2%volume(D2),the mean dose(Dmean),the percent volumes covered by different doses(V30,V20,V10,V5)decreased respectively 32.91%(absolute reduction of 1279.11 cGy),36.12%(195.94cGy),58.95%(2.8%),54.32%(3.58%),50.14%(5.56%)and 46.22%(9.67%)of heart under ABC-DIBH condition,and the differences were significant(t=10.28,12.81,9.16,10.28,12.82,12.24,P＜0.01),respectively.In addition,the Dmean values of LV,LA,RV,RA,LMCA,LAD,LCX and RCA decreased by 37.64%(absolute reduction was 285.92 cGy),15.38%(23.68 cGy),34.12%(118.93cGy),9.72%(12.52 cGy),22.17%(47.99 cGy),31.81%(820.63 cGy),16.51%(34.72 cGy)and 14.86%(34.11cGy)under ABC-DIBH condition,respectively,the differences were significant(t=9.50,3.71,6.20,8.65,3.18,10.92,4.26,6.71,P＜0.05).Conclusion:ABC technique can greatly reduce the received doses of heart and its substructures by extending the distance between the heart and the target region with DIBH,thus can form a very effective protection for the heart and its substructures.In addition,it can eliminate the dynamic variation of target location of breast cancer caused by respiratory,and avoid a series of problems,such as target missing,overexposure on normal tissue,and dose deviation.

Objective::Older patients with comorbidity, such as coronary heart disease (CHD) and malignant gastrointestinal tumors, are at a high risk of bleeding events. However, risk prediction models based on risk factor assessment remain unclear. This study aimed to establish an individualized bleeding risk assessment system based on the analysis of 10-year inpatient clinical big data.Methods::Total clinical data of 56,819 patients with CHD and 25,988 patients with malignant digestive tract tumors (admitted from January 2008 to December 2017) were retrospectively collected at the First and Second Medical Centers of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital. Among them, 1307 patients with CHD and malignant digestive tract tumors were screened as the derivation cohort. The dependent variable was the occurrence of major clinical bleeding events. Baseline statistics and hypothesis tests of differences were performed for independent variables according to the occurrence of bleeding. Decision Tree, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), logistic regression, and random forest models were used for comparison. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) were applied as the criteria for evaluating and verifying model performance. To evaluate this developed model, another cohort comprising 454 patients (admitted from January 2018 to December 2019) was prospectively enrolled as the validation cohort based on the same inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results::Among the 64 variables with <50% missing values, the recursive feature elimination method with a random forest model was used to screen the selected variables. The highest accuracy was obtained following the selection of 10 scalars, and the final model was constructed accordingly. XGBoost demonstrated the best performance comprehensively. The AUC-ROC of this model was 0.981, with an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.939, 0.950, and 0.927, respectively. In the validation cohort, the AUC-ROC, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the XGBoost model were 0.702, 0.718, 0.636, and 0.725, respectively. The rate of major bleeding events has a positive correlation with the bleeding risk score quintiles. To allow for convenient clinical application, a smartphone application was developed for easy access and calculation (http://fir.master-wx.com/sghr).Conclusion::We successfully established a risk model and score for predicting bleeding events in older patients with comorbidity, such as CHD and gastrointestinal cancer.

Objective::Older patients with comorbidity, such as coronary heart disease (CHD) and malignant gastrointestinal tumors, are at a high risk of bleeding events. However, risk prediction models based on risk factor assessment remain unclear. This study aimed to establish an individualized bleeding risk assessment system based on the analysis of 10-year inpatient clinical big data.Methods::Total clinical data of 56,819 patients with CHD and 25,988 patients with malignant digestive tract tumors (admitted from January 2008 to December 2017) were retrospectively collected at the First and Second Medical Centers of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital. Among them, 1307 patients with CHD and malignant digestive tract tumors were screened as the derivation cohort. The dependent variable was the occurrence of major clinical bleeding events. Baseline statistics and hypothesis tests of differences were performed for independent variables according to the occurrence of bleeding. Decision Tree, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), logistic regression, and random forest models were used for comparison. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) were applied as the criteria for evaluating and verifying model performance. To evaluate this developed model, another cohort comprising 454 patients (admitted from January 2018 to December 2019) was prospectively enrolled as the validation cohort based on the same inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results::Among the 64 variables with <50% missing values, the recursive feature elimination method with a random forest model was used to screen the selected variables. The highest accuracy was obtained following the selection of 10 scalars, and the final model was constructed accordingly. XGBoost demonstrated the best performance comprehensively. The AUC-ROC of this model was 0.981, with an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.939, 0.950, and 0.927, respectively. In the validation cohort, the AUC-ROC, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the XGBoost model were 0.702, 0.718, 0.636, and 0.725, respectively. The rate of major bleeding events has a positive correlation with the bleeding risk score quintiles. To allow for convenient clinical application, a smartphone application was developed for easy access and calculation (http://fir.master-wx.com/sghr).Conclusion::We successfully established a risk model and score for predicting bleeding events in older patients with comorbidity, such as CHD and gastrointestinal cancer.

Objective To design a portable electroencephalography(EEG) acquisition system to acquire and analysis steady-state visual potentials (SSVEP). Methods The microprocessor MSP432P401 series MCU was used to control the high-performance integrated analog front end ADS1299 to realize the acquisition, amplification and analog-to-digital (AD) conversion of EEG signals. The digital EEG signal is sent to the host computer for processing by WIFI. Spontaneous EEG signals and steady-state visually evoked EEG signals from 3 healthy subjects were collected to verify system performance. Results The collected signal had a clear α-wave rhythm of closed-eye spontaneous EEG signals. The power spectrum density shows that the steady-state visually induced EEG signal frequency and harmonic frequency peak at the corresponding stimulation frequency, indicating that the system works normally and the performance is good. Conclusions The designed portable EEG acquisition system can accurately collect the spontaneous and induced EEG signals of the human body, which provides technical support for the clinical application of SSVEP technology.

Objective To design a mechanical arm assisted lumbar puncture ultrasound scanning system to realize automatic scanning imaging of the lumbar vertebrae and visualize the three-dimensional reconstruction of the acquired two-dimensional ultrasound image,so as to obtain the three-dimensional image of the scanning lumbar and provide a basis for path planning and assisted puncture.Methods The main control program of the robotic arm was programmed by C language which can control the robotic arm to scan the lumbar vertebrae of the patient by a clamped ultrasound.The acquired 2D ultrasound image was reconstructed and visualized using a VTK-based 3D reconstruction visualization program.The lumbar vertebrae model reconstruction was conducted by Enovo Medical Model in water and CIRS 034 lumbar vertebral phantom,respectively,and the experimental results were compared and analyzed.Results By using the lumbar puncture ultrasound scanning system,the obtained two-dimensional ultrasound image of the lumbar spine model was clear and the anatomy was basically complete.The results of three-dimensional reconstruction showed that the spinous processes and their gaps of the scanned lumbar model were clearly visible,and the structure was intact,indicating that the system was operating normally and could achieve the expected function.By comparing the reconstruction results of the bent-knee lateral position and prone position,it can be concluded that the body position has an important influence on the reconstruction results of the lumbar spine ultrasound image.The bent-knee lateral position should be used in the follow-up study of lumbar puncture.Conclusions A lumbar puncture ultrasound scanning system assisted by a mechanical arm was proposed.The system can effectively capture the clear ultrasound image of the model and realize the visualization of 3D reconstruction,which can provide a basis for puncture path planning and assisted puncture.

Objective To investigate the effect of bone flap reduction on unilateral acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) under intracranial pressure monitoring.Methods A retrospective case control study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 139 patients with unilateral ASDH admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from July 2014 to December 2017.There were 84 males and 55 females,aged 19-87 years (mean,53 years).At the time of admission,the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) was 3-5 points in 63 patients and 6-8 points in 76.There were 40 patients with unilateral cavity dilation and 16 cases with bilateral pupil dilation.According to the different surgical methods,the patients were divided into study group (n =61) and control group (n =78).The study group removed the cranial hematoma under cranial pressure monitoring and determined whether to perform bone flap reduction according to the actual intracranial pressure.The control group was treated with craniotomy hematoma removal and standard large bone decompressed craniectomy (DC).The success rate of bone flap reduction in the study group was recorded.The complications at postoperative 3 months and the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) at postoperative 6 months were compared.Results All patients were followed up for 1-6 months,average 5.5 months.In the study group,23 patients underwent bone flap reduction,and the bone flap reduction rate was 38％.At postoperative 3 months,the study group showed better efficacy in subdural effusion (9:25),hydrocephalus (7 ∶19),and brain swelling in the skull defect area(5 ∶ 18) than the control group (P ＜0.05).Based on the GOS at 6 months after operation,in the study group,25 patients were with good results,nine with moderate disability,10 with heavy disability,seven with plant survival,and 10 died;in the control group,six patients were with good results,21 with moderate disability,15 with heavy disability,10 with plant survival,and 26 died.The number of patients with good prognosis (good and moderate disability) and the number of deaths in the study group were statistically different from those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclsion In the treatment of unilateral ASDH,bone flap reduction under intracranial pressure monitoring can reduce the incidence of complications and improve the life quality of patients.