Owing to its inherent advantages—such as being non-destructive, rapid, highly molecule-specific, and minimally interfered with by moisture—Raman spectroscopy has been widely adopted in the fields of skin barrier function assessment, monitoring the transdermal penetration of active cosmetic ingredients, and the identification and quality control of cosmetic products. Despite these strengths, the practical application of this technique faces a significant bottleneck: the strong fluorescence background generated by endogenous skin components and exogenous cosmetic additives. Endogenous skin substances, such as structural proteins (e.g., collagen and elastin), metabolic coenzymes (e.g., nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), and pigments (e.g., melanin), together with exogenous cosmetic constituents like organic colorants, chemical sunscreens, and fragrances, often possess strong absorption and emission characteristics. When excited by lasers, these components produce a fluorescence background that can be 10⁶ to 10⁸ times stronger than the Raman scattering signals, effectively masking the inherently weak vibrational fingerprint information. In recent years, driven by the rapid development of optoelectronic hardware and artificial intelligence algorithms, fluorescence suppression strategies have evolved from isolated, single-method approaches into comprehensive, multi-level synergistic systems. These systems are categorized into three distinct tiers: sample preparation, signal acquisition, and data processing. At the sample preparation level, techniques such as photobleaching and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are employed to eliminate or bypass the generation of fluorescence at the source. At the signal acquisition level, instrumental improvements—including the use of long-wavelength near-infrared excitation (typically 785 nm or 1 064 nm), confocal spatial filtering, and shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS)— are utilized to physically isolate Raman signals from the fluorescence background. Furthermore, at the data processing level, numerical baseline correction methods such as polynomial fitting, penalized least squares (e.g., airPLS, arPLS), wavelet transform, and derivative algorithms are increasingly integrated into the analytical pipeline to extract Raman spectral features from mixed signals without increasing hardware costs or acquisition time. This review provides a systematic categorization and critical evaluation of these fluorescence suppression methods, detailing their underlying principles, technical advantages, and inherent limitations in diverse experimental setups. By focusing on critical application scenarios—including skin barrier assessment, percutaneous absorption monitoring, the routine quality control of cosmetics, and the emerging field of portable on-site detection—this paper explores the current state of technique selection and optimization. Finally, the article discusses future development trends, emphasizing the necessity of constructing adaptive, tiered suppression strategies, developing intelligent and automated data processing algorithms, and promoting the integration of portable, multi-modal diagnostic devices. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive technical reference to facilitate the transition of Raman spectroscopy from a specialized laboratory tool into a routine, robust analytical platform for advancements in skin science and cosmetic research.

Objective:To analyze the predictive role of WT1 expression levels pre-and early post-transplantation on relapse and overall survival(OS)in patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML)undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)during their first complete remission(CR1).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 107 adult AML patients who underwent allo-HSCT during their CR1 at our center between May 2012 and December 2021.The predictive role of bone marrow WT1 expression levels before transplantation and at 3 and 6 months post-transplantation on relapse and OS was explored in combination with relevant clinical factors.Results:The median follow-up time for the 107 patients was 70(range:11-117)months.Among the patients,15 cases died.Kaplan-Meier survial analysis showed that the 3-year overall survival(OS)rate was 85.0％.20 patients experienced relapse,with a median time to relapse of 8(range:0.5-44)months and a l-year cumulative relapse rate of 13.1％.The overall median value of WT1 before transplantation,3 months after transplantation,and 6 months after transplantation was 0.26％(range:0％-23.64％),with an upper quartile value of 0.74％.No statistically significant differences in WT1 expression levels were observed among the pre-transplantation,3-month post-transplantation,and 6-month post-transplantation time points(P=0.227).Univariate analysis showed that patients with WT1 levels＞0.74％at 3 months post-transplantation had a higher 1-year relapse rate(P=0.029)and lower 3-year OS rate(P＜0.001)compared to patients with WT1 levels ≤0.74％.Other significant factors affecting 1-year relapse included stem cell source(P=0.041)and chronic graft-versus-host disease(cGVHD)(P=0.013).For 3-year OS,additional influencing factors were genetic high risk(P=0.048)and stem cell source(P=0.016).Multivariate analysis revealed that WT1 level＞0.74％at 3 months post-transplantation had a trend to affect 1-year relapse rate(HR=3.309,95％CI:0.958-11.431,P=0.058),while the absence of cGVHD was an independent risk factor for 1-year relapse(HR=3.473,95％CI:0.749-16.100,P=0.037).Only WT1 level＞0.74％at 3 months post-transplantation was an independent risk factor for 3-year OS(HR=6.886,95％CI:2.402-19.738,P＜0.001).Conclusion:High WT1 expression level at 3 months post-transplantation in AML patients undergoing allo-HSCT during CR1 affects the 1-year relapse rate and 3-year OS,and is an independent risk factor affecting 3-year OS.These findings suggest that dynamic monitoring of WT1 expression levels has certain value in prognostic assessment of AML patients who received allo-HSCT during CR1.

Objective:To explore the predictive value of serum interleukin-6(IL-6)combined with Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)score and CHANGE risk score for post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI),and to provide a basis for early identification and intervention of high-risk patients.Methods:The general data of 200 patients with acute stroke who were admitted to our hospital from October 2022 to September 2024 were retrospectively analyzed,they were divided into PSCI group(49 cases)and non PSCI group(151 cases)based on whether PSCI occurred 3 months after acute stroke.The general data of two groups were compared,multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of PSCI,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to evaluate predictive efficiency of serum IL-6,MoCA score and CHANGE risk score for of PSCI.Results:There was a statistically significant difference in age and education level between the two groups(P＜0.05).The serum IL-6 level and CHANGE risk score in the PSCI group were higher than those in the non PSCI group,while the MoCA score was lower than that in the non PSCI group(P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression showed that elevated IL-6 levels(OR=1.851,P=0.001)and elevated CHANGE risk scores(OR=1.076,P=0.016)were independent risk factors of the occurrence of PSCI,while elevated in MoCA score(OR=0.806,P=0.001)was a protective factor(P＜0.05).IL-6 levels,MoCA scores and CHANGE risk scores have high predictive efficiency for the occurrence of PSCI,the area under the curve(AUC)for predicting occurrence of PSCI by the three alone were 0.783,0.825 and 0.857 respectively,the AUC for the combined detection of the three indicators was 0.912,significantly higher than that of each indicator detected separately.Conclusion:Elevated serum IL-6,decreased MoCA score and increased CHANGE risk score are risk factors for PSCI,the combined detection model of the three has the highest predictive efficiency for occurrence of PSCI and can provide scientific basis for early clinical intervention.

Persistent atrial fibrillation and other factors can cause mitral and tricuspid annular dilation and leaflet regurgitation,leading to severe functional mitral and tricuspid regurgitation.Patients often experience significant heart failure symptoms and poor prognosis.For patients with severe mitral or tricuspid regurgitation who are at high risk or contraindicated for surgical procedures,transbronchial repair(TEER)is an important alternative therapy that can effectively reduce valve regurgitation and improve cardiac function;Although there is a lack of large-scale data on atrial functional reflux,existing experience still shows that TEER can significantly reduce reflux and improve patients'quality of life.However,double valve intervention therapy poses challenges,especially when combined with TEER repair,which is technically more complex,time-consuming,and carries higher risks.Foreign data shows that simultaneous or staged double valve intervention can safely improve cardiac function and increase survival rates,but the optimal intervention strategy still needs further research.Due to the fact that tricuspid TEER devices have not yet been launched in China,only staged treatment can be adopted at present.This case report shows a patient with severe atrial functional mitral and tricuspid regurgitation who underwent staged transcatheter edge to edge repair surgery successfully.During a 1-year follow-up,bilateral valve regurgitation continued to improve,indicating that staged repair of bilateral atrioventricular valve regurgitation through the catheter margin is a feasible and effective treatment option.

Objective To compare the effects of different detector combinations of 320-row CT on the image quality and radiation dose of head CT to explore the feasibility of using a wide detector for head CT scanning.Methods Totally 100 patients underwent head CT scanning due to trauma or cerebrovascular disease at some hospital from June to August 2023 were collected prospectively and divided into group A and group B by using block randomization grouping method,with the length of the block group being 2 and 50 patients in each group.In group A,all the detectors had the widths at z-axis direction being 40×0.5 mm and head scanning was completed after multiple exposures;in group B,detector combinations with widths of 280×0.5 mm or 320×0.5 mm were chosen based on the patient's head size in the head-foot direction(z-axis direction),and head scanning was performed with a single-turn exposure.The remaining scanning and image reconstruction parameters in the two groups were kept completely consistent.The head image quality of the 2 groups was evaluated objectively and scored subjectively by 2 radiologists.The volume CT dose index(CTDIvol),dose length product(DLP)and exposure time of the 2 groups were recorded,and the effective dose(ED)was calculated.SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results In terms of objective evaluation of image quality,at the level of the parietal skull group B had the CT value of gray matter,image noise and contrast to noise ratio(CNR)of the images higher than those of group A,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05);at the level of the posterior skull group B had the CT values of gray and white matter,image noise and air noise lower while CNR higher than those of group A,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).In terms of subjective scoring of image quality,at the levels of parietal and posterior skull group A behaved better than group B,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).In group A 5 patients had obvious motion artifacts affecting the diagnosis and the image quality scores not higher than 2,and secondary scanning had to be carried out;In group B all the patients had no obvious motion artifacts and met the diagnosis requirements.When compared with group A Group B had the CTDIvol,DLP,ED and exposure time decreased by 17.44%,17.24%,17.48%and 85.53%,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Conclusion A wide detector gains advantages over a 20 mm detector in image quality when 320-row CT is used for head CT scanning,with the diagnosis requirements satisfied.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(4):57-62]

Objective To investigate the impacts of epidural anesthesia with ropivacaine combined with dezocine on lower limb motor nerve block and maternal and infant outcomes in primipara undergoing painless delivery.Methods A total of 159 primiparas who delivered in Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital were selected as the research objects,and divided into the blank group(53 cases),the ropivacaine group(53 cases)and the combined group(53 cases)by the random number table method.Parturients in the blank group were given natural delivery mode,parturients in the ropivacaine group were given ropivacaine epidural anesthesia,and parturients in the combined group were given dezocine anesthesia on the basis of ropivacaine.Analgesic effect at different time points,time of the first,second and third stage of labor,pressing times of analgesic pump,lower limbs motor nerve block,maternal and infant outcomes,and adverse reactions of parturients were compared among the three groups.Results At 10 minutes after analgesia,60 minutes after analgesia,when the cervix was fully dilated and when the fetus was delivered,the VAS scores of the parturients in the ropivacaine group and the combined group were lower than those in the blank group(P<0.05),and the VAS scores of the parturients in the combined group were significantly lower than those in the ropivacaine group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the time of the first,second or third stage of labor of parturients among the three groups(P>0.05);The pressing times of analgesic pump of parturients in the combined group was significantly less than that in the ropivacaine group(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in terms of low limb motor nerve block after painless labor of parturients among the three groups(P>0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the perineal incision rate or the Apgar scores of newborns at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth among the three groups(P>0.05).The usage rate of forceps and the rate of conversion to cesarean section in the combined group were significantly lower than those in the ropivacaine group and the blank group(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of total adverse reactions among the blank group,the ropivacaine group and the combined group(P>0.05).Conclusion The combination of ropivacaine and dezocine for epidural anesthesia has a better analgesic effect on primiparas with painless delivery,has a smaller impact on lower limb motor nerve block in parturients,and can achieve better maternal and infant outcomes.

Objective To explore the value of deep learning image reconstruction(DLIR)by comparing subjective and objec-tive evaluation of DLIR and adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction(ASIR-V)images in gastric cancer CT.Methods Abdominal CT images in the venous phase of 80 untreated patients with primary gastric cancer were included,and five CT reconstruction meth-ods of 50％ASIR-V,80％ASIR-V,DLIR-low(DLIR-L),DLIR-medium(DLIR-M)and DLIR-high(DLIR-H)were adopted,respec-tively.The objective evaluation included background standard deviation(SD),signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)values and pericancerous fat density resolution.The subjective evaluation included SD,overall image quality,the display of gastric cancer lesions,and diagnostic confidence in whether the serosal surface of the gastric wall was infiltrated.Results The subjective and objective evalua-tion indicators showed statistically significant differences among the five reconstruction models(P＜0.001).In terms of objective evalua-tion,the SD value of gastric cancer lesions in the DLIR-H was the lowest,while the SNR and CNR values were the highest among the five groups.In terms of subjective evaluation,the DLIR-M had the highest scores in gastric cancer lesions display,overall image quality and diagnostic confidence among the five groups.Conclusion Compared with ASIR-V,DLIR can significantly reduce image noise and improve image quality,and DLIR-M and DLIR-H are respectively the optimal subjective and objective reconstruction models for showing gastric cancer lesions.

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of total glucosides of paeony(TGP)on intestinal ischemia reperfusion(IIR)injury in rats based on Ras homolog gene family member A(RhoA)/Rho-related coiled-coil protein kinase 1(Rock1)pathway.Method:The IIR rat models were established by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 1 h,and the rats were randomly divided into Sham group,Model group,TGP group,TGP+Rhosin(RhoA inhibi-tor)group and TGP+LPA(RhoA agonistor)group,with 8 rats in each group.After 4 weeks of continuous administration once a day,the activity or level of intestinal barrier indexes[diamine oxidase(DAO),d-lactic acid(D-LA)and endotoxin(ET)]in plasma were detected by ELISA method,the wet/dry weight(W/D)ratio was calculated to evaluate the intestinal water content.The intestinal histopathological changes was observed by HE stainning,and the the degree of intestinal injury was evaluated by Chiu's score.The intestinal cells apoptosis was observed by TUNEL method.The inflammatory factors[tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-18(IL-18)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)]in serum were detected by ELISA method.The oxidative stress indexes[malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)]in serum were measured by spectrophotometry method.The expression of RhoA,ROCK1,nuclear factor-κB p65(NF-κB p65),hypoxia induciblefactor-1α(HIF-1α),zonula occludens protein-1(ZO-1),Occludin proteins were detected by Western blot method.Result:Compared with Model group,the activity of DAO and the content of D-LA,ET in plasma of TGP group and TGP+Rhosin group were significantly decreased,the W/D of intestinal were significantly decreased(P<0.05).The intestinal histopathological changes were significantly improved,the Chiu's score and cell poptosis index were significantly decreased(P<0.05).The content of TNF-α,IL-18,IL-1β,MDA in serum were significantly decreased,the activity of SOD,CAT were significantly increased(P<0.05).The expression of RhoA,ROCK1,NF-κB p65 proteins in in-testine tissue were significantly decreased,the expression of HIF-1α,ZO-1,Occludin proteins were significantly in-creased(P<0.05).Compared with TGP group,Rhosin significantly enhanced the effects of TGP on various detection indi-cators in IIR rats(P<0.05),while LPA significantly weakened the aforementioned effects of TGP(P<0.05).Conclusion:TGP could inhibiting inflammation,oxidative stress and improving intestinal barrier function by down-regulating RhoA/ROCK1 pathway,thus playing protective role against IIR injury in rats.

Objective To explore the correlation between fasting blood glucose(FBG)level and fractional flow reserve(FFR)in patients with borderline coronary artery disease,and to clarify its potential influence on FFR measurement.Methods From August 2020 to August 2023,the data of 135 patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease who received coronary angiography and FFR evaluation in the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University were retrospectively collected.According to the exclusion and inclusion criteria,85 cases of borderline diseased vessels of single coronary artery with stenosis degree of 50％-80％were screened out,and they were divided into FBG≥6.1 mmol/L group(47 cases)and FBG＜6.1 mmol/L group(38 cases).The baseline data,angiographic and functional indexes of the two groups were compared,and the correlation between FBG and FFR was analyzed.Results Compared with the FBG＜6.1 mmol/L group,the FBG≥6.1 mmol/L group had a higher proportion of FFR negative results(72.3％vs.23.7％,P＜0.001),and the FFR measurement values were generally increased[0.84(0.80,0.90)vs.0.75(0.68,0.80),P＜0.001],with statistically significant differences.Pearson correlation analysis was performed on all lesions,and FFR＞0.80(negative result)was positively correlated with FBG≥6.1 mmol/L(r=0.484,P＜0.001).Conclusions Among the patients with borderline coronary artery disease(50％-80％stenosis)included in this study,FBG≥6.1 mmol/L is significantly correlated with FFR＞0.80.For patients with borderline coronary lesions with elevated FBG,the influence of blood glucose factors should be carefully considered in clinical interpretation of FFR results.

Objective To develop a novel type of transparent simulation manikin as a surgical training model to meet the surgical treatment demand on the medical train.Methods A transparent manikin was developed with the steps of basic data collection,motherboard design and manufacture and module production and assembly.Firstly,basic data collection was carried out with reference to standardized human anatomy and parameters.Secondly,some software such as UG NX7.5 was used to construct the motherboard of the manikin.Finally,module production and assembly were performed with the materials of acrylic,transparent rubber,silicone and hydrogel and the technology of silicone infusion.Results The transparent manikin developed had its anatomy structure close to that of the real body and high visuality for its internal and external components,which simulated a variety of war wounds and thus could be integrated with the surgical training scenarios on the medical train effectively.Conclusion The transparent manikin developed is characterized by high visuality,modularity and blood flow,and meets the demands for surgical training on the medical train.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(6):111-115]