Malignant tumors represent a major threat to global health. Conventional anti-tumor pharmacotherapy often encounters challenges such as drug resistance, highlighting an urgent need for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Fatty acid synthase (FASN), the key enzyme catalyzing de novo fatty acid synthesis, is subject to precise regulation at multiple levels, including transcriptional control, various post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination and phosphorylation, as well as modulation by diverse signaling pathways. Recent studies have revealed that FASN is aberrantly overexpressed in various malignant tumors and is closely associated with tumor progression and poor patient prognosis. FASN is a homodimer composed of seven functional domains that catalyzes the NADPH-dependent condensation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA to generate saturated fatty acids, primarily palmitic acid. Its stability is regulated by multiple ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes. Additionally, FASN is subject to upstream regulation via neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 8 (Nedd8) modification and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, thereby establishing a metabolic-signaling positive feedback loop. As a core executor of metabolic reprogramming, FASN promotes tumorigenesis through dual mechanisms. First, its fatty acid synthesis product, palmitate, participates in membrane phospholipid synthesis, lipid raft formation, and protein palmitoylation, thereby activating several key oncogenic signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, wingless-type MMTV integration site family member (Wnt)/β‑catenin, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), leading to tumor development and progression. Second, FASN plays a pivotal role in modulating the anti-tumor functions of immune cells and remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment. Specifically, FASN enhances immune checkpoint inhibition by inducing programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) palmitoylation, suppresses the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, and promotes the polarization of M2-type macrophages, consequently facilitating tumor immune evasion and malignant progression. Precisely due to its significant overexpression in tumor cells, its critical functional role, and its differential expression compared to normal cells, FASN has emerged as a highly promising target for anti-tumor drug development. Highly selective small-molecule inhibitors, notably represented by TVB-2640, have advanced to clinical trial stages and demonstrated favorable anti-tumor activity. Furthermore, the combination of FASN inhibitors with other chemotherapeutic agents or targeted drugs can overcome the limitations of monotherapy through synergistic effects or by resensitizing tumor cells to conventional drugs, achieving a “1+1>2” therapeutic outcome. With the advancement of modern traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), numerous active ingredients derived from TCM have been confirmed to exert anti-tumor effects by modulating FASN-related pathways. This integrated approach leverages the precision of Western medicine while simultaneously harnessing the holistic regulatory benefits of TCM to alleviate the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite the promising prospects of FASN-targeted therapies, challenges remain, including tumor cell metabolic plasticity, tumor context-dependent responses, and heterogeneity. This review systematically summarizes the molecular structure, physiological functions, and mechanisms of FASN in tumorigenesis, as well as recent advances in targeted therapies. Future directions—including the precise identification of responsive patient populations using spatial transcriptomics, the development of novel combination regimens, and the active exploration of integrative strategies combining traditional Chinese and Western medicine—will facilitate the clinical translation of FASN-targeted therapies and open new avenues for improving the quality of life and prognosis of cancer patients.

Owing to its inherent advantages—such as being non-destructive, rapid, highly molecule-specific, and minimally interfered with by moisture—Raman spectroscopy has been widely adopted in the fields of skin barrier function assessment, monitoring the transdermal penetration of active cosmetic ingredients, and the identification and quality control of cosmetic products. Despite these strengths, the practical application of this technique faces a significant bottleneck: the strong fluorescence background generated by endogenous skin components and exogenous cosmetic additives. Endogenous skin substances, such as structural proteins (e.g., collagen and elastin), metabolic coenzymes (e.g., nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), and pigments (e.g., melanin), together with exogenous cosmetic constituents like organic colorants, chemical sunscreens, and fragrances, often possess strong absorption and emission characteristics. When excited by lasers, these components produce a fluorescence background that can be 10⁶ to 10⁸ times stronger than the Raman scattering signals, effectively masking the inherently weak vibrational fingerprint information. In recent years, driven by the rapid development of optoelectronic hardware and artificial intelligence algorithms, fluorescence suppression strategies have evolved from isolated, single-method approaches into comprehensive, multi-level synergistic systems. These systems are categorized into three distinct tiers: sample preparation, signal acquisition, and data processing. At the sample preparation level, techniques such as photobleaching and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are employed to eliminate or bypass the generation of fluorescence at the source. At the signal acquisition level, instrumental improvements—including the use of long-wavelength near-infrared excitation (typically 785 nm or 1 064 nm), confocal spatial filtering, and shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS)— are utilized to physically isolate Raman signals from the fluorescence background. Furthermore, at the data processing level, numerical baseline correction methods such as polynomial fitting, penalized least squares (e.g., airPLS, arPLS), wavelet transform, and derivative algorithms are increasingly integrated into the analytical pipeline to extract Raman spectral features from mixed signals without increasing hardware costs or acquisition time. This review provides a systematic categorization and critical evaluation of these fluorescence suppression methods, detailing their underlying principles, technical advantages, and inherent limitations in diverse experimental setups. By focusing on critical application scenarios—including skin barrier assessment, percutaneous absorption monitoring, the routine quality control of cosmetics, and the emerging field of portable on-site detection—this paper explores the current state of technique selection and optimization. Finally, the article discusses future development trends, emphasizing the necessity of constructing adaptive, tiered suppression strategies, developing intelligent and automated data processing algorithms, and promoting the integration of portable, multi-modal diagnostic devices. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive technical reference to facilitate the transition of Raman spectroscopy from a specialized laboratory tool into a routine, robust analytical platform for advancements in skin science and cosmetic research.

Patients with lung cancer experience a heavy symptom burden during the perioperative period, which seriously affects their recovery and quality of life. Traditional symptom management models rely mainly on scheduled ward rounds during hospitalization and outpatient follow-up after discharge. However, they have limitations such as delayed symptom recognition, lack of post-discharge monitoring, and non-quantitative symptom assessment, which often lead to delayed interventions and low patient satisfaction. In recent years, the symptom management model based on electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePRO) has been increasingly valued in clinical practice. Existing high-level evidence from both domestic and international studies indicates that, through proactive monitoring, real-time alerts, and remote interventions, this model enables dynamic and continuous symptom management and helps improve patient recovery and healthcare experience. As a supplement to routine medical care, the ePRO-based symptom management model aims to enhance the quality of care rather than replace existing medical processes. To promote the standardized application of this model in perioperative lung cancer care, this consensus integrates domestic and international evidence. After multiple rounds of voting by more than 50 experts, it formulates 12 consensus statements covering the three core components, symptom monitoring, alerting, and intervention, to provide scientific and practical recommendations for clinical practice.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

AIM To investigate the effects of Changpu Yujin Decoction(CPYJD)on striatal mitophagy and PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway in a rat model of Tourette syndrome(TS).METHODS Thirty-six SPF male SD rats were randomly assigned to the control group(n=9)and the TS modeling group(n=27).Rats in the modeling group received daily intraperitoneal injections of 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile(IDPN)(300 mg/kg)for 7 consecutive days to establish the TS model.Post-modeling,successfully induced TS rats were re-randomized into model group(no treatment),tiapride group(47.91 mg/kg)and CPYJD group(77.28 g/kg).All groups received their respective interventions via intragastric administration daily for 28 days.Following drug administration,behavioral scores were assessed in each group.Pathological alterations in the striatum were examined using HE staining,while ultrastructural changes were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Neuronal apoptosis was quantified via TUNEL staining,and ROS levels in striatum were measured by ELISA.Co-localization of PINK1 and LC3B was assessed using immunofluorescence(IF).Finally,mRNA and protein expressions of PINK1,Parkin,Beclin-1,P62 and LC3B(LC3B-Ⅱ/Ⅰ ratio)were analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blot.RESULTS Compared to the control group,the model group demonstrated significantly increased behavioral scores(P＜0.01),elevated neuronal apoptosis rate and higher ROS levels in the striatum(P＜0.01);severe neuronal and mitochondrial damage in the striatum;significantly reduced mRNA and protein expressions of PINK1,Parkin,Beclin-1 and LC3B(LC3B-Ⅱ/Ⅰ ratio)in the striatum(P＜0.01);markedly upregulated P62 mRNA and protein expressions(P＜0.01).Compared to the model group,both the tiapride and CPYJD intervention groups exhibited significantly reduced behavioral scores(P＜0.01);decreased neuronal apoptosis rate and lower ROS levels(P＜0.01);improved pathological alterations in the striatal neurons and mitochondria;increased mRNA and protein expressions of PINK1,Parkin and Beclin-1 in the striatum(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);and decreased P62 mRNA and protein expressions(P＜0.01).Furthermore,the rats in the CPYJD group specifically showed elevated LC3B mRNA level and LC3B-Ⅱ/Ⅰ protein ratio in striatum(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION The effect of CPYJD intervention in TS rats may involve activation of mitophagy through regulation of the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway,improving mitochondrial function,reducing ROS levels,and thereby protecting neurons.

Objective:To explore the effect of SPOC combined with PBL teaching mode based on post competence in the training of pediatric resident physicians.Methods:Sixty trainees who participated in the standardized residency training for pediatric healthcare in the Department of Pediatrics of our hospital from Jan 2020 to Dec 2022 were selected.Based on different teaching plans,they were divided into the control group and the observation group,with 30 trainees in each group.The control group received PBL teaching mode and the observation group received SPOC combined with PBL teaching mode based on post competence.A comprehensive assessment of the participants was conducted through theoretical knowledge and practical skills scores,self-evaluation of post competence before and after standardized training,and subjective evaluation questionnaires of training methods.Results:The scores of theoretical knowledge and practical skills,and total score in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).After standardized training,both groups showed a significant improvement in self-assessment scores in clinical basic competence,professional spirit and quality,and doctor-patient communication skills compared with before standardized training(P＜0.05),and the above scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The self-assessed total score of post competence after standardized training was positively correlated with the total score of subjective evaluation questionnaire(r=0.546,P＜0.05)and showed no significant correlation with the students'exam scores(P＞0.05).Conclusions:The SPOC combined with PBL teaching mode based on post competence demonstrates promising prospects in the training of pediatric resident physicians.Under this new mode,trainees exhibit superior mastery of theoretical knowledge,application of practical skills,and development of post competence.

Objective To investigate the CT and MRI findings of rhabdomyosarcoma(RMS).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on CT and/or MRI data of 19 cases of pathologically confirmed RMS.The growth location,morphology,density/sig-nal intensity,enhancement pattern,and infiltration scope of the lesions were analyzed.Results Among the 19 patients,12 lesions were located in the head and neck regions(sinuses,nasal cavity,masseter muscle,infratemporal fossa,nasopharynx,and gum),2 in the lower extremities,1 in the left heart,1 in the mediastinum,1 in the prostate,1 in the testicle,and 1 in the pelvis.On CT scans,the lesions appeared as homogeneously iso-or hypodensity compared to the muscle,with homogeneous or inhomogeneous enhancement on contrast-enhanced scans.On MRI,the lesions exhibited iso-or hypointense signals on T1WI and inhomogeneous hyperintense signals on T2WI,with inhomogeneous enhancement on contrast-enhanced scans.All lesions had irregular morphologies but clear boundaries,and no calcification or hemorrhage was observed within the lesions.Lesions in the sinuses often invaded adjacent sinus cavities or the nasal cavity and orbit,and some lesions could involve the intracranial cavity through the cranial base foramina.Bone destruction could occurred.Regional lymph node enlargement in the drainage area was observed in some cases.One case exhibited multiple osseous metastases.Conclusion RMS can occur in various parts of the body,with the head and neck being the most common site.Most cases lack specificity,but CT and MRI is helpful to understand the location of the disease,its invasion of surrounding tissues,and the presence of metastasis,thereby assisting in treatment and prognosis evaluation.

Objective To explore the debridement effects of 3 types of plasma scalpels for the animal model of explosion injury,and to compare them with the steel scalpel and high-frequency electrosurgical scalpel.Methods Firstly,blast wounds were constructed in the right inguinal regions of 9 Landrace pigs by high-pressure gas impact combined with preset metal shrapnel.Secondly,debridement was carried out in experimental groups with wide-,arrow-or needle-type plasma scalpel and in control groups with steel and high-frequency electrisurgical scalpel,with the operating temperature and debridement time recorded during the procedure and trauma specimens analyzed pathologically after the debridement;comparisons were performed among the five types of scalpels in terms of debridement effect,and among the four ones in terms of maximum operating temperature and depth of tissue thermal damage under electrocutaneous cutting and electrocoagulation modes with the steel scalpel excluded because it did not generate any heat.GraphPad Prism 9.5.1 software was used for statistical analysis.Results There were no significant differences in debridement effect found between the three plasma scalpels and the steel and high-frequency electrosurgical scalpels(P＞0.05).The three types of plasma scalpels had the maximum operating temperature lower significantly than that of the high-frequency electrosurgical scalpel during debridement(P＜0.05).Under electrosection and electrocoagulation modes the three plasma scalpels had the depths of tissue thermal damage statistically less than that by the high-frequency electrosurgical scalpel under electrosection and electrocoagulation modes(P＜0.05).The depths of tissue thermal damage by the four scalpels under electrocoagulation mode were obviously greater than those under electrosection mode(P＜0.05).Conclusion Multi shapes of plasma scalpels behave well in debridement with low operating temperature,little tissue thermal damage and high efficiency for wound protection and the same efficacy with the steel scalpel and high-frequency electrosur-gical scalpel.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(2):31-38]

Chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T cell therapy has made a major breakthrough in the treatment of hematological malignancies.However,more and more studies have shown that factors such as T-cell exhaustion,tumor antigen modulation,immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment,and CAR-T cell dysfunction can lead to relapse and CAR-T cell resistence in hematologic malignancies.Developing dual-targeted CAR-T cells,exploring new immune targets,blocking CAR-T cell exhaustion,combining CAR-T cells with other therapies,implementing bridging therapies,and designing novel immunotherapies may be strategies to address CAR-T cell resistance.This article reviews the mechanisms of resistance to CAR-T cell therapy in hematological malignancies and the corresponding coping strategies.

Objective:To explore the clinical value of plasma von Willebrand factor antigen(VWF:Ag)and VWF activity(VWF:GPIbM)based on ABO blood group in the risk assessment of deep vein thrombosis(DVT).Methods:A total of 163 patients with DVT who sought medical treatment from March 2021 to December 2022 were selected as the case group,and 135 healthy volunteers during the same period were selected as the control group.The differences of ABO blood groups,plasma VWF:Ag and VWF:GPIbM levels between the two groups were compared.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to evaluate the clinical value of VWF testing in predicting DVT events.Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify risk factors for DVT.Results:The levels of plasma VWF:Ag and VWF:GPIbM in the DVT group were significantly higher than those in the control group both overall and across ABO blood type subgroups(P＜0.01).Within the DVT group,the levels of plasma VWF:Ag and VWF:GPIbM in patients with non-O blood type were significantly higher than those with blood type O[VWF:Ag:219.74％±63.64％vs 162.21％±56.03％,P＜0.01;VWF:GPIbM:228.10％(185.15％,249.10％)vs 148.25％(116.48％,225.48％),P＜0.01].The area under the ROC curve(AUC)of VWF:Ag for predicting DVT events was 0.855,with a cut-off value of 142.4％,sensitivity of 82.2％and specificity of 72.6％;the AUC of VWF:GPIbM was 0.861,with a cut-off value of 141.2％,sensitivity of 84.7％,and specificity of 71.1％.Univariate analysis showed that both VWF:Ag and VWF:GPIbM were influencing factors for DVT events(P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that VWF:Ag＞142.4％(OR=13.961,95％CI:7.654-25.464,P＜0.01)and VWF:GPIbM＞141.2％(OR=17.615,95％CI:9.155-33.892,P＜0.01)were independent risk factors for DVT events.Conclusion:Levels of VWF:Ag and VWF:GPIbM are significantly elevated in non-O blood type DVT patients.VWF:Ag＞142.4％and VWF:GPIbM＞141.2％are independent risk factors for DVT events.VWF testing based on ABO blood group aids in the precision prevention and control of DVT.