With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective: To investigate the frequency characteristics and the pathological characteristics of the horizontal crista ampullaris in patients with Meniere's disease,and to analyse its structural basis. Methods: Between March, 2019 and November, 2019, seventy-two patients diagnosed as Meniere's disease (27 males and 45 females, aged from 13 to 74 years, with a course of disease ranging from 4 months to 32 years)in Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital were included.Caloric test, sinusoidal harmonic acceleration test (SHA), video-head impulse test (v-HIT), Gadolinium-enhanced inner-ear 3D-FLAIR MRI and pure tone audiometry were conducted in the patients. The function of the horizontal semicircular canal in these patients were analysed as well as its relationship with the degree of endolymphatic hydrops,clinical stage and duration. Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the ultrastructure of horizontal semicircular canal crista ampullaris from six patients with refractory Meniere's disease who underwent labyrinthectomy. The number of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ vestibular hair cells, the common pathophysiological changes of horizontal semicircular canal crista ampullaris were investigated in these patients. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 19.0. Results: With the increase of detection frequency, the abnormal rate decreased gradually. The abnormal rate of caloric test was 69.4% (50/72), SHA 51.4% (37/72), V-HIT 36.1% (26/72), comparation of the positive rate among the three tests showed statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Neither caloric test nor SHA had correlation with the degree of hydrops(P>0.05), but v-HIT(r=0.434,P<0.01).There was correlation with clinical stage to SHA and v-HIT(r=0.338,0.462,P<0.01), except caloric test(P>0.05).No significant relation was found with caloric test, SHA, v-HIT and course of disease(P>0.05).Morphological observation found abnormal monolayer epithelialization of the horizontal semicircular canal crista ampullaris significantly decreased number of type Ⅱ hair cells compared with type Ⅰhair cells. Hair cells showed perinuclear vacuolization, cytoplasmic vacuoles, mitochondrial electron density increasement and loss of stereocilia. Conclusions: The horizontal semicircular canal damage in the patients with Meniere's disease has a frequency-dependent characteristic, mainly occurres in low frequency area. With progress of the disease, the high frequency area of ampulla will be impaired gradually, and it is related to the degree of endolymphatic hydrops and hearing level. Hair cell injury would be observed,the frequency characteristics may be more associated with the disorder of type Ⅱ hair cells.
Caloric Tests ; Endolymphatic Hydrops ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meniere Disease ; Semicircular Canals ; Semicircular Ducts

The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT), which serves as a hub, receives dense projections from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and projects to the lateral division of central amygdala (CeL). The infralimbic (IL) cortex plays a crucial role in encoding and recalling fear extinction memory. Here, we found that neurons in the PVT and IL were strongly activated during fear extinction retrieval. Silencing PVT neurons inhibited extinction retrieval at recent time point (24 h after extinction), while activating them promoted extinction retrieval at remote time point (7 d after extinction), suggesting a critical role of the PVT in extinction retrieval. In the mPFC-PVT circuit, projections from IL rather than prelimbic cortex to the PVT were dominant, and disrupting the IL-PVT projection suppressed extinction retrieval. Moreover, the axons of PVT neurons preferentially projected to the CeL. Silencing the PVT-CeL circuit also suppressed extinction retrieval. Together, our findings reveal a new neural circuit for fear extinction retrieval outside the classical IL-amygdala circuit.

【Objective】 To investigate the role of transnasal ileus tube combined with somatostatin in the treatment of early postoperative inflammatory small bowel obstruction(EPISBO) in elderly patients with gastrointestinal tumor. 【Methods】 A total of 107 elderly patients with EPISBO after gastrointestinal tumor surgery were enrolled into this retrospective study. According to adopted treatment plan, they were divided into two groups: the observation group treated with transnasal ileus tube combined with somatostatin and the control group treated with nasogastric tube combined with somatostatin. Then we compared the therapeutic efficacy and adverse reactions between the two groups. 【Results】 The response rate was 98.21% in the observation group, significantly higher than 86.27% in the control group(χ²=3.910, P<0.05). Compared with those in the control group, in the observation group, we found significantly larger amounts of abdominal circumference reduction and gastrointestinal decompression in the first 48 h(P<0.05); significantly earlier stoppage of vomiting, first passage of flatus, self-defecation, disappearance of air fluid level and significantly shorter post-obstruction duration of hospitalization(P<0.05). After 8-day treatment, the inflammatory indicators was significantly decreased(P<0.05). No significant difference was found in incidence of adverse reactions between the two group(χ²= 1.874, P>0.05) . 【Conclusions】 The transnasal ileus tube combined with somatostatinis effective and safe in the treatment of EPISBO in elderly patients with gastrointestinal tumor, so it is worth popularizing in clinic.

OBJECTIVETo observe monocyte (Mo) development in wild type C57BL/6 mice and apoE gene knockout (apoE(-/-)) mice, and to evaluate the immuno-regulatory effect of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HJD) on peripheral Mo development in apoE(-/-) mice.

METHODSFour, 8, 12, and 16 weeks old female C57BL/6 mice were set up as control groups of different ages, while 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks old female apoE(-/-) mice were set up as hyperlipidemia groups of different ages. Four-week old female C57BL/6 mice were recruited as a blank group. Four-week old female apoE(-/-) mice were randomly divided into the control group, the Western medicine group, and the Chinese medicine group by paired comparison, 5 in each group. Equivalent clinical dose was administered to mice according to body weight. Mice in the Western medicine group were administered with Atrovastatin at the daily dose of 10 mg/kg by gastrogavage, while those in the Chinese medicine group were administered with HJD at the daily dose of 5 g/kg by gastrogavage. Body weight was detected each week. After 4 weeks blood lipids levels (such as TG, TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C), and the proportions of Mo and Ly6c(hi) were detected.

RESULTSCompared with 4-week-old homogenic mice, the proportion of Mo decreased in 16-week-old C57BL/6 mice (P < 0.05). Levels of TC and TG, and the proportion of Ly6c(hi) subtype increased, but the proportion of Mo de- creased in 8-week-old apoE(-/-) mice (P <0. 05). Levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C increased in 12-week-old apoE(-/-) mice (P < 0.05). Levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C increased in 16-week-old apoE(-/-) mice (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with 8-week-old homogenic mice, the proportion of Mo decreased in 16-week-old C57BL/6 mice (P < 0.05); levels of TC and LDL-C increased in 12-week-old apoE(-/-) mice (P < 0.05); levels of TC and HDL-C increased in 16-week-old apoE(-/-) mice (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with C57BL/6 mice of the same age, TC and TG increased, HDL-C decreased (P < 0.01) in 4-and 8-week-old apoE(-/-) mice (P < 0.01); levels of TC, TG, LDL-C increased, and HDL-C level decreased in 12- and 16-week-old apoE(-/-) mice (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); the proportion of Mo increased in 4-week-old apoE(-/-) mice (P < 0.05); proportions of Mo and Ly6c(hi) increased in 8-week-old apoE(-/-) mice (P < 0.05). Compared with the blank control group, levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C, proportions of Mo and Ly6c(hi) increased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), but HDL-C level decreased (P <0. 01) in the control group after intervention. Compared with the control group, body weight gained less in the Western medicine group and the Chinese medicine group (P < 0.05); the proportion of Ly6c(hi) subtype decreased in the Chinese medicine group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSIn development process blood lipids levels in apoE(-/-) mice are not only associated with age. Blood lipids levels induced growth changes in natural immune system are also correlated with age. In early stage of lipids development HJD intervention could correct this special immune disorder in apoE(-/-) mice.

Animals ; Apolipoproteins E ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Hyperlipidemias ; Lipids ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Monocytes ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo elucidate the effect of targeted gene modulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARg) on hepatocellular apoptosis in nutritional fibrotic steatohepatitis in mice. C57BL/6J mice were fed with high fat, methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet for 8 weeks to induce fibrotic steatohepatitis. Mice fed the MCD diet were treated with adenovirus carrying PPARg (Ad-PPARg), adenovirus-beta-galactosidase (Ad-LacZ), Ad-PPARg plus PPARg agonist rosiglitazone, or PPARg antagonist 2-chloro-5-nitro- benzanilide (GW9662), respectively. H and E stain was performed for observation of hepatocellular apoptosis, hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in the liver sections. The expression levels of mRNA and protein of PPARg and apoptosis related genes, Fas, Fas Ligand (FasL), B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and cysteine-containing aspartate-specific proteases-3 (caspase-3) were detected by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot assay, respectively.

RESULTSMice fed with MCD diet for 8 weeks showed severe hepatic injury including steatosis, hepatocellular apoptosis, inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis, concomitancy with enhanced expression of pro-apoptosis genes, Fas, FasL, Bax and caspase-3 and increased expression of anti-apoptosis gene Bcl-2, by comparing with the control group. The mRNA expression levels of these genes were 3.59+/-0.35 vs 1.11+/-0.37, 4.37+/-1.03 vs 1.09+/-0.33, 4.27+/-0.48 vs 1.03+/-0.10, 4.93+/-0.67 vs 1.12+/-0.24 and 3.95+/-0.34 vs 1.20+/-0.19, and LSD-t values were 2.49, 3.28, 3.25, 3.80 and 2.75, as compared with the control group, P is less than 0.01; the protein expression levels were 1.96+/-0.07 vs 0.45+/-0.07, 0.53+/-0.07 vs 0.22+/-0.02, 1.32+/-0.06 vs 0.59+/-0.03, 1.51+/-0.23 vs 0.36+/-0.09 and 0.57+/-0.01 vs 0.29+/-0.01, and LSD-t values were 1.51, 0.31, 0.73, 1.14 and 0.28, P is less than 0.01. Administration of PPARg agonist rosiglitazone and/or Ad-PPARg significantly ameliorated hepatic steatosis, hepatocellular apoptosis, necro inflammation and fibrosis. These effects were associated with repressed expression of pro-apoptosis genes and up-regulated expression of anti-apoptosis gene. After rosiglitazone treatment, the mRNA expression levels were 3.78+/-0.58, 3.66+/-0.83, 3.04+/-0.37, 2.54+/-0.62 and 4.42+/-0.42, and LSD-t values were 0.18, 0.71, 1.23, 2.39 and 0.46, as compared with MCD group, the P values were 0.627, 0.241, less than 0.01, less than 0.01 and 0.278, the protein expression levels were 1.06+/-0.03, 0.30+/-0.01, 0.70+/-0.05, 1.19+/-0.30 and 0.90+/-0.01, and LSD-t values were 0.90, 0.23, 0.62, 0.31 and 0.34, the P values were less than 0.01, less than 0.01, less than 0.01, 0.122, less than 0.01. After Ad-PPARg treatment, the mRNA expression levels were 2.31+/-0.16, 2.71+/-0.23, 2.52+/-0.27, 1.79+/-0.32 and 5.97+/-0.72, and LSD-t values were 1.28, 1.66, 1.75, 3.13 and 2.02, as compared with MCD group, P is less than 0.05; the protein expression levels were 1.73+/-0.07, 0.43+/-0.04, 1.01+/-0.08, 1.31+/-0.10 and 1.56+/-0.04, and LSD-t values were 0.23, 0.10, 0.30, 0.20 and 0.99, with P values equal 0.009, 0.01, less than 0.01, 0.322 and less than 0.01.

CONCLUSIONSThis study provided evidences for the protective role of activation and overexpression of PPARg in ameliorating hepatocellular apoptosis in mice with hepatic fibrosing steatohepatitis.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; PPAR gamma ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in natural killer (NK) cell count in the peripheral blood of asthmatic patients.

METHODSThe number of NK cells in the peripheral blood was determined with flow cytometry in 63 asthmatic patients with acute episodes, 65 patients with stable asthma and 62 healthy nonatopic subjects.

RESULTSA significant decrease in NK cell number was noted in asthmatic patients during acute exacerbation [(13.9-/+9.4) %] in comparison with patients with stable asthma [(22.5-/+12.3) %] and healthy subjects [(19.6-/+10.1)%] (P<0.05), and the NK cell number showed no significant difference between the latter two groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONNK cell number is reduced in acute exacerbation of asthma, suggesting its important role in the asthmatic process.

Adult ; Asthma ; blood ; immunology ; Cell Count ; methods ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; cytology ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged

Adult ; Altitude ; Female ; Heart ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Health ; Railroads ; Tibet

OBJECTIVE: To analyze epidemiological characteristics of road traffic accidents that resulted in injuries in Chengdu area, to find out the cause and to provide scientific a base for accident prevention. METHODS: Appraisal data of the injured in road traffic accident from January 2003 to October 2006 were re-examined. Detailed statistics were made which include gender, age, transportation mode, person types, the accident date and day, and location. RESULTS: Six thousand three hundred and sixty four cases involving road traffic accident were analyzed. Among the injured, male to female ratio was 1.84:1, and the age group of 18-50 were the largest proportion (66.34%). Bicyclists, motorcyclists and pedestrians made up 80.90% of the injured persons. Different age groups, different genders and those who were injured in different regions varied greatly in terms of transport modes they employed. In terms of injured parts, lower limb injury took up the highest proportion (39.49%), with cranium & cerebrum ranking second (22.77%). CONCLUSION Different approaches and measures shall be taken in regard to different age groups, different regions, different times and different transport modes, and corresponding policies shall be adopted.
Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data* ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Lower Extremity/injuries* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motor Vehicles/statistics & numerical data* ; Multiple Trauma/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Distribution ; Time Factors ; Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology* ; Young Adult