Objective To observe changes in genetic material in the peripheral blood of pediatric patients with vascular malformations after interventional procedures. Methods A total of 108 children with vascular malformations who underwent interventional procedures at Shandong University Affiliated Children’s Hospital between February 2021 and January 2024 were selected as the research subjects. Clinical data and peripheral venous blood samples before and after the interventional procedures were collected from the children. Two biological indicators, γ-H2AX and peripheral blood lymphocyte chromosomal aberration (CA), were used to determine the levels of genetic material damage in children with vascular malformations before and after interventional procedures. Results The median age of the children was 7 years and the median body weight was 27 kg. The median dose-area product (DAP) was 24.20 Gy·cm² and the median DAP/kg was 1.04 Gy·cm²/kg. The incidence rates of both γ-H2AX foci and CA in children with vascular malformations significantly increased after the interventional procedures (Z = 5.924, P < 0.001; Z = 8.515, P < 0.001). The incidence of postoperative CA in 7 children were significantly higher than that in others, approaching or exceeding 4%. The incidence rates of postoperative γ-H2AX foci and CA in children with DAP/kg ≥ 1 Gy·cm²/kg were significantly higher than those in children with DAP/kg < 1 Gy·cm²/kg (U = 7.586, P = 0.031; U = 6.835, P = 0.009). No significant differences were observed in the incidence rates of postoperative γ-H2AX foci and CA among subgroups based on age, body weight, or surgical site. A positive correlation was observed between the difference in the incidence rates of γ-H2AX foci before and after the procedure and DAP/kg (R = 0.493, P = 0.027). Conclusion Ionizing radiation exposure during interventional procedures can increase peripheral blood genetic material damage levels in children with vascular malformations, and the damage levels show a correlation with the radiation dose, with some children being abnormally sensitive. Further research is needed to explore the influencing factors for genetic material damage in children with vascular malformations after interventional procedures, which is of great significance for reducing long-term cancer risks and achieving personalized treatment strategies.

ObjectiveTo study the effect and mechanism of Yixintai on mitochondrial fission proteins in the rat model of chronic heart failure. MethodTen of 60 SD rats were randomly selected as the sham operation group， and the remaining 50 rats were subjected to ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for the modeling of heart failure post myocardial infarction. The successfully modeled rats were randomized into model， low-， medium-， and high-dose （1.4， 2.8， and 5.6 g·kg^-1， respectively） Yixintai， and trimetazidine （10 mg·kg^-1） groups. The rats were administrated with corresponding doses of drugs by gavage， and the rats in the model group and sham operation group were given an equal volume of normal saline by gavage for 28 consecutive days. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was then employed to measure the levels of amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide （NT-pro BNP）， B-type natriuretic peptide （BNP）， and adenosine triphosphate （ATP） in the serum. Color Doppler ultrasound imaging was conducted to examine the cardiac function indicators. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining were conducted to observe the pathological changes in the heart， and Image J was used to calculate collagen volume fraction （CVF）. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to observe the ultrastructural changes of myocardial cells. Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling （TUNEL） was employed to measure the apoptosis rate of myocardial cells. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of mitochondrial fission protein 1 （Fis1） and mitochondrial fission factor （Mff） in the outer mitochondrial membrane of the myocardial tissue. ResultCompared with the sham operation group， the model group showed elevated levels of NT-pro BNP and BNP in the serum， decreased ATP content， left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， and left ventricular fraction shortening （LVFS）， increased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter （LVIDd） and left ventricular end-systolic diameter （LVIDs）， disarrangement of myocardial cells， inflammatory cell infiltration， increased collagen fibers and CVF， damaged myocardium and mitochondria， and increased apoptosis rate of myocardial cells， and up-regulated expression of Fis1 and Mff in the cardiac tissue （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， different doses of Yixintai and trimetazidine lowered the serum levels of NT-pro BNP and BNP （P<0.05）， increased the ATP content （P<0.05）， increased LVEF and LVFS （P<0.01）， decreased LVIDd and LVIDs （P<0.01）. Moreover， the drugs alleviated the myocardial inflammatory damage and fibrosis， reduced CVF （P<0.01）， repaired the myocardial mitochondrial structure， and decreased the apoptosis rate of myocardial cells （P<0.01）. Medium- and high-dose Yixintai and trimetazidine down-regulated the expression of Fis1 and Mff in the myocardial tissue （P<0.05）. ConclusionYixintai can improve mitochondrial structure， reduce myocardial cell apoptosis， and improve cardiac function by inhibiting the expression of Fis1 and Mff in the myocardial tissue.

Hepatic fibrosis(HF)is a pathophysiological outcome of chronic liver injury and is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix protein.A number of studies have confirmed that the signaling pathways formed by transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)and its downstream Smad family play an important role in the occurrence and development of HF,and the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)research targeting this pathway is currently a hot spot in the reversal of HF.Therefore,taking TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway as the entry point,this paper reviewed the mechanism of action of TCM compound formula and single drug extract in intervening TGF-β1/Smad pathway and related factors upstream and downstream of the pathway to reverse HF in recent years,revealed the targeted therapeutic effect of TCM,and provided new strategies for clarifying the mechanism of TCM.

The UV cross-linking immunoprecipitation (CLIP) technique was first established in 2003. Sequences of target RNAs and binding sites of specific RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) were identified within the entire transcriptome by UV cross-linking, immunoprecipitation, reverse transcription, and subsequent high-throughput sequencing. Over the last 20 years, CLIP has been continuously modified and improved. Advanced operability and accuracy have extended its application category. Currently, the widely used CLIP technologies include high-throughput sequencing with crosslinking-immunoprecipitation (HITS-CLIP), photoactivatable-ribonucleoside-enhanced CLIP (PAR-CLIP), individual nucleotide resolution CLIP (iCLIP), enhanced CLIP (eCLIP), infrared-CLIP (irCLIP), etc. HITS-CLIP combines high-throughput sequencing with UV cross-linking immunoprecipitation. The 254 nm UV cross-linking and RNAase digestion steps allow the technology to capture transient intracellular RBP-RNA interactions. However, there are limitations in the efficiency of UV cross-linking, with low resolution and high intrinsic background noise. For PAR-CLIP, photoactivatable ribonucleoside was incorporated into RNA molecules, and RBP cross-linked with RNA by 365 nm UV light to improve cross-linking efficiency and resolution. Cross-linking mediated single-base mutations provide more accurate binding site information and reduce interference from background sequences. Long-term alternative nucleotide incorporation, on the other hand, can be cytotoxic and may skew experimental results. iCLIP can identify RBP-RNA cross-linking sites at the single nucleotide level through cDNA circularization and subsequent re-linearization steps, but it has more experimental procedures, and partial cDNAs lost in the circularization step are inevitable. eCLIP discards the radioisotope labeling procedure and reduces RNA loss by ligating adaptors in two separate steps, greatly improving the library-building efficiency, and reducing bias associated with PCR amplification; however, the efficiency of immunoprecipitation cannot be visually assessed at the early stage of the experiment. The irCLIP technique replaces radioisotopes with infrared dyes and greatly reduces the initial number of cells required for the experiment; however, an infrared imaging scanner is essential for the irCLIP application. To address more particular scientific issues, derivative CLIP-related techniques such as PAPERCLIP, cTag-PAPERCLIP, hiCLIP, and tiCLIP have also been developed in recent years. In practice, the aforementioned CLIP approaches have their advantages and disadvantages. When deciding on a technical strategy, we should take into account our experimental objectives and conditions, such as whether we need to precisely define the RNA site for binding to RBP; whether we have the necessary experimental conditions for working with radioisotopes or performing infrared imaging; the amount of initial sample size, and so on. In addition, the CLIP technique has a relatively large number of procedures and can be divided into several successive experimental modules. We can try to combine modules from different mainstream CLIP technologies to meet our experimental requirements, which also gives us more opportunities to improve and refine them and to build more targeted derivative CLIP technologies according to our research objectives.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of 8-week aerobic exercise on the improvement of core behaviors of male and female autistic mice induced by valproic acid (VPA). MethodsExperimental mice were randomly divided into the control group (CTL), VPA-induced autism group (VPA) and VPA+aerobic exercise group (VEX), with 10 mice in each group. The pregnant mice were injected with VPA intraperitoneally at E12.5, and their offspring were used as autistic mice. Pups were weaned 28 d after birth and began an 8-week aerobic exercise intervention. The day after exercise, mice were tested in behavioral experiments to detect exploratory behavior, social skills, repetitive stereotypic behavior, cognitive ability and mood. The mice were tested for social skills, repetitive stereotyped behaviors, cognitive and learning memory abilities, exploratory behaviors, and emotions by behavioral assays on the following day after the exercise. ResultsBoth male and female mice in the CTL group showed a significant decrease in the total distance and percentage of time spent in the interaction zone in the 4th socialization compared to the 1st socialization (P<0.01); the total distance and percentage of time spent in the interaction zone in the 5th socialization was significantly increased compared to the 4th socialization (P<0.01); in VPA group, both male and female mice showed no significant change in the total distance and percentage of time spent in the interaction zone in the 4th and 5th socialization; in the VEX group, the total distance and percentage of time spent in the interaction zone by male mice in the 4th socialization was significantly decreased compared to the 1st socialization (P<0.01, P<0.05); and in the VEX group the total distance and percentage of time spent in the social interaction zone by both male and female mice in the 5th socialization was significantly increased compared to the 4th socialization (P<0.01, P<0.05). The results of the first phase of three-box socialization experiment showed that male and female mice in the CTL group spent more time socializing with their social partners than in contact with the empty cages (P<0.01); there was no difference in the time spent by male and female mice in the VPA group in socializing with their social partners and the empty cages; and male and female mice in the VEX group spent a longer time socializing with their social partners(P<0.01). The results of the second phase of three-box test showed that male and female mice in the CTL group showed a significant tendency to socialize with new social partners (P<0.01), whereas no significant changes were observed in the mice of VPA group; aerobic exercise significantly ameliorated this deficit in male and female mice with autism. Compared with the CTL group, VPA-induced significant decreases were observed in the total distance freely moved in the central area of the open field, the time and percentage of time spent in the open arm of cross maze, and the distance and time spent in the white box in both male and female autistic mice (P<0.01); a significant increase in the number of bead burials and time spent in self-grooming (P<0.01); a significant decrease in the cognitive index (P<0.01); a significantly longer latency to find the platform, and significantly decreased the percentage of time spent in the target quadrant and the number of times they traversed the platform (P<0.01). Compared with the VPA group, after 8 weeks of aerobic intervention, male and female mice in the VEX group showed a significant increase in total distance, open-arm dwell time, and percentage of free movement in the central area of the empty field (P<0. 05), and a trend toward a decrease in the dwell time of females in the white box was not significant, the number of beads burying and the time of self-combing were significantly lower(P<0.01, P<0.05); and a significant increase in cognitive index (P<0.05), a significantly shorter time to find the platform, and significantly increased percentage of time spent in the target quadrant and the number of times they traversed the platform (P<0.01), showing excellent learning memory. ConclusionAutistic mice severely suffer from social and cognitive impairments, repetitive stereotyped behaviors, decreased activity level, and the exhibition of anxiety. 8 weeks of aerobic exercise can improve the social and cognitive abilities, alleviate the stereotyped repetitive behaviors, increase the activity level, and positively regulate the anxiety in autistic mice. It is hypothesized that aerobic exercise has an important role in motor rehabilitation of autism, in order to provide a theoretical basis for clinical research.

Pulmonary disease is one of the major threats to human health. However, the current clinical treatment drugs for lung diseases generally have problems such as low lung delivery efficiency, fast clearance rate and obvious toxic side effects. Recently, membrane biomimetic nanocarriers have attracted more and more attention. Due to their advantages of high targeting, long cycle time, good biocompatibility and strong immune escape ability, membrane biomimetic nanocarriers have become a major research hotspot in targeted therapy of lung diseases. In this review, we discuss the main preparation methods of membrane biomimetic nanoparticles, the characteristics of membrane biomimetic nanocarriers from different cell sources and their application in the targeted therapy of lung diseases. At the same time, according to the characteristics of different membranes, the shortcomings, current technical limitations and future prospects are discussed. This review is expected to provide references for the design of membrane biomimetic nanocarriers and their potential applications in the treatment of lung diseases.

Eighteen compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of the fruits of Litsea cubeba by silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, semi-preparative RP-HPLC, chiral HPLC and recrystallization. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and by comparison with reported spectroscopic data and physicochemical properties, and the absolute configurations of the enantiomers were established by experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. These compounds were identified as (+)-(R)-4-hydroxypiperitenone (1a), (-)-(S)-4-hydroxypiperitenone (1b), (3S,4S,6R)-3,6-dihydroxy-1-menthene (2), (4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (3), (R)-6-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-6-methylcyclohex-2-enone (4), (4S,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-isopropyl-3-methylcyclohex-2-enone (5), (1R,3S,4R)-3-hydroxy isopulegol (6), subamone (7), (6S)-3,7-dimethyl-7-hydroxy-2(Z)-octen-6-olide (8), (6S)-6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyloct-2(Z)-enoate (9), holostylactone (10), sesamin (11), dimethylmatairesinol (12), p-hydroxybenzoylcarbinol (13), syringaldehyde (14), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (15), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (16), 5,4ʹ-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (17). Among them, compounds 1a and 1b were a pair of new monoterpenoid enantiomers, 8 and 9 were new natural products, 2-7, 10, 11 and 17 were isolated from Litsea genus for the first time. The in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of compounds 1-17 were evaluated using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, the results showed that compound 14 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity with NO inhibitory rate of 66.27% at a concentration of 40 μmol·L^-1.

Six compounds were isolated from the roots of Ephedra sinica Stapf using various chromatographic techniques such as silica gel column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. Their chemical structures were identified by analysis of physicochemical properties and spectral data, and determined as (Z)-docosanylferulate (1), (E)-docosanylferulate (2), bis (2-ethylheptyl) phythalate (3), 2,2′-oxybis (1,4-di-tert-butylbenzene) (4), diisobutyl phthalate (5), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (6). Among them, compound 1 is a new compound, compounds 2-4 were first isolated from Ephedra. A corticosterone-induced PC-12 cell injury model was used for compound activity screening. The results showed that compounds 1 and 5 significantly improved corticosterone-induced PC-12 cell injury and significantly increased 5-HT₇ receptor protein expression in the cells, indicating potential antidepressant activity.

Cells undergo glucose metabolism reprogramming under the influence of the inflammatory microenvironment, changing their primary mode of energy supply from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. This process is involved in all stages of inflammation-related diseases development. Glucose metabolism reprogramming not only changes the metabolic pattern of individual cells, but also disrupts the metabolic homeostasis of the body microenvironment, which further promotes aerobic glycolysis and provides favourable conditions for the malignant progression of inflammation-related diseases. The metabolic enzymes, transporter proteins, and metabolites of aerobic glycolysis are all key signalling molecules, and drugs can inhibit aerobic glycolysis by targeting these specific key molecules to exert therapeutic effects. This paper reviews the impact of glucose metabolism reprogramming on the development of inflammation-related diseases such as inflammation-related tumours, rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's disease, and the therapeutic effects of drugs targeting glucose metabolism reprogramming on these diseases.

Objective To clarify the responsibilities and influencing factors of infection control liaison nurses(ICLNs)in general hospitals.Methods Relevant databases were systematically retrieved with scoping review method from establishment to March 18,2023,and the included literatures were reported standardizedly.Results A total of 36 literatures were included in the analysis.Responsibilities of ICLNs included admittance criteria,selec-tion methods,and job responsibilities.Influencing factors of ICLNs included training,empowerment,performance evaluation,continuous improvement measures,and personnel allocation.After the establishment of ICLNs,inci-dence of healthcare-associated infection and detection rate of multidrug-resistant organisms were reduced,compli-ance rate of health care workers'hand hygiene and monitoring rate of hospital environment were improved,and the cleaning and disinfection of hospital environment was standardized.Conclusion ICLNs play a role in preventing and controlling the occurrence of healthcare-associated infection.The management and application should be further standardized and improved,the effectiveness of ICLNs needs to be thoroughly studied,so as to promote the deve-lopment of ICLNs,and improve the quality of healthcare-associated infection management.