ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of prostaglandin E₂ （PGE₂） microinjection into the median preoptic nucleus （MnPO） on core body temperature in female mice， and to clarify its underlying mechanism. MethodsMicroinjection cannula were implanted into the MnPO of female mice using stereotaxic surgery.Subsequently， a multi-channel temperature acquisition system was used to simultaneously monitor rectal and brown adipose tissue （BAT） temperatures before and after intra-MnPO injections of different reagents.To investigate the thermoregulatory effects of the microinjection of PGE₂ into the MnPO， 12 female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a saline group （n=6） and a PGE₂ group （n=6）， which were injected with 0.1 μL saline and PGE₂ （2.8 mmol/L）， respectively.To determine whether E-series prostaglandin receptor （EP）1， EP3， and EP4 receptors mediate the thermoregulatory effects of PGE₂， 15 female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups （n=5 per group）.Mice in each group first received an injection of 0.1 μL PGE2 （2.8 mmol/L） into the MnPO. After their body temperature returned to baseline levels， they were subsequently injected with a mixture of either EP1， EP3 or EP4 antagonist （ant） （20 mmol/L） + PGE2 （2.8 mmol/L）. ResultsCompared with baseline level， the rectal temperature （P<0.01） and BAT temperature （P<0.001） of female mice both increased significantly after microinjection of PGE₂ into the MnPO.Compared with the saline group， the increases in rectal temperature （P<0.001） and BAT temperature （P<0.000 1） were significantly greater in the PGE₂ group of mice.Furthermore， following the injection of PGE₂ into MnPO， the increase in BAT temperature was found to be significantly greater than that in rectal temperature in mice （P<0.001）.Compared to the administration of PGE₂ alone， co-injection of an EP3 ant + PGE₂ into the MnPO of mice resulted in a significantly smaller increase in both rectal temperature （P<0.001） and BAT temperature （P<0.001）.In contrast， the increases in rectal and BAT temperatures following MnPO injection of either EP1 ant + PGE₂ or EP4 ant + PGE₂ were not statistically significant （P>0.05）. ConclusionInjection of PGE₂ into the MnPO elevates BAT and core body temperature in female mice via the EP3 receptor.

Sleep is an instinctive behavior alternating awakening state, sleep entails many active processes occurring at the cellular, circuit and organismal levels. The function of sleep is to restore cellular energy, enhance immunity, promote growth and development, consolidate learning and memory to ensure normal life activities. However, with the increasing of social pressure involved in work and life, the incidence of sleep disorders (SD) is increasing year by year. In the short term, sleep disorders lead to impaired memory and attention; in the longer term, it produces neurological dysfunction or even death. There are many ways to directly or indirectly contribute to sleep disorder and keep the hormones, including pharmacological alternative treatments, light therapy and stimulus control therapy. Exercise is also an effective and healthy therapeutic strategy for improving sleep. The intensities, time periods, and different types of exercise have different health benefits for sleep, which can be found through indicators such as sleep quality, sleep efficiency and total sleep time. So it is more and more important to analyze the mechanism and find effective regulation targets during sleep disorder through exercise. Dopamine (DA) is an important neurotransmitter in the nervous system, which not only participates in action initiation, movement regulation and emotion regulation, but also plays a key role in the steady-state remodeling of sleep-awakening state transition. Appreciable evidence shows that sleep disorder on humans and rodents evokes anomalies in the dopaminergic signaling, which are also implicated in the development of psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia or substance abuse. Experiments have shown that DA in different neural pathways plays different regulatory roles in sleep behavior, we found that increasing evidence from rodent studies revealed a role for ventral tegmental area DA neurons in regulating sleep-wake patterns. DA signal transduction and neurotransmitter release patterns have complex interactions with behavioral regulation. In addition, experiments have shown that exercise causes changes in DA homeostasis in the brain, which may regulate sleep through different mechanisms, including cAMP response element binding protein signal transduction, changes in the circadian rhythm of biological clock genes, and interactions with endogenous substances such as adenosine, which affect neuronal structure and play a neuroprotective role. This review aims to introduce the regulatory effects of exercise on sleep disorder, especially the regulatory mechanism of DA in this process. The analysis of intracerebral DA signals also requires support from neurophysiological and chemical techniques. Our laboratory has established and developed an in vivo brain neurochemical analysis platform, which provides support for future research on the regulation of sleep-wake cycles by movement. We hope it can provide theoretical reference for the formulation of exercise prescription for clinical sleep disorder and give some advice to the combined intervention of drugs and exercise.

Objective:To explore the effect of remote motor imagery therapy on rehabilitation of patients with severe coronary heart disease(CHD)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods:This randomized con-trolled study enrolled 164 patients with severe CHD undergoing PCI who admitted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University between January 2022 and January 2024.Patients were divided into control group(n=82)and intervention group(n=82).Patients in the control group was given conventional home nursing intervention comparing to those in the intervention group receiving additional remote motor imagery therapy.Both groups were intervened for 8 weeks.Indexes of pain,psychological emotion,ability of daily living,motor function and fall were compared between two groups.Results:Compared to those in control group after intervention,patients in interven-tion group had significant lower scores of visual analogue scale(VAS)[(2.03±0.81)points vs.(5.14±0.84)points],the Hospital anxiety and depression scale(HADS)anxiety subscale(HADS-A)[(4.89±0.84)points vs.(9.05±0.78)points],HADS depression subscale(H ADS-D)[(5.31±1.10)points vs.(10.13±0.82)points],HADS total score[(10.20±1.39)points vs.(19.18±1.18)points](P＜0.001 all),and significant higher 6-min walking distance(6MWD)[(439.31±16.51)m vs.(364.94±12.76)m],peak oxygen uptake(VO2 peak)[(20.28±2.40)ml·kg-1·min-1 vs.(17.26±1.35)ml·kg-1·min-1],anaerobic threshold oxygen consumption(VO2AT)[(17.04±1.18)ml·kg-1·min-1 vs.(13.62±1.16)ml·kg-1·min-1],scores of Chinese modified Fall Efficacy Scale(MFES)[(107.28±4.84)points vs.(87.41±4.73)points],ability of daily living(ADL)scale[(78.95±3.92)points vs.(68.00±4.10)points]and Barthel index[(85.83±2.50)points vs.(69.79±3.42)points](P＜0.001 all).We detected significant lower incidence of falling(7.50％vs.21.25％)in the intervention group compared to control group(P=0.013).Conclusion:Remote motor imagery therapy may strengthen motor function and ability of daily living,and relieve pain and negative emotions in patients with severe CHD after PCI.

OBJECTIVE: To reveal the effects and potential mechanisms by which synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) influences the distribution of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the trans-Golgi network (TGN), endolysosomal system, and cell membranes and to reveal the effects of SV2A on APP amyloid degradation. METHODS: Colocalization analysis of APP with specific tagged proteins in the TGN, ensolysosomal system, and cell membrane was performed to explore the effects of SV2A on the intracellular transport of APP. APP, β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) expressions, and APP cleavage products levels were investigated to observe the effects of SV2A on APP amyloidogenic processing. RESULTS: APP localization was reduced in the TGN, early endosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes, whereas it was increased in the recycling endosomes and cell membrane of SV2A-overexpressed neurons. Moreover, Arl5b (ADP-ribosylation factor 5b), a protein responsible for transporting APP from the TGN to early endosomes, was upregulated by SV2A. SV2A overexpression also decreased APP transport from the cell membrane to early endosomes by downregulating APP endocytosis. In addition, products of APP amyloid degradation, including sAPPβ, Aβ _1-42, and Aβ _1-40, were decreased in SV2A-overexpressed cells. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that SV2A promotes APP transport from the TGN to early endosomes by upregulating Arl5b and promoting APP transport from early endosomes to recycling endosomes-cell membrane pathway, which slows APP amyloid degradation.
Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/genetics* ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics* ; Animals ; Protein Transport ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics* ; Humans ; Mice ; Endosomes/metabolism* ; trans-Golgi Network/metabolism*

OBJECTIVE: To assess the independent and combined effects of air pollutants, meteorological factors, and greenspace exposure on new tuberculosis (TB) cases. METHODS: TB case data from Shanghai (2013-2018) were obtained from the Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Environmental data on air pollutants, meteorological variables, and greenspace exposure were obtained from the National Tibetan Plateau Data Center. We employed a distributed-lag nonlinear model to assess the effects of these environmental factors on TB cases. RESULTS: Increased TB risk was linked to PM _2.5, PM ₁₀, and rainfall, whereas NO ₂, SO ₂, and air pressure were associated with a reduced risk. Specifically, the strongest cumulative effects occurred at various lags: PM _2.5 ( RR = 1.166, 95% CI: 1.026-1.325) at 0-19 weeks; PM ₁₀ ( RR = 1.167, 95% CI: 1.028-1.324) at 0-18 weeks; NO ₂ ( RR = 0.968, 95% CI: 0.938-0.999) at 0-1 weeks; SO ₂ ( RR = 0.945, 95% CI: 0.894-0.999) at 0-2 weeks; air pressure ( RR = 0.604, 95% CI: 0.447-0.816) at 0-8 weeks; and rainfall ( RR = 1.404, 95% CI: 1.076-1.833) at 0-22 weeks. Green space exposure did not significantly impact TB cases. Additionally, low temperatures amplified the effect of PM _2.5 on TB. CONCLUSION Exposure to PM _2.5, PM ₁₀, and rainfall increased the risk of TB, highlighting the need to address air pollutants for the prevention of TB in Shanghai.
China/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology* ; Incidence ; Meteorological Concepts ; Particulate Matter/adverse effects* ; Environmental Exposure ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Air Pollution ; Middle Aged

Objective This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of modified endoscopic autologous cartilage eustachian tube pharyngeal orifice tuboplasty(MEACETT)in patients with patulous eustachian tube(PET).Meth-ods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 27 patients(30 ears)diagnosed with PET who underwent MEACETT.Autologous cartilage was used through the incision at the posterior end of the inferior turbi-nate and filled into the lateral wall of the pharyngeal orifice of the eustachian tube.Without affecting the movement function of the eustachian tube during swallowing,the collapse of the pharyngeal orifice was fully filled.Before and after the surgery,the visual analogue scale(VAS),the eustachian tube dysfunction questionnaire-7(ETDQ-7)and hospital anxiety and depression scale(HADS)was used for assessment to evaluate the surgical efficacy.Results There was no significant difference in depression scores before and after surgery(P＞0.05).However,postopera-tive anxiety scores,ETDQ-7 scores,and VAS scores were significantly lower than preoperative scores(P＜0.05).Among the 27 patients,9 showed significant symptom relief,13 exhibited partial relief,and 5 had no significant change compared to preoperative symptoms.The overall response rate of the treatment(significant relief and partial relief)was 81.48％(22/27).All surgeries were successfully performed.Except for secretory otitis media occurring in 2 cases,no major complications were observed.Conclusion MEACETT demonstrates significant symptom relief in PET patients,with high surgical safety and low complication rates,making it worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the R value in tubomanometry(TMM)for the di-agnosis of patulous eustachian tube(PET).Methods The clinical data of 58 patients with PET and 65 controls were retrospectively analyzed.TMM was performed on both groups under nasopharyngeal pressures of 30,40,and 50 mbar respectively.The diagnostic efficacy of the R value for PET was evaluated through receiver operating char-acteristic(ROC)curves.Results In the control group,the average R values under nasopharyngeal pressures of 30,40,and 50 mbar were 0.86±0.50,0.76±0.41,and 0.68±0.34 respectively.In contrast,the corresponding R values in the PET group were significantly lower,which were 0.56±0.38,0.50±0.36,and 0.46±0.38 respec-tively.According to the ROC curve analysis,the areas under the curve(AUC)at these pressures were 0.62,0.74,and 0.74 respectively.The specificity and sensitivity of the R value under nasopharyngeal pressures of 30,40,and 50 mbar were 76.90％and 54.30％,74.60％and 68.10％,86.90％and 54.30％,respectively.Under pressures of 30,40,and 50 mbar,the incidence rates of R＞1 in the control group and the PET group were 29.23％(38/130)and 12.77％(12/94)(x2=8.69,P=0.003),20.00％(26/130)and 6.38％(6/94)(x2=7.20,P=0.007),10.00％(13/130)and 3.19％(3/94)(x2=2.87,P=0.09)respectively.Conclusion Although the low R value in TMM reflects the presence of PET to some extent,it does not provide adequate sensitivity and specificity to serve as an independent diagnostic criterion for PET.

Objective:To discuss the effect of prostaglandin E2(PGE2),a pyrogenic mediator,on the discharge activity of warm-sensitive neurons(WSNs)in median preoptic nucleus(MnPO)of hypothalamus in the female mice,and to clarify its mechanism.Methods:Coronal brain slices of MnPO were prepared from the female mice.The slices were then perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid(ACSF)containing synaptic transmission blockers(STBs).The discharge frequency was monitored using the patch clamp technique while changing the temperature of the perfusate to identify the WSNs.A total of 32 MnPO WSNs were divided into base line group(n=32)and PEG2(n=32).The patch clamp technique was employed to monitor the discharge frequencies of MnPO WSNs following the perfusion of ACSF and 1 μmol·L-1 PGE2,respectively.The MnPO WSNs with good activity and significant change in discharge frequency after PGE2 perfusion were divided into PGE2 receptor E-series prostaglandin receptrol(EP)1 antagonist(EP1 ant)+PGE2 group(n=7),EP3 ant+PGE2 group(n=7),and EP4 ant+PGE2 group(n=7).The patch clamp technique was used to monitor the discharge frequencies of MnPO WSNs following the perfusion of 3 μmol·L-1 EP1 ant and 1 μmol·L-1 PGE2 mixture,10 μmol·L-1 EP3 ant and 1 μmol·L-1 PGE2mixture,and 10 μmol·L-1 EP4 ant and 1 μmol·L-1 PGE2 mixture,respectively.Resluts:After perfuson of the ACSF containing STBs,a total of 188 MnPO neurons from the female mice with an intrinsic temperature sensitivity coefficient(m value)were identified;out of these,32 neurons had an m value of ≥0.8 and were identified as MnPO WSNs,accounting for approximately 17％of all recorded neurons.Compared with baseline discharge frequency,the discharge frequency of MnPO WSNs after addition of PGE2 was decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with PGE2 group,the percentage change in discharge frequency of MnPO WSNs in EP3 ant+PGE2 group was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with PGE2 group,the percentage change in discharge frequency of MnPO WSNs in EP1 ant+PGE2 group had no significant difference(P＞0.05).Compared with PGE2 group,the percentage change in discharge frequency of MnPO WSNs in EP4 ant+PGE2 group had no significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion:In the female mice,WSNs make up approximately 17％of the total neurons in MnPO.PGE2 can directly inhibit the discharge activity of MnPO WSNs in the female mice through postsynaptic mechanism involving EP3 receptors.

Objective:To explore the correlation between palm temperature,disease activity,and traditional chinese medicine syndrome types in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods:80 RA patients(RA group)who were admitted to our hospital from April 2022 to June 2024 were selected,they were divided into high group(DAS28 score＞5.1 score)and low to moderate group(2.6 score ≤ DAS28 score≤5.1 score)according to the 28 joint disease activity scores(DAS28).70 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examinations during the same period(control group)were selected.The palm temperature,erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),C-reactive protein(CRP),and DAS28 scores between the control group and RA group were compared.The palm temperature,ESR,and CRP levels between low to moderate group and high group were compared.The correlation between palm temperature and disease activity,ESR,and CRP levels in RA patients was analyzed by Pearson correlation.The distribution of traditional chinese medicine syndrome types in RA patients was observed,the palm temperature,ESR,and CRP levels of RA patients with different traditional chinese medicine syndrome types were compared.Results:The palm temperature,ESR,CRP levels,and DAS28 score in the RA group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The palm temperature,ESR,and CRP levels in the high group were higher than those in the low to moderate group(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis results showed that,the palm temperature of RA patients was positively correlated with DAS28 score,ESR,and CRP levels(P＜0.05).Among 80 RA patients,there were 17 cases(21.25％)of liver and kidney deficiency syndrome,23 cases(29.02％)of cold and dampness obstruction syndrome,14 cases(17.86％)of qi and blood deficiency syndrome,17 cases(21.47％)of damp heat obstruction syndrome,and 9 cases(11.52％)of phlegm and blood stasis obstruction syndrome.The palm temperature,ESR,and CRP levels of patients with Qi and blood deficiency syndrome,liver and kidney deficiency syndrome,and phlegm and blood stasis obstruction syndrome increased in sequence and were higher than those of patients with damp heat obstruction syndrome and cold and dampness obstruction syndrome(P＜0.05).There was no statistical difference in palm temperature,ESR,and CRP levels between the groups of damp heat obstruction syndrome and cold and dampness obstruction syndrome(P＞0.05).Conclusion:There is a certain correlation between the palm temperature and disease activity and traditional chinese medicine syndrome types of RA patients.Regular observation of palm temperature,ESR,CRP levels,and DAS28 score is helpful for assessing the condition of RA patients.

Aim To investigate the interventional effects of polysaccharides from Dicliptera chinensis(L.)Juss.(DCP)on acute liver failure(ALF)in-duced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)combined with D-galactosamine(D-GalN)in mice,and on LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells,based on the TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.Meth-ods Mice were randomly divided into the control,model,silymarin,DCP low,medium,and high dose groups,and toxicity test groups.After 10 consecutive days of treatment,ALF models were established by in-jecting mice with LPS+D-GalN.Additionally,an in-flammatory response model was established by stimula-ting RAW264.7 cells with LPS.Results Biochemical assays showed that compared with the model group,the medium-and high-dose DCP groups exhibited de-creased serum ALT,AST,ALP,TBIL,and γ-GT activi-ties(P＜0.05),reduced levels of ROS,MPO and MDA in liver(P＜0.05),increased activities of SOD,GSH-Px,CAT,and elevated T-AOC levels(P＜0.05).ELISA revealed lower levels of ICAM-1,VCAM-1,IL-6,IL-1β,and TNF-α in liver(P＜0.05).HE staining indicated reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and improved hepatocyte necrosis in liv-er after DCP administration.The use of DCP alone showed no significant organ toxicity.qRT-PCR and Western blot results indicated that DCP inhibited the expression of key factors in TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB sig-naling pathway(P＜0.05).Cell validation experi-ments also confirmed that this pathway was inhibited by DCP.Conclusion DCP alleviates ALF primarily by inhibiting oxidative stress and blocking the activation of the TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.