With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Inhalation therapy,as a drug delivery method directly targeting the respiratory tract and lungs,has been widely used in the treatment of respiratory diseases due to its characteristics of efficient drug delivery,rapid onset,and low systemic side effects.However,traditional inhalation particles still have some limitations in drug stability,release control,and pulmonary delivery efficiency.In recent years,with the continuous development of biochemical materials,the performance of new inhaled particles has been significantly improved,which can provide better drug-loading capacity,more precise release control,and more efficient pulmonary delivery,showing great potential in improving drug efficacy and reducing side effects.This review comprehensively summarizes the classification,preparation techniques,and applications of inhalable particles.It further explores their prospects in precise therapy,personalized medication,and the next-generation drug delivery systems,aiming to promote research and technological innovation in inhalation therapy,ultimately advancing therapeutic solutions for respiratory diseases.

AIM To investigate the in vivo pharmacokinetics of chlorogenic acid,isoquercetin,ferulic acid,isorhamnetin and shionone in Asteris Radix et Rhizoma in rats.METHODS Twelve rats were randomly assigned into 2 groups and given intragastric administration of conventional dose(0.63 g/kg)and large dose(3.3 g/kg)of Asteris Radix et Rhizoma extracts,respectively,after which blood collection was made at 0.083,0.167,0.33,0.5,0.75,1,1.5,2,4,6,8,12,24 h,UPLC-MS/MS was adopted in the plasma concentration determination of various effective constituents,and main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated.RESULTS Various effective constituents in the large dose group demonstrated prolonged t1/2,MRT0-∞ as compared with those in the conventional dose group(P＜0.05).After dose correction,Cmax of chlorogenic acid,isoquercetin,shionone in the large dose group displayed no obvious changes(P＞0.05),while Cmax of ferulic acid,isorhamnetin,and AUC0-t,AUC0-∞ of various effective constituents were higher than those in the conventional dose group(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION Various effective constituents in the high dose of Asteris Radix et Rhizoma can maintain high-concentration and long-time effects on rat bladder tissue.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective:To investigate the incidence,clinical characteristics,and complications of Torque teno virus(TTV)in children after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT).Methods:A total of 40 children with hematological diseases who underwent HSCT were selected,and metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS)technology was used to detect the gene sequences of pathogenic microorganisms in the blood.Combined with clinical data,the characteristics of TTV infection were analyzed.Results:Among the 40 pediatric patients post-HSCT,the TTV positive rate was 42.5％(17/40).There were no statistically significant differences between the TTV-positive group and the TTV-negative group in sex,age,white blood cell count(WBC),red blood cell count(RBC),hemoglobin,platelet count,neutrophil count,lymphocyte count,and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(all P＞0.05).The incidence of TTV infection was significantly higher in children who underwent haploidentical HSCT and in those with bone marrow stem cells(BMSC)as the transplant source(P＜0.05).However,there were no significant differences in the TTV infection rate among patients with different disease types,different HLA matching statuses,or different engraftment times of neutrophils and platelets(all P＞0.05).Among 17 children infected with TTV,13(76.5％)had co-infections with other viruses,mainly including cytomegalovirus(58.8％,10/17),human polyomavirus(41.2％,7/17),and Epstein-Barr virus(17.6％,3/17).In children with TTV infection,the most common complications were sepsis(82.4％),graft-versus-host disease(GVHD)(70.6％),pulmonary infection(41.2％),and hemorrhagic cystitis(17.6％).The incidence of GVHD in the TTV-positive group was significantly higher than that in the TTV-negative group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:TTV infection is common in children undergoing HSCT,and it is prone to be complicated with cytomegalovirus infection and GVHD,which has an important influence on the clinical outcomes.

Objective:To investigate the incidence,clinical characteristics,and complications of Torque teno virus(TTV)in children after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT).Methods:A total of 40 children with hematological diseases who underwent HSCT were selected,and metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS)technology was used to detect the gene sequences of pathogenic microorganisms in the blood.Combined with clinical data,the characteristics of TTV infection were analyzed.Results:Among the 40 pediatric patients post-HSCT,the TTV positive rate was 42.5％(17/40).There were no statistically significant differences between the TTV-positive group and the TTV-negative group in sex,age,white blood cell count(WBC),red blood cell count(RBC),hemoglobin,platelet count,neutrophil count,lymphocyte count,and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(all P＞0.05).The incidence of TTV infection was significantly higher in children who underwent haploidentical HSCT and in those with bone marrow stem cells(BMSC)as the transplant source(P＜0.05).However,there were no significant differences in the TTV infection rate among patients with different disease types,different HLA matching statuses,or different engraftment times of neutrophils and platelets(all P＞0.05).Among 17 children infected with TTV,13(76.5％)had co-infections with other viruses,mainly including cytomegalovirus(58.8％,10/17),human polyomavirus(41.2％,7/17),and Epstein-Barr virus(17.6％,3/17).In children with TTV infection,the most common complications were sepsis(82.4％),graft-versus-host disease(GVHD)(70.6％),pulmonary infection(41.2％),and hemorrhagic cystitis(17.6％).The incidence of GVHD in the TTV-positive group was significantly higher than that in the TTV-negative group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:TTV infection is common in children undergoing HSCT,and it is prone to be complicated with cytomegalovirus infection and GVHD,which has an important influence on the clinical outcomes.

Objective To quantify the volume and movement of cardiac substructures by using coronary computed tomography angiography(CCTA)to provide guidance for the design of deep inspiratory breath-holding radiation therapy for left breast cancer and the protection of organs at risk.Methods Totally 18 female patients who received conventional chest plain scan and CCTA were selected to simulate the design process of radiotherapy plan for left breast cancer patients with internal mammary lymph nodes.Retrospective reconstruction of CCTA data was performed for each patient,with 10 phase images(with an interval of 10％)within a R-R cardiac cycle(10％-100％)to simulate the true range of motion of the heart.The heart,left atrium(LA),left ventricle(LV),right atrium(RA),right ventricle(RV),left anterior descending artery(LAD),left circumflex coronary artery(LCX)and right coronary artery(RCA)were contoured at each phase.The distances from the centroid position to the average position of LAD,LCX and RCA were measured at each phase in the superior-inferior(SI),anterior-posterior(AP)and left-right(LR).The average volume and range of volume changes of LA,LV,RA,RV and heart were analyzed within a cardiac cycle.The expansion margins of planning organs at risk volume(PRV)were calculated.SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results The following average absolute displacements were found in SI,AP and LR coordinates:(1.8±0.7)mm,(1.2±0.5)mm and(1.5±0.5)mm for LAD,respectively;(2.1±0.7)mm,(1.5±0.6)mm and(1.9±0.7)mm for LCX,respectively;(1.6±0.5)mm,(2.2±0.9)mm and(2.2±0.8)mm for RCA,respectively.The volume changes of LA,LV,RA,RV and heart within a cardiac cycle ranged from 34.3 to 63.9 cm3,122.1 to 154.3 cm3,29.3 to 53.6 cm3,57.2 to 94.3 cm3 and 480.1 to 515.4 cm3,respectively.The theoretical expansion margins of LAD,LCX and RCA in all the three directions were within 2 mm.Conclusion The ranges of movement and volume changes of cardiac substructure are quantitati-vely displayed,and references are provided for the planning of deep inspiratory breath-holding radiation therapy for left breast cancer and the protection of organs at risk.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(3):54-58]

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of low dose recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide(rhBNP)combined with sacubitril valsartan sodium in patients with coronary heart disease and acute heart failure.Methods:This randomized controlled study enrolled 110 patients with coronary heart disease and acute heart failure admitted in Emergency General Hospital between January 2021 and December 2023.Patients were randomly divided into intervention group and control group with 55 cases in each group.Patients in the control group received low dose rhBNP,and those in the intervention group received additional sacubitril valsartan sodium.After 3-month treatment,the clinical efficacy,cardiac function indexes,coronary blood flow reserve,myocardial injury markers,and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results:Compared to those in the control group,patients in the intervention group had significantly higher total effective rate(90.57％vs.75.47％,P=0.039).Compared to patients in the control group,those in the intervention group had significantly higher left ventricular ejection fraction[(67.12±6.93)％vs.(62.09±6.81)％,P＜0.001],cardiac output[(4.81±0.79)L/min vs.(4.02±0.71)L/min,P＜0.001],coronary blood flow reserve[(3.62±0.59)vs.(3.09±0.53),P＜0.001],blood flow reserve[(0.95±0.24)vs.(0.79±0.21),P＜0.001],peak flow velocity[(65.22±6.28)cm/s vs.(59.65±6.04)cm/s,P＜0.001],and significantly lower left ventricular end-diastolic diameter[(51.81±4.98)mm vs.(56.02±5.74)mm,P＜0.001],left ventricular end-diastolic volume[(90.72±8.83)ml vs.(98.76±9.23)ml,P＜0.001],creatine kinase isoenzyme[(20.34±3.84)U/L vs.(25.35±4.03)U/L,P＜0.001],lactate dehydrogenase[(224.67±23.81)U/L vs.(247.57±28.34)U/L,P＜0.001],alpha hydroxy bu-tyric acid dehydrogenase[(192.38±20.37)U/L vs.(209.16±22.25)U/L,P＜0.001],and N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide[(314.39±34.72)pg/ml vs.(351.73±38.13)pg/ml,P＜0.001].There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between two groups(P=0.506).Conclusion:This study showed that low dose rhBNP combined with sacubitril valsartan sodium was more effective in the treatment of coronary heart dis-ease and acute heart failure compared to low dose rhBNP alone.No significant difference in the adverse reactions was observed between two groups.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of low dose recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide(rhBNP)combined with sacubitril valsartan sodium in patients with coronary heart disease and acute heart failure.Methods:This randomized controlled study enrolled 110 patients with coronary heart disease and acute heart failure admitted in Emergency General Hospital between January 2021 and December 2023.Patients were randomly divided into intervention group and control group with 55 cases in each group.Patients in the control group received low dose rhBNP,and those in the intervention group received additional sacubitril valsartan sodium.After 3-month treatment,the clinical efficacy,cardiac function indexes,coronary blood flow reserve,myocardial injury markers,and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results:Compared to those in the control group,patients in the intervention group had significantly higher total effective rate(90.57％vs.75.47％,P=0.039).Compared to patients in the control group,those in the intervention group had significantly higher left ventricular ejection fraction[(67.12±6.93)％vs.(62.09±6.81)％,P＜0.001],cardiac output[(4.81±0.79)L/min vs.(4.02±0.71)L/min,P＜0.001],coronary blood flow reserve[(3.62±0.59)vs.(3.09±0.53),P＜0.001],blood flow reserve[(0.95±0.24)vs.(0.79±0.21),P＜0.001],peak flow velocity[(65.22±6.28)cm/s vs.(59.65±6.04)cm/s,P＜0.001],and significantly lower left ventricular end-diastolic diameter[(51.81±4.98)mm vs.(56.02±5.74)mm,P＜0.001],left ventricular end-diastolic volume[(90.72±8.83)ml vs.(98.76±9.23)ml,P＜0.001],creatine kinase isoenzyme[(20.34±3.84)U/L vs.(25.35±4.03)U/L,P＜0.001],lactate dehydrogenase[(224.67±23.81)U/L vs.(247.57±28.34)U/L,P＜0.001],alpha hydroxy bu-tyric acid dehydrogenase[(192.38±20.37)U/L vs.(209.16±22.25)U/L,P＜0.001],and N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide[(314.39±34.72)pg/ml vs.(351.73±38.13)pg/ml,P＜0.001].There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between two groups(P=0.506).Conclusion:This study showed that low dose rhBNP combined with sacubitril valsartan sodium was more effective in the treatment of coronary heart dis-ease and acute heart failure compared to low dose rhBNP alone.No significant difference in the adverse reactions was observed between two groups.

AIM To investigate the in vivo pharmacokinetics of chlorogenic acid,isoquercetin,ferulic acid,isorhamnetin and shionone in Asteris Radix et Rhizoma in rats.METHODS Twelve rats were randomly assigned into 2 groups and given intragastric administration of conventional dose(0.63 g/kg)and large dose(3.3 g/kg)of Asteris Radix et Rhizoma extracts,respectively,after which blood collection was made at 0.083,0.167,0.33,0.5,0.75,1,1.5,2,4,6,8,12,24 h,UPLC-MS/MS was adopted in the plasma concentration determination of various effective constituents,and main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated.RESULTS Various effective constituents in the large dose group demonstrated prolonged t1/2,MRT0-∞ as compared with those in the conventional dose group(P＜0.05).After dose correction,Cmax of chlorogenic acid,isoquercetin,shionone in the large dose group displayed no obvious changes(P＞0.05),while Cmax of ferulic acid,isorhamnetin,and AUC0-t,AUC0-∞ of various effective constituents were higher than those in the conventional dose group(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION Various effective constituents in the high dose of Asteris Radix et Rhizoma can maintain high-concentration and long-time effects on rat bladder tissue.