Objective:To investigate the predictive value of pre-infarction angina(PIA)combined with serum lipo-protein-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2)for no-reflow during primary percutaneous coronary interven-tion(PCI)in elderly patients with new-onset acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).Meth-ods:A total of 189 patients who hospitalized because of acute STEMI and underwent primary PCI within 12h in De-partment of Cardiology,Cangzhou People's Hospital between January 2018 and December 2022 were enrolled.Ac-cording to their TIMI blood flow during PCI,the patients were divided into no reflow group(n=42)and normal re-flow group(n=147).The baseline data were compared between two groups.Multivariate Logistic regression analy-sis was used to analyze the risk factors of no-reflow during PCI.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was plotted to evaluate the predictive value of PIA and Lp-PLA2 for no-reflow.Results:PI A occurred in 73 cases(38.6％),and no reflow occurred in 42 cases(22.2％)during primary PCI.Compared with patients in normal re-flow group,those in no reflow group had significant higher Lp-PLA2[(341.33±98.32)ng/ml vs.(261.95±75.21)ng/ml]and onset to reperfusion time[(7.02±1.28)h vs.(5.14±1.48)h],and significant lower incidence of PIA(23.8％ vs.42.9％)(P＜0.05 or＜0.01).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that Lp-PLA2(OR=1.528,95％CI 1.028～2.030,P＜0.001),onset to reperfusion time(OR=2.602,95％CI 1.848～3.665,P＜0.001)were independent risk factors for no reflow during PCI in elderly STEMI patients,while PIA was an inde-pendent protective factor(OR=0.261,95％CI 0.101～0.671,P=0.005).The area under ROC curve of Lp-PLA2 combined PIA was 0.863(95％CI 0.806～0.909),which was significantly higher than those of Lp-PLA2[0.733(95％CI 0.664～0.794),Z=2.690,P=0.007]and PIA alone[0.609(95％CI 0.535～0.679),Z=5.657,P＜0.001].Conclusion:Pre-infarction angina has an important protective effect on no-reflow in STEMI patients.High Lp-PLA2 and absence of pre-infarction angina at admission may be good predictors of no-reflow during primary PCI in elderly patients with newly-onset acute STEMI,and it contributes to risk stratification of high risk patients.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of pre-infarction angina(PIA)combined with serum lipo-protein-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2)for no-reflow during primary percutaneous coronary interven-tion(PCI)in elderly patients with new-onset acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).Meth-ods:A total of 189 patients who hospitalized because of acute STEMI and underwent primary PCI within 12h in De-partment of Cardiology,Cangzhou People's Hospital between January 2018 and December 2022 were enrolled.Ac-cording to their TIMI blood flow during PCI,the patients were divided into no reflow group(n=42)and normal re-flow group(n=147).The baseline data were compared between two groups.Multivariate Logistic regression analy-sis was used to analyze the risk factors of no-reflow during PCI.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was plotted to evaluate the predictive value of PIA and Lp-PLA2 for no-reflow.Results:PI A occurred in 73 cases(38.6％),and no reflow occurred in 42 cases(22.2％)during primary PCI.Compared with patients in normal re-flow group,those in no reflow group had significant higher Lp-PLA2[(341.33±98.32)ng/ml vs.(261.95±75.21)ng/ml]and onset to reperfusion time[(7.02±1.28)h vs.(5.14±1.48)h],and significant lower incidence of PIA(23.8％ vs.42.9％)(P＜0.05 or＜0.01).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that Lp-PLA2(OR=1.528,95％CI 1.028～2.030,P＜0.001),onset to reperfusion time(OR=2.602,95％CI 1.848～3.665,P＜0.001)were independent risk factors for no reflow during PCI in elderly STEMI patients,while PIA was an inde-pendent protective factor(OR=0.261,95％CI 0.101～0.671,P=0.005).The area under ROC curve of Lp-PLA2 combined PIA was 0.863(95％CI 0.806～0.909),which was significantly higher than those of Lp-PLA2[0.733(95％CI 0.664～0.794),Z=2.690,P=0.007]and PIA alone[0.609(95％CI 0.535～0.679),Z=5.657,P＜0.001].Conclusion:Pre-infarction angina has an important protective effect on no-reflow in STEMI patients.High Lp-PLA2 and absence of pre-infarction angina at admission may be good predictors of no-reflow during primary PCI in elderly patients with newly-onset acute STEMI,and it contributes to risk stratification of high risk patients.

This study was aimed at identifying the pathogenic bacteria responsible for the death of a young tiger at the Fujian Meihua Mountain South China Tiger Breeding Research Institute.Tissue samples from the lungs,liver,and intestines of the deceased tiger were collected,and the bacteria were cultured inasterile environment.The bacterial strains were characterized according to their morphological and molecular biological properties,including assessment of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes,mouse lethality tests,and antibiotic susceptibility evaluations.A predominant bacterial strain isolated from the liver of the deceased tiger was identified as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)strain Tiger22513F.Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the Tiger22513F strain exhibited close genetic similarity to the reference strain ETEC(MF919609.1),with 99.9%nucleotide similarity,and resided on the same evolutionary branch.The Tiger22513F strain contained 11 antibiotic resistance genes(tetA,sul1,sul3,cmlA,floR,blaTEM,blaSHV,blaCMY-2,qnrA,qnrS,and qnrD)along with five virulence genes(VT1,fyuA,tsh,iucD,and ST).Mouse lethality tests indicated significant pathogenicity toward mice,affecting primarily the lungs,liver,and intestines.Antibiotic susceptibility testing demonstrated that this strain exhibited resistance to various classes of beta-lactam antibiotics,as well as quinolones and aminoglycosides.This investigation successfully isolated a multi-drug resistant enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain with pronounced pathogenicity from the liver of a deceased tiger;thus providing valuable scientific insights for clinical diagnosis,as well as prevention and control measures,against ETEC infections in South China tigers.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality based on the 10-year population-based multicenter prospective study. METHODS: A general population-based multicenter prospective study was conducted at four sites in rural China between 2013 and 2023. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to assess the association between BMI and mortality. Stratified analyses were performed based on the individual characteristics of the participants. RESULTS: Overall, 19,107 participants with a sum of 163,095 person-years were included and 1,910 participants died. The underweight (< 18.5 kg/m ²) presented an increase in all-cause mortality (adjusted hazards ratio [ aHR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [ CI]: 1.66-2.41), while overweight (≥ 24.0 to < 28.0 kg/m ²) and obesity (≥ 28.0 kg/m ²) presented a decrease with an aHR of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.52-0.73) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.37-0.70), respectively. Overweight ( aHR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67-0.86) and mild obesity ( aHR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59-0.87) had a positive impact on mortality in people older than 60 years. All-cause mortality decreased rapidly until reaching a BMI of 25.7 kg/m ² ( aHR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98) and increased slightly above that value, indicating a U-shaped association. The beneficial impact of being overweight on mortality was robust in most subgroups and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION This study provides additional evidence that overweight and mild obesity may be inversely related to the risk of death in individuals older than 60 years. Therefore, it is essential to consider age differences when formulating health and weight management strategies.
Humans ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data* ; Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Adult ; Mortality ; Cause of Death ; Obesity/mortality* ; Overweight/mortality*

This study was aimed at identifying the pathogenic bacteria responsible for the death of a young tiger at the Fujian Meihua Mountain South China Tiger Breeding Research Institute.Tissue samples from the lungs,liver,and intestines of the deceased tiger were collected,and the bacteria were cultured inasterile environment.The bacterial strains were characterized according to their morphological and molecular biological properties,including assessment of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes,mouse lethality tests,and antibiotic susceptibility evaluations.A predominant bacterial strain isolated from the liver of the deceased tiger was identified as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)strain Tiger22513F.Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the Tiger22513F strain exhibited close genetic similarity to the reference strain ETEC(MF919609.1),with 99.9%nucleotide similarity,and resided on the same evolutionary branch.The Tiger22513F strain contained 11 antibiotic resistance genes(tetA,sul1,sul3,cmlA,floR,blaTEM,blaSHV,blaCMY-2,qnrA,qnrS,and qnrD)along with five virulence genes(VT1,fyuA,tsh,iucD,and ST).Mouse lethality tests indicated significant pathogenicity toward mice,affecting primarily the lungs,liver,and intestines.Antibiotic susceptibility testing demonstrated that this strain exhibited resistance to various classes of beta-lactam antibiotics,as well as quinolones and aminoglycosides.This investigation successfully isolated a multi-drug resistant enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain with pronounced pathogenicity from the liver of a deceased tiger;thus providing valuable scientific insights for clinical diagnosis,as well as prevention and control measures,against ETEC infections in South China tigers.

BACKGROUND: Based on the China-VHD database, this study sought to develop and validate a Valvular Heart Disease- specific Age-adjusted Comorbidity Index (VHD-ACI) for predicting mortality risk in patients with VHD. METHODS & RESULTS: The China-VHD study was a nationwide, multi-centre multi-centre cohort study enrolling 13,917 patients with moderate or severe VHD across 46 medical centres in China between April-June 2018. After excluding cases with missing key variables, 11,459 patients were retained for final analysis. The primary endpoint was 2-year all-cause mortality, with 941 deaths (10.0%) observed during follow-up. The VHD-ACI was derived after identifying 13 independent mortality predictors: cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary artery hypertension, low body weight, anaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, renal insufficiency, moderate/severe hepatic dysfunction, heart failure, cancer, NYHA functional class and age. The index exhibited good discrimination (AUC, 0.79) and calibration (Brier score, 0.062) in the total cohort, outperforming both EuroSCORE II and ACCI (P < 0.001 for comparison). Internal validation through 100 bootstrap iterations yielded a C statistic of 0.694 (95% CI: 0.665-0.723) for 2-year mortality prediction. VHD-ACI scores, as a continuous variable (VHD-ACI score: adjusted HR (95% CI): 1.263 (1.245-1.282), P < 0.001) or categorized using thresholds determined by the Yoden index (VHD-ACI ≥ 9 vs. < 9, adjusted HR (95% CI): 6.216 (5.378-7.184), P < 0.001), were independently associated with mortality. The prognostic performance remained consistent across all VHD subtypes (aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation, tricuspid valve disease, mixed aortic/mitral valve disease and multiple VHD), and clinical subgroups stratified by therapeutic strategy, LVEF status (preserved vs. reduced), disease severity and etiology. CONCLUSION The VHD-ACI is a simple 13-comorbidity algorithm for the prediction of mortality in VHD patients and providing a simple and rapid tool for risk stratification.

Objective This study aims to understand the carriage status of Beilong virus(BeiV)in small mammals in Haikou, a city in Hainan Province, China, to provide a basis for the prevention and control of BeiV. Methods Following field sampling, a cDNA library was constructed from the tissues of small mammal specimens, including heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, intestine, and muscle tissues. The presence of BeiV was detected using PCR, and some purified L gene fragments were subjected to Sanger sequencing. The complete genome sequences of members of the Paramyxoviridae virus family were obtained from the NCBI database using Python, using MAFFT(version 7)and MEGA-X for multiple sequence alignment and neighbor-joining method to construct a phylogenetic tree. Results A total of 38 rodent samples were collected, revealing a positive rate of 5.26%, with Rattus norvegicus exhibiting a positive rate of 7.41%. Evolutionary analysis indicated that BeiV carried by R. norvegicus in Haikou was similar to that found in R. norvegicus in Hong Kong,China, although notable genetic variations were also observed. Conclusions This study reports the first detection of BeiV in Haikou. Considering the reports of newly discovered Paramyxoviridae viruses in recent decades and the identification of BeiV in small mammals across more than a dozen provinces, it is evident that the distribution range of BeiV is much broader than previously assumed. This highlights the importance of enhancing rodent monitoring and control, as well as the screening and prevention of rodent-related pathogens.

Objective To investigate the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndromes and related risk factors in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP).Methods The clinical data of 420 children with MPP admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine were collected.The clinical data included gender,age,history of respiratory tract diseases,TCM syndromes,MPP classification,cough duration,fever duration,fever peak value,laboratory indicators of C-reactive protein(CRP),procalcitonin(PCT)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),and the complication of infection.SPSS 26.0 software was used for data statistics,and then the distribution of TCM syndromes in children with MPP and its correlation with various clinical data,as well as the related risk factors of MPP with different classification and various TCM syndromes were explored.Results(1)Among the 420 children with MPP,there were 283 cases(67.4％)of mild MPP,76 cases(18.1％)of refractory MPP,and 61 cases(14.5％)of severe MPP.For the distribution of TCM syndromes,there were 152 cases(36.2％)of wind-heat obstructing the lung syndrome,141 cases(33.6％)of phlegm-heat obstructing the lung syndrome,77 cases(18.3％)of damp-heat obstructing the lung syndrome,25 cases(6.0％)of toxin-heat obstructing the lung syndrome,16 cases(3.8％)of lung-spleen qi deficiency syndrome,and 9 cases(2.1％)of yin deficiency and lung heat syndrome.For the classification of infection,there were 295 cases(70.2％)of simple mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)infection and 125 cases(29.8％)of mixed infection.(2)There were statistically significant differences in age stratification and visit season among MPP children with different TCM syndromes(P＜0.01),while no significant differences were shown in the gender,history of respiratory tract diseases,and the complication of infection(P＞0.05).(3)There were statistically significant differences in the visit season,history of respiratory tract diseases,and the complication of infection among the children with various MPP types(P＜0.05),while no significant differences were shown in the gender and age stratification(P＞0.05).(4)There were statistically significant differences in laboratory indicators of CRP and PCT and in the symptoms of cough duration,fever duration and fever peak among MPP children with different TCM syndromes(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).(5)Significant differences were presented in laboratory indicators of PCT and LDH and in the symptoms of cough duration,fever duration and fever peak value among the children with different MPP types(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).(6)Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that CRP level ≥10.5 mg/L and wind-heat obstructing the lung syndrome were the independent risk factors for mild MPP(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);fever duration≥7 days,cough duration ≥ 12 days and phlegm-heat obstructing the lung syndrome were the independent risk factors for refractory MPP(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);cough duration ≥ 12 days,mixed infection and toxin-heat obstructing the lung syndrome were the independent risk factors for severe MPP(P＜0.01).Conclusion The results indicated that the classification MPP in children is predominated by mild MPP,and their TCM syndrome types is predominated by wind-heat obstructing the lung syndrome.The proportions of refractory MPP and damp-heat obstructing the lung syndrome increase significantly in autumn,which may be related to the characteristics of regional environment and circuit qi.The increase of CRP level and fever peak may be related to phlegm-heat obstructing the lung syndrome and toxin-heat obstructing the lung syndrome.In clinic,attention should be paid to the early use of heat-clearing and phlegm-resolving drugs or heat-clearing and toxin-removing drugs;children with the history of respiratory tract diseases and mixed infections are more likely to develop into severe MPP,and the physicians should be alert clinically.Wind-heat obstructing the lung syndrome,phlegm-heat obstructing the lung syndrome and toxin-heat obstructing the lung syndrome are the independent risk factor separately for mild MPP,refractory MPP and severe MPP,which requires timely intervention to prevent mild MPP from developing into refractory MPP or severe MPP in clinic.

Objective To evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics and safety of single and multiple oral azvudine tablets in healthy young and elderly Chinese subjects.Methods This was a open-label and parallel-group study.The trial consisted of two groups:healthy young subjects group and healthy elderly subjects group,with 12 subjects in each group.Enrolled subjects were first given a single dose,fasting oral azvudine tablet 5 mg,after a 3-day cleansing period entered the multiple dose phase,fasting oral azvudine tablet 5 mg·d-1 for 7 days.Results After a single dose of azvudine 5 mg,Cmax and AUC0-∞ were(4.76±2.12)ng·mL-1,(6.53±2.20)ng·mL-1·h,and Tmax,t1/2 were 0.75,1.87 h in young subjects;Cmax and AUC0-∞ were(6.40±3.25)ng·mL-1,(9.50±3.70)ng·mL-1·h,and Tmax,t1/2 were 0.63,2.66 h in elderly subjects.After a multiple dose of azvudine 5 mg·d-1 for 7 d,Cmax and AUC0-∞ were(3.26±1.61)ng·mL-1,(5.38±2.19)ng·mL-1·h,and Tmax,ss,t1/2,ss were 0.88,2.13 h in young subjects;Cmax,ss and AUC0-∞,ss were(3.97±2.09)ng·mL-1,(6.71±3.26)ng·mL-1·h,and Tmax,ss,t1/2,ss were 0.75,2.56 h in elderly subjects.Elderly/young geometric mean ratios and 90％CIs were 128.37％(88.23％-186.76％),139.93％(105.42％-185.72％),140.03％(106.33％-184.41％)for azvudine Cmax,AUC0-t,AUC0-∞ after a single dose,and were 118.66％(80.83％-174.20％),118.41％(83.60％-167.69％),118.95％(84.78％-166.89％)for azvudine Cmax,AUC0-t,AUC0_∞ after a multiple dose of azvudine 5 mg·d-1 for 7 d.Conclusion After single and multiple oral administration of azvudine tablets,systemic exposure to azvudine was higher in healthy elderly subjects compared with healthy young subjects.After taking azvudine tablets,the types,severity and incidence of adverse events and adverse drug reactions in healthy elderly people were not significantly different from those in healthy young subjects.Azvudine was found to be safe and well tolerated in healthy elderly subjects.

Objective:To explore the predictive value of admission serum homocysteine levels and quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) indicators for adverse outcomes in patients with cerebral hemorrhage.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 89 patients, who were collected as the study objects with hemorrhagic stroke treated in the neurology intensive care unit at Kailuan General Hospital from January 2017 to December 2022. Patients were categorized into two groups based on modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at discharge: a good prognosis group (mRS≤2) and a poor prognosis group (mRS 3-6). Clinical data and qEEG monitoring of various brain regions were collected. The impact factors of hemorrhagic prognosis were analyzed using multifactorial logistic regression. ROC curve analysis was performed to assess the predictive value of qEEG and admission homocysteine levels for adverse outcomes in hemorrhagic stroke patients.Results:(1) The age of the poor prognosis group was higher than that of the good prognosis group((66.51+13.64) to (60.53+11.69), t=2.15, P=0.034) and admission serum homocysteine levels were significantly higher in the poor prognosis group than in the good prognosis group (17.28(15.52,24.72)mmol/L to 14.50(10.28,16.00)mmol/L, Z=4.14, P<0.001). (2) In the poor prognosis group, power values of δ brain waves in leads Fp1-2, F4, C4, P4, F8, and T4 were higher than those in the good prognosis group (87.99(41.57,196.69) to 50.67(26.64,54.75), Z=2.76, P=0.006); (79.17(40.71,200.00) to 45.06(20.22,61.00), Z=2.10, P=0.036); (72.64(34.97,219.78) to 34.42(19.81,63.4), Z=2.03, P=0.043); (65.06(33.36,177.45) to 28.12(15.88,63.36), Z=2.08, P=0.038); (52.92(25.64,187.91) to 23.61(11.67,43.26), Z=2.21, P=0.027); (66.67(32.56,180.76) to 36.31(17.2,53.78), Z=2.46, P=0.014); (57.30(25.24,127.04) to 29.57(11.91,41.89), Z=2.26, P=0.024). Power values of θ brain waves in leads Fp1-2, F3, F4, C3, C4, P3-4, O1, F7-8, and T3-4 were higher in the poor prognosis group(77.45(47.63,138.72)比35.88(20.92,44.81), Z=3.50, P<0.001); (77.05(35.16,120.22) to 38.74(19.86,58.09), Z=2.27, P=0.023); (85.24(52.53,147.90) to 35.42(14.7,52.59), Z=2.61, P=0.009); (75.81(37.90,124.97) to 36.85(17.92,55.43), Z=2.30, P=0.021); (72.00(43.92,123.54) to 28.37(14.02,51.9), Z=2.22, P=0.027); (67.08(32.01,104.05) to 31.32(17.98,45.28), Z=2.10, P=0.035); (55.33(32.29,94.30) to 25.64(11.87,34.01), Z=2.24, P=0.025); (48.84(20.64,96.28) to 19.85(9.83,28.58), Z=2.30, P=0.022);(48.46(25.06,81.78) to 23.95(8.80,29.16), Z=2.51, P=0.012); (64.46(39.38,112.44) to 26.85(15.74,39.58), Z=2.80, P=0.005); (65.68(31.78,102.00) to 31.09(15.98,46.96), Z=2.38, P=0.017); (45.26(28.34,73.14) to 21.45(10.57,36.59), Z=2.04, P=0.042); (43.50(22.58,78.67) to 25.45(11.91,32.26), Z=2.22, P=0.027). Power values of slow-wave index in leads Fp1-2, F3-4, C3-4, P4, F7-8, and T4, as well as the overall brain average, were higher in the poor prognosis group (6.64(2.98,10.42) to 3.65(2.31,4.30), Z=2.65, P=0.01); (6.53(3.96,11.65) to 3.53(2.56,4.51), Z=2.30, P=0.022); (7.38(4.62,13.12) to 3.83(1.70,4.71), Z=2.38, P=0.017); (5.88(4.02,12.15) to 3.18(2.21,4.46), Z=2.29, P=0.022); (6.13(3.83,11.22) to 2.97(1.53,4.58), Z=2.01, P=0.044); (6.07(3.53,9.39) to 2.74(2.00,3.81), Z=2.40, P=0.016);(4.11(2.51,9.23) to 2.18(1.37,2.82), Z=2.25, P=0.024); (5.71(3.81,10.44) to 3.22(1.86,4.04), Z=2.28, P=0.023); (6.00(3.65,10.37) to 3.04(2.00,4.00), Z=2.39, P=0.017); (4.08(2.56,8.33) to 2.08(1.60,3.14), Z=2.50, P=0.013), with significant statistical differences noted (5.45(3.31,10.08) to 3.17(2.02,4.88), Z=3.62, P=0.005). (3) Logistic regression results showed that admission homocysteine levels ( OR 1.311,95% CI 1.008-1.705, P=0.044), admission NIHSS scores ( OR 1.588,95% CI 1.074-2.349, P=0.020), and overall brain average slow-wave index were influencing factors for poor prognosis in cerebral hemorrhage ( OR 8.596,95% CI 1.088-67.889, P=0.041). (4) ROC curve analysis revealed that the AUC for predicting adverse outcomes in cerebral hemorrhage was 0.768 (95% CI (0.665, 0.872)) for admission homocysteine levels, 0.743 (95% CI (0.634, 0.852)) for the overall brain average slow-wave index, and 0.896 (95% CI (0.827, 0.965)) for admission NIHSS. The cutoff values were 15.67, 3.62, and 8.5, respectively. Sensitivity was 77.8%, 71.1%, and 68.9%, and specificity was 59.4%, 68.7%, and 100%, respectively. The Youden indices were 0.372, 0.398, and 0.689. Conclusion:In the acute phase of cerebral hemorrhage, electroencephalographic physiological changes manifest shows an increase in the δ, θ, and slow-wave index throughout the entire brain. Higher admission homocysteine levels suggest a worse prognosis in patients with cerebral hemorrhage. Admission homocysteine levels and overall brain average slow-wave index have certain predictive value for adverse outcomes in acute cerebral hemorrhage.