ObjectiveThis study leverages structural data from antigen-antibody complexes of the influenza A virus neuraminidase (NA) protein to investigate the spatial recognition relationship between the antigenic epitopes and antibody paratopes. MethodsStructural data on NA protein antigen-antibody complexes were comprehensively collected from the SAbDab database, and processed to obtain the amino acid sequences and spatial distribution information on antigenic epitopes and corresponding antibody paratopes. Statistical analysis was conducted on the antibody sequences, frequency of use of genes, amino acid preferences, and the lengths of complementarity determining regions (CDR). Epitope hotspots for antibody binding were analyzed, and the spatial structural similarity of antibody paratopes was calculated and subjected to clustering, which allowed for a comprehensively exploration of the spatial recognition relationship between antigenic epitopes and antibodies. The specificity of antibodies targeting different antigenic epitope clusters was further validated through bio-layer interferometry (BLI) experiments. ResultsThe collected data revealed that the antigen-antibody complex structure data of influenza A virus NA protein in SAbDab database were mainly from H3N2, H7N9 and H1N1 subtypes. The hotspot regions of antigen epitopes were primarily located around the catalytic active site. The antibodies used for structural analysis were primarily derived from human and murine sources. Among murine antibodies, the most frequently used V-J gene combination was IGHV1-12*01/IGHJ2*01, while for human antibodies, the most common combination was IGHV1-69*01/IGHJ6*01. There were significant differences in the lengths and usage preferences of heavy chain CDR amino acids between antibodies that bind within the catalytic active site and those that bind to regions outside the catalytic active site. The results revealed that structurally similar antibodies could recognize the same epitopes, indicating a specific spatial recognition between antibody and antigen epitopes. Structural overlap in the binding regions was observed for antibodies with similar paratope structures, and the competitive binding of these antibodies to the epitope was confirmed through BLI experiments. ConclusionThe antigen epitopes of NA protein mainly ditributed around the catalytic active site and its surrounding loops. Spatial complementarity and electrostatic interactions play crucial roles in the recognition and binding of antibodies to antigenic epitopes in the catalytic region. There existed a spatial recognition relationship between antigens and antibodies that was independent of the uniqueness of antibody sequences, which means that antibodies with different sequences could potentially form similar local spatial structures and recognize the same epitopes.

BACKGROUND:There have been many studies on biofeedback therapy and three-dimensional gait function analysis for chronic non-specific low back pain at home and abroad,but few studies on the combination of the two have been reported. OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of biofeedback assisted electrical stimulation on the change of walking ability in chronic non-specific low back pain by collecting gait parameter data through three-dimensional gait analysis. METHODS:Sixty patients with chronic non-specific low back pain,34 males and 26 females,aged 32-58 years,were selected and admitted to First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University from June 2021 to September 2022.They were divided into control group(n=30)and trial group(n=30)according to the principle of random allocation.Both groups of patients received conventional treatment of dynamic interference with the waist,20 minutes/time,once/day,5 times a week,for 20 times.The control group received supine bypass and prone bypass suspension core muscle training on the basis of conventional treatment,5 times a week,for 20 times.The trial group received biofeedback assisted electrical stimulation therapy on the basis of the control group,20 minutes/time,once/day,5 times a week,for 20 times.The low back pain score,the mean value of electromyography and the gait parameters were compared and analyzed before and after treatment between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)After treatment,the numerical rating scale score,Japanese Orthopaedic Association score,and Oswestry disability index of the two groups were significantly improved compared with those before treatment(P<0.05).Numerical rating scale score,Japanese Orthopaedic Association score,and Oswestry disability index of the trial group were better than those of the control group(P<0.05).(2)After treatment,the mean values of surface electromyography of rectus abdominis,gluteus maximus,and erector spinae muscle in the two groups were higher than those before treatment(P<0.05),and the mean values of surface electromyography of rectus abdominis,gluteus maximus,and erector spinae muscle in the trial group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).(3)After treatment,the step width,step speed,step frequency,step length ratio between healthy and diseased sides,the relative value of support between healthy and diseased sides,the relative value of swing between diseased and healthy sides,the sagittal motion range of hip joint and knee joint between healthy and diseased sides and the foot angle between healthy and diseased sides were all better than those before treatment in both groups(P<0.05).The above indexes of the trial group were better than those of the control group after treatment(P<0.05).(4)These results suggest that biofeedback assisted electrical stimulation can significantly alleviate chronic non-specific low back pain,and improve the lower limb walking function.

Objective: To explore the relationship between psychological resilience and attention bias towards negative information in secondary vocational school students, so as to provide reference for developing their mental health work. Methods: In May, 2024, 177 secondary vocational students were selected from the technical secondary vocational school by convenient sampling method. The experiment utilized a mixed experimental design of 2 (group: high psychological resilience group, low psychological resilience group) ×2 (type of stimulus: negative stimulus, neutral stimulus). Adolescents were divided into the high psychological resilience group ( n =32) and the low psychological resilience group ( n =31) based on their scores from the Adolescent Psychological Resilience Scale. Both groups completed the classical dot probing task, with correct rate, reaction time serving and attention biasvalues as primary indicators to assess attention bias. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the reaction time and accuracy of attention bias tasks between two groups of participants, and Pearson correlation analysis was performed on the five dimensions of psychological resilience and attention bias values. Results: The low resilience group exhibited significantly faster response time to negative stimuli compared to neutral stimuli [(579.11±85.44, 586.13±78.92)ms, F (1,61)=5.93, P <0.05]. Additionally, the accuracy of responses to negative stimuli in the low resilience group was significantly lower than that of neutral stimuli [(0.93±0.12, 0.95±0.09), F (1,61)=12.81, P <0.01]. Attention bias values were significantly higher in the low resilience group (7.03±18.43) compared to the high resilience group (-2.54±13.39) ( t =2.36, P <0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a marginally significant negative correlation between the interpersonal assistance (2.85±0.77) and attention bias values (2.20±16.65) ( r=-0.25, P <0.05). Conclusion Secondary vocational school students with low psychological resilience showed a significant attention bias towards negative emotional stimuli, which may render them more susceptible to such stimuli.

OBJECTIVE To summarize the current status of position training for clinical pharmacists in China and provide references for the continuous optimization of such training programs. METHODS SinoMed， CNKI，VIP and Wanfang Data were electronically searched to collect position training of clinical pharmacists studies from the inception until November 5th 2024. After data extraction and quality evaluation， descriptive analysis was performed on the results of the included studies. RESULTS & A total of 68 pieces of relevant literature were included in the study. Among them， 50 studies reported on training content， 49 involved the allocation of teaching resources in the bases， 48 addressed training methods， and 39 focused on training evaluation； only 2 studies mentioned faculty development. There were notable variations in the clinical pharmacist training programs across different bases， particularly in the allocation of teaching resources， such as the composition of the teaching team and the utilization of auxiliary teaching tools. Additionally， differences existed in training approaches， such as those employing a single method versus a blended approach. Conversely， the core training content of each base generally revolved around clinical pharmacy practice， demonstrating a degree of consistency. Moreover， the overall emphasis on teacher training and assessment tended to be obviously insufficient. Each base can focus on enhancing the competence of clinical pharmacists by allocating teaching resources， selecting training methods， improving training content， and using evaluation tools， to further enhance the quality of clinical pharmacist training.

As a key member of the insulin-like growth factor family， insulin-like growth factor-‍Ⅰ （IGF-‍Ⅰ） is mainly synthesized in the liver and is widely distributed in the human body， and it is involved in the physiological processes such as cell proliferation， differentiation， metabolism， and apoptosis. Studies have shown that the level of IGF-‍Ⅰ is negatively correlated with the severity of liver cirrhosis， and IGF-‍Ⅰ mainly affects the progression of liver cirrhosis by inhibiting liver fibrosis， promoting DNA damage repair， and regulating lipid metabolism. Monitoring of IGF-‍Ⅰ level is expected to provide an evaluation indicator for improving the prognosis of patients with liver cirrhosis， and stimulating the action pathway of IGF-‍Ⅰ or regulating its expression level may become a new method for the treatment of liver cirrhosis. This article reviews the research advances in IGF-‍Ⅰ in liver cirrhosis， in order to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of liver cirrhosis.

ObjectivePrimary liver cancer, predominantly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a significant global health issue, ranking as the sixth most diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Accurate and early diagnosis of HCC is crucial for effective treatment, as HCC and non-HCC malignancies like intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) exhibit different prognoses and treatment responses. Traditional diagnostic methods, including liver biopsy and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), face limitations in applicability and objectivity. The primary objective of this study was to develop an advanced, light-weighted classification network capable of distinguishing HCC from other non-HCC malignancies by leveraging the automatic analysis of brightness changes in CEUS images. The ultimate goal was to create a user-friendly and cost-efficient computer-aided diagnostic tool that could assist radiologists in making more accurate and efficient clinical decisions. MethodsThis retrospective study encompassed a total of 161 patients, comprising 131 diagnosed with HCC and 30 with non-HCC malignancies. To achieve accurate tumor detection, the YOLOX network was employed to identify the region of interest (ROI) on both B-mode ultrasound and CEUS images. A custom-developed algorithm was then utilized to extract brightness change curves from the tumor and adjacent liver parenchyma regions within the CEUS images. These curves provided critical data for the subsequent analysis and classification process. To analyze the extracted brightness change curves and classify the malignancies, we developed and compared several models. These included one-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1D-ResNet, 1D-ConvNeXt, and 1D-CNN), as well as traditional machine-learning methods such as support vector machine (SVM), ensemble learning (EL), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), and decision tree (DT). The diagnostic performance of each method in distinguishing HCC from non-HCC malignancies was rigorously evaluated using four key metrics: area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC), accuracy (ACC), sensitivity (SE), and specificity (SP). ResultsThe evaluation of the machine-learning methods revealed AUC values of 0.70 for SVM, 0.56 for ensemble learning, 0.63 for KNN, and 0.72 for the decision tree. These results indicated moderate to fair performance in classifying the malignancies based on the brightness change curves. In contrast, the deep learning models demonstrated significantly higher AUCs, with 1D-ResNet achieving an AUC of 0.72, 1D-ConvNeXt reaching 0.82, and 1D-CNN obtaining the highest AUC of 0.84. Moreover, under the five-fold cross-validation scheme, the 1D-CNN model outperformed other models in both accuracy and specificity. Specifically, it achieved accuracy improvements of 3.8% to 10.0% and specificity enhancements of 6.6% to 43.3% over competing approaches. The superior performance of the 1D-CNN model highlighted its potential as a powerful tool for accurate classification. ConclusionThe 1D-CNN model proved to be the most effective in differentiating HCC from non-HCC malignancies, surpassing both traditional machine-learning methods and other deep learning models. This study successfully developed a user-friendly and cost-efficient computer-aided diagnostic solution that would significantly enhances radiologists’ diagnostic capabilities. By improving the accuracy and efficiency of clinical decision-making, this tool has the potential to positively impact patient care and outcomes. Future work may focus on further refining the model and exploring its integration with multimodal ultrasound data to maximize its accuracy and applicability.

Objective To analyze the differentially expressed ferroptosis genes in the blood of patients with multiple system atrophy(MSA),and to find a new direction for diagnosis and treatment.Methods Blood samples were collected from patients with MSA and sub-jected to high-throughput whole-genome sequencing analysis.The data were processed,and differentially expressed lncRNA and mRNAs genes were screened.Ferroptosis genes were further screened for gene ontology(GO)enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network construction.The MCODE plugin in Cytoscape was used to screen key gene modules.A ferroptosis competing endogenous RNA(ceRNA)network was constructed,and gene-drug association analysis was performed on the mRNAs genes in the network.Results A total of 34 ferroptosis mRNAs genes were identified.Hub modules and ceRNA network construction revealed that both networks con-tained MAPK14 and MTF1.Predictive drug gene analysis revealed that MAPK14 had numerous drug treatment targets.PCR results showed that MAPK14 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in MSA group compared with healthy control group.Conclusion Ferroptosis genes are differentially expressed in the peripheral blood of patients with MSA,and these differentially expressed genes may be related to abnormal lipid metabolism and oxidative stress pathways.Among these,the hub gene MAPK14may play an important role in the regulatory network and is an excellent potential drug therapeutic target and diagnostic marker.

Aim To investigate the synergistic sensiti-zation effect of saikosaponin D(SSD)combined with temozolomide(TMZ)on glioblastoma cells(GBM)and its molecular mechanism.Methods The sensitiv-ity of RG-2,U251 and LN-428 GBM cell lines to SSD and TMZ was analyzed by CCK-8 method combined with HE staining,and the optimal compatible concen-tration was screened.The effect of HE staining com-bined with Hoechst fluorescence staining on the prolif-eration of GBM cell line was detected by clonal forma-tion experiment.The autophagosome formation of GBM cells was observed by monodansylcadaverine(MDC)staining.The expression and distribution of endoplas-mic reticulum stress-related factors and apoptosis and autophagy proteins were detected by Western blot and ICC.Results The sensitivity order of GBM cells to TMZ was RG-2＞U251＞LN-428.The results of com-bined administration showed the synergistic inhibitory effect of SSD combined with TMZ on proliferation of GBM cell lines,which was confirmed by cell cloning formation experiment.Compared with the TMZ group,Hoechst fluorescence staining showed a significant in-crease in the number of nuclear bright staining in the combined administration group.MDC fluorescence staining showed that there were more dense green parti-cles in the cytoplasm of SSD/TMZ plus group than that of TMZ group.Western blot results showed that com-pared with TMZ group,the expression of ER stress markers GRP78,CHOP,p-PERK and ATF6 signifi-cantly increased in SSD/TMZ group(P＜0.05).The expressions of apoptosis proteins caspase-12,caspase-9,caspase-3,cleaved caspase-3,Bax and autophagy proteins LC3 and Beclin-1 significantly increased(P＜0.05),which were verified by ICC test.Conclusions SSD can cooperate with TMZ to inhibit the prolifera-tion of GBM cells and induce apoptosis and autophagy,and enhance the sensitivity of GBM cells to TMZ by ac-tivating endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway.

Aim To study the proliferation,invasion and migration ability of Quaking(QKI)in gastric cancer(GC)via elucidating the molecular mechanisms associated with QKI in the occurrence and development of GC through bioinformatics.Methods Differential expression analysis of QKI was performed across vari-ous human cancer samples by merging data from the TCGA and GTEx databases.The correlation was ana-lyzed between QKI protein expression and tumor muta-tion burden(TMB)score,microsatellite instability(MSI)score,and ESTIMATE score,and the correla-tion was also explored between QKI protein expression and overall survival(OS),disease free survival(DFS),and progression free survival(PFS).EMT related genes that could encode DECircRNAs were ob-tained through bioinformatics analysis to construct a QKI-EMT-circRNAs regulatory network.The differenti-ally expressed circRNAs and EMT related genes in TMK1 cells were verified.The proliferation,invasion and migration ability of the QKI was studied by using the knockdown system.Results QKI was differential-ly expressed in the vast majority of tumors and was closely related to TMB,MSI,and tumor microenviron-ment(TME);QKI emerged as a high-risk factor for predicting OS,DFS,and PFS in individuals with com-mon human cancers.QKI regulated the splicing of 6 EMT related gene transcripts to form eight circRNAs,all of which were significantly associated with the prog-nosis of gastric cancer patients.Cell experiments showed that compared to normal gastric epithelial cells,only hsa_ccirc_0004015,CALD1,and CDK14 were down-regulated in TMK1 cells.Knocking down QKI inhibited the proliferation,invasion and migration ability of TMK1 cells.Conclusion QKI exerts regu-latory control over the transcription of six EMT-related genes,resulting in the formation of circRNAs,thereby promoting the pathogenesis and progression of GC.QKI is highly expressed in TMK1 cells,and knock-down of QKI can inhibit the proliferation,invasion and migration ability of TMK1 cells.

Aim To explore the protective effect of an-thocyanin B2(PCB2)on hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in human oli-godendrocytes(MO3.13)and the underlying mecha-nism.Methods The optimal concentration of H2O2 and PCB2 for action was screened,and divided into normal group,PCB2 group(100 mg·L-1 PCB2 treat-ment for 24 hours),H2 O2 model group(500 μmol·L-1 H2O2 treatment for 24 hours),and H2O2+PCB2 group(500 μmol·L-1 H2O2 and 100 mg·L-1 PCB2 co-treated for 24 hours).FRAP method was used to detect the antioxidant capacity of PCB2;CCK-8 meth-od was used to detect the survival rate of cells in each group,while LDH method was used to assess cytotoxic-ity.Microenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and ELISA were used to examine the levels of LDH,NO,H2O2,as well as the activities of CAT and SOD in each group of cells.Immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to detect the protein expression levels of NRF2,xCT,HO-1,ferritin,and GPX4 in each group of cells.FerroOrange fluorescent probe was used to de-tect the intracellular content of ferrous ions(Fe2+).Results H2O2 could induce MO3.13 oxidative dam-age and lead to cell ferroptosis,while PCB2 could alle-viate MO3.13 oxidative damage and ferroptosis.Com-pared with the H2O2 model group,PCB2 intervention could significantly increase LDH content in MO3.13,reduce NO and H2O2 content,and improve SOD and CAT activity,and up-regulate the protein expression levels of NRF2,xCT,HO-1,ferritin,and GPX4.Conclusion PCB2 can enhance cellular antioxidant capacity and alleviate H2O2 induced MO3.13 oxidative damage through the NRF2/HO-1/xCT/GPX4 axis.