The development of anticancer drugs to treat triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an ongoing challenge. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) has garnered considerable interest worldwide as a promising synergistic modality for cancer chemoimmunotherapy. However, only few drugs or treatment modalities can trigger an ICD response and none of them exert a considerable clinical effect against TNBC. Therefore, new agents with potentially effective chemoimmunotherapeutic response are required. In this study, five new cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes containing isoquinoline alkaloid CˆN ligands were designed and synthesized. Among them, Ir-1 exhibited the highest in vitro cytotoxicity. Mechanistically, Ir-1 could trigger autophagy-dependent ferroptosis and a subsequent ferroptosis-dependent ICD response as well as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibition via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in MDA-MB-231 cells. When immunocompetent BALB/c mice were vaccinated with Ir-1-treated dying TNBC cells, antitumor CD8⁺ T-cell response and Foxp3⁺ T-cell depletion were induced, resulting in long-lasting antitumor immunity in TNBC cells. Moreover, combination therapy with Ir-1 and anti-PD1 could substantially augment in vivo therapeutic effects. Based on these results, Ir-1 is a promising candidate for chemoimmunotherapy against TNBC and its effects are mediated synergistically via ICD induction and IDO blockage.

Yanchi Tan sheep,a specialty of Ningxia,China,is famous for its excellent meat quality,but the detailed mechanisms of its muscle development and meat quality formation are still unclear.In or-der to preliminarily investigate the unique molecular mechanisms in the muscle development of the sheep,the present study was carried out to collect the longest dorsal muscle(LDM)samples from 6-month-old and 12-month-old female Tan sheep,and we screened the genes and long non-coding RNA(lncRNAs)that may play important roles in regulating the muscle development and meat quality formation through transcriptome sequencing(RNA-seq).The results showed that a total of 504 mRNAs and 1,483 lncRNAs were detected between the two groups of LDMs,with significant differences(P＜0.05).And we also pre-dicted 103 potential lncRNA-mRNA cis-regulatory relationship pairs with significant differences(P＜0.05).Skeletal muscle development-related genes such as MSTN,CDKN1A,FHL1 and skeletal muscle metabolism-related genes such as LPL and SCD were subsequently screened based on the functional anal-ysis of differentially expressed mRNA.Based on the functional analysis of differentially expressed lncRNA target genes,13 lncRNAs potentially related to muscle development(LNC.17926.1,LNC.981.1,LNC.16284.1,etc.)and 8 lncRNAs potentially related to skeletal muscle metabolism(LNC.15496.1,LNC.18149.1,etc.)were identified.5 lncRNAs and 4 mRNAs expressed in both groups were randomly selected for qPCR validation experiments,and their results were consistent with RNA-seq,which corrob-orated with the reliability of the sequencing results.This study lays a solid foundation for future investiga-tions of muscle development,meat quality formation mechanism and molecular breeding in Tan sheep,and provides a scientific basis for improving the meat production performance of other domestic sheep breeds.

Objective To understand the current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in China,pro-vide data support and decision-making basis for formulating scientific and effective strategies for HAI prevention and control.Methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey on HAI was conducted among various types and levels of medical institutions in China according to a unified protocol of bedside surveys and case investigations.Results In 2024,a total of 5 736 medical institutions and 2 751 765 patients were surveyed.Among them,34 889 HAI cases were identified,with a prevalence rate of 1.27％.The number of HAI episodes was 38 032,and case prevalence rate was 1.38％.The prevalence rate of HAI in medical institutions in different regions of China ranged from 0.66％to 2.35％.Among medical institutions of different scales,those with a bed capacity of ≥900 had the high-est incidence of HAI,reaching 1.65％.The most common infection site was the lower respiratory tract(44.66％),followed by the urinary tract(12.94％),surgical site(9.32％),upper respiratory tract(7.02％),and bloodstream infection(5.78％).The top 3 departments with the highest HAI rates were the general intensive care unit(10.02％),department of neurosurgery(5.51％),and department(group)of hematology(5.34％).A total of 23 238 strains of HAI pathogens were detected,with 10 714 strains(46.10％)from lower respiratory tract speci-mens.The top 5 detected strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae(14.76％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(13.33％),Escherichia coli(12.79％),Acinetobacter baumannii(9.23％),and Staphylococcus aureus(7.88％).231 944 pa-tients underwent class Ⅰ incision surgery were monitored,with 1 647 cases experienced surgical site infection,and the prevalence rate of surgical site infection was 0.71％.The number of patients who should undergo pathogen de-tection(patients receiving therapeutic and therapeutic combined prophylactic antimicrobial agents)was 715 179,while the actual number was 480 492,with a pathogen detection rate of 67.18％.425 225 patients received patho-genic detection before treatment,with a detection rate of 59.46％.Conclusion The overall HAI prevalence in Chi-na is lower,showing disparities among medical institutions of different regions and scales.Therefore,precise imple-mentation of measures is necessary for HAI prevention and control,with a focus on high-risk institutions and high-risk departments,key areas,and critical procedures.All levels of medical institutions should continuously reduce the incidence of HAI by strengthening monitoring,standardizing the use of antimicrobial agents,and reinforcing basic HAI prevention and control measures.

Objective To analyze the the differences in the use of medical consumables of single diseases,so as to provide ideas for the supervision of the rational use of medical consumables.Methods The case information of the patients discharged from some hospital in Hunan Province who underwent artificial femoral head replacement for femoral neck fracture,transurethral plasma electrosurgery for prostatic hyperplasia and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy for renal calculi from January 1,2022 to December 31,2023 were selected.Based on the results of the normality test,difference analyses were carried out over the consumption ratios of inpatients undergoing different procedures at different time periods and the consumption ratios treated by different physicians,and the percentile method was used to determine the recommended range for the consumption ratio based on the difference analysis results.SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results The inpatients undergoing artificial femoral head replacement for femoral neck fracture at different periods had no significant difference in the consumption ratio(P>0.05);the inpatients going through transurethral plasma electrosurgery for prostatic hyperplasia had the consumption ratio in 2023 decreased by 5.22%when compared with that in 2022,with the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05);the inpatients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotripsy for renal calculi had the consumption ratio at 2023 increased by 6.49%when compared with that at 2022,with the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05).There were no strong correlations between physician and inpatient consumption ratios for the three single-diseases(P<0.05),while the consumption ratios by different physicians for each single disease had differences.There were respectively 50%,40%and 50%of the physicians implementing artificial femoral head replacement for femoral neck fracture,transurethral plasma electrosurgery for prostatic hyperplasia and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy for renal calculi had the average consumption ratios higher than the average annual consumption ratios for the single diseases.The recommended ranges of the consumption ratio was[51.16%,63.89%]for artificial femoral head replacement for femoral neck fracture,[8.76%,10.77%]for transurethral plasma electrosurgery for prostatic hyperplasia and[26.40%,32.80%]for percutaneous nephrolithotripsy for renal calculi.Conclusion Under the premise of ensuring the quality of medical care,medical consumables can be scientifically and rationally supervised by setting a reasonable range,seizing the"vital few"and implementing joint management and control to reduce the consumption ratio.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(7):87-91]

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical distribution and dynamic change of drug resistance of K.pneu-moniae and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP)isolated from a three-A hospital of Suzhou so as to provide scientific bases for prevention and control of hospital-associated infections and reasonable application of antibiotics.METHODS The K.pneumoniae and CRKP strains that were isolated from the submitted specimens were collected from the patients who treated in the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from 2019 to 2023.The clinical characteristics of the patients with infection and the trend of drug resistance were statis-tically analyzed.RESULTS Totally 5631 strains of K.pneumoniae were isolated,1205(21.40％)of which were CRKP,and the isolation rate of CRKP showed an upward trend in the five years(x2=236.352,P＜0.001).Among the K.pneumoniae isolates,51.59％were isolated from sputum,13.51％from urine;19.43％were isolated from intensive care unit(ICU),7.64％from emergency department,and 7.19％from respiratory department.There were significant differences in gender,age and season between the patients detected with CRKP and the patients detected with non-CRKP(P＜0.05).The drug resistance rates of the K.pneumoniae strains to cephalosporins,quinolones and carbapenems con-tinuously increased from 2019 to 2023(P＜0.001),the drug resistance rate to imipenem increased from 11.69％to 34.24％,meropenem from 10.92％to 34.24％.CONCLUSIONS The K.pneumoniae isolates show severe drug re-sistance from 2019 to 2023,and the isolation rate of CRKP strains rises increasingly.It is necessary for the hospi-tal to focus on the continuous monitoring of key populations and departments and optimize the management of an-tibiotics and infection control strategies so as to provide guidance for reasonable clinical use of antibiotics,effective control of transmission of drug-resistant strains and cope with the increasingly severe drug resistance.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the application of the colloidal gold method and chemiluminescence method in detecting gonadotropin (Gn) in morning urine for assessing pubertal development status in children. METHODS: A total of 132 children diagnosed with central precocious puberty (CPP), early and fast puberty (EFP), and premature thelarche (PT) at Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from November 2021 to December 2022 were included, along with 685 healthy children who underwent routine health examinations at the hospital's pediatric health care department during the same period. All 132 patients underwent a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test. Both patients and healthy children had their urinary Gn levels measured using the colloidal gold method and chemiluminescence method, including levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The correlation between serum Gn and urinary Gn detected by the two methods, as well as the correlation between Tanner stages of healthy children and urinary Gn, was analyzed. RESULTS: Urine Gn levels detected by both the colloidal gold method and chemiluminescence method showed a positive correlation with serum LH baseline values, LH peak values, baseline LH/FSH ratios, and peak LH/FSH ratios (P<0.05). In healthy children, urinary LH levels detected by the chemiluminescence method gradually increased from Tanner stage Ⅰ to Ⅳ (P<0.05), while urinary FSH levels were lower in Tanner stage I than in stages Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and IV (P<0.05). Urinary LH levels detected by the colloidal gold method were lower in Tanner stage I compared to stages Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and IV, with the highest levels observed in Tanner stage Ⅳ (P<0.05). Additionally, urinary FSH levels in Tanner stage Ⅲ were higher than in stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for evaluating Tanner stages I and II in healthy children using urinary LH and FSH levels by the chemiluminescence method and urinary LH levels by the colloidal gold method were 0.730, 0.699, and 0.783, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The colloidal gold method and chemiluminescence method for detecting Gn in morning urine show good correlation with serum Gn levels. As a non-invasive and convenient detection method, the colloidal gold method can serve as a useful tool for screening the onset of pubertal development in children.
Humans ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Gold Colloid ; Luminescent Measurements/methods* ; Gonadotropins/urine* ; Puberty ; Luteinizing Hormone/urine* ; Child, Preschool ; Adolescent ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/urine*

OBJECTIVE: To assess the independent and combined effects of air pollutants, meteorological factors, and greenspace exposure on new tuberculosis (TB) cases. METHODS: TB case data from Shanghai (2013-2018) were obtained from the Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Environmental data on air pollutants, meteorological variables, and greenspace exposure were obtained from the National Tibetan Plateau Data Center. We employed a distributed-lag nonlinear model to assess the effects of these environmental factors on TB cases. RESULTS: Increased TB risk was linked to PM _2.5, PM ₁₀, and rainfall, whereas NO ₂, SO ₂, and air pressure were associated with a reduced risk. Specifically, the strongest cumulative effects occurred at various lags: PM _2.5 ( RR = 1.166, 95% CI: 1.026-1.325) at 0-19 weeks; PM ₁₀ ( RR = 1.167, 95% CI: 1.028-1.324) at 0-18 weeks; NO ₂ ( RR = 0.968, 95% CI: 0.938-0.999) at 0-1 weeks; SO ₂ ( RR = 0.945, 95% CI: 0.894-0.999) at 0-2 weeks; air pressure ( RR = 0.604, 95% CI: 0.447-0.816) at 0-8 weeks; and rainfall ( RR = 1.404, 95% CI: 1.076-1.833) at 0-22 weeks. Green space exposure did not significantly impact TB cases. Additionally, low temperatures amplified the effect of PM _2.5 on TB. CONCLUSION Exposure to PM _2.5, PM ₁₀, and rainfall increased the risk of TB, highlighting the need to address air pollutants for the prevention of TB in Shanghai.
China/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology* ; Incidence ; Meteorological Concepts ; Particulate Matter/adverse effects* ; Environmental Exposure ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Air Pollution ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVE: To investigate chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection's effect on gestational liver function, pregnancy and delivery complications, and neonatal development. METHODS: A total of 157 HCV antibody-positive (anti-HCV[+]) and HCV RNA(+) patients (Group C) and 121 anti-HCV(+) and HCV RNA(-) patients (Group B) were included as study participants, while 142 anti-HCV(-) and HCV RNA(-) patients (Group A) were the control group. Data on biochemical indices during pregnancy, pregnancy complications, delivery-related information, and neonatal complications were also collected. RESULTS: Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) rates in Group C during early, middle, and late pregnancy were 59.87%, 43.95%, and 42.04%, respectively-significantly higher than Groups B (26.45%, 15.70%, 10.74%) and A (23.94%, 19.01%, 6.34%) ( P < 0.05). Median ALT levels in Group C were significantly higher than in Groups A and B at all pregnancy stages ( P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in neonatal malformation rates across groups ( P > 0.05). However, neonatal jaundice incidence was significantly greater in Group C (75.16%) compared to Groups A (42.25%) and B (57.02%) ( χ ² = 33.552, P < 0.001). HCV RNA positivity during pregnancy was an independent risk factor for neonatal jaundice ( OR = 2.111, 95% CI 1.242-3.588, P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Chronic HCV infection can affect the liver function of pregnant women, but does not increase the pregnancy or delivery complication risks. HCV RNA(+) is an independent risk factor for neonatal jaundice.
Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Adult ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Infant, Newborn ; Viremia/virology* ; Hepatitis C ; Hepacivirus/physiology* ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology* ; Young Adult ; Alanine Transaminase/blood*

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality based on the 10-year population-based multicenter prospective study. METHODS: A general population-based multicenter prospective study was conducted at four sites in rural China between 2013 and 2023. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to assess the association between BMI and mortality. Stratified analyses were performed based on the individual characteristics of the participants. RESULTS: Overall, 19,107 participants with a sum of 163,095 person-years were included and 1,910 participants died. The underweight (< 18.5 kg/m ²) presented an increase in all-cause mortality (adjusted hazards ratio [ aHR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [ CI]: 1.66-2.41), while overweight (≥ 24.0 to < 28.0 kg/m ²) and obesity (≥ 28.0 kg/m ²) presented a decrease with an aHR of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.52-0.73) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.37-0.70), respectively. Overweight ( aHR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67-0.86) and mild obesity ( aHR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59-0.87) had a positive impact on mortality in people older than 60 years. All-cause mortality decreased rapidly until reaching a BMI of 25.7 kg/m ² ( aHR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98) and increased slightly above that value, indicating a U-shaped association. The beneficial impact of being overweight on mortality was robust in most subgroups and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION This study provides additional evidence that overweight and mild obesity may be inversely related to the risk of death in individuals older than 60 years. Therefore, it is essential to consider age differences when formulating health and weight management strategies.
Humans ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data* ; Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Adult ; Mortality ; Cause of Death ; Obesity/mortality* ; Overweight/mortality*