ObjectiveTo investigate the influenza virus infection status of influenza-like illness (ILI) at a sentinel hospital in Baoshan District of Shanghai, to explore the seasonal patterns of influenza, so as to provide a scientific basis for influenza prevention and control in Baoshan District of Shanghai. MethodsSurveillance data and pathogenic testing results of ILI from the monitoring year of 2015 to 2023 were collected from the sentinel hospital to describe the seasonal epidemic characteristics of influenza in this district. ResultsThe proportion of ILI visits to sentinel hospital in Baoshan District of Shanghai showed an upward trend from 2015 to 2023 (Z=2.598, P=0.09). The positive rate of influenza virus in ILI was 20.43% (1 761/8 621), of which 14.17% were positive for influenza A virus, including 8.43% for influenza A/H3N2 and 5.74% for influenza A/H1N1. The positive rate of influenza B virus was 6.25%, of which the positive detection rate of influenza B/Victoria virus was 5.35%, while that of influenza B/Yamagata virus was 0.90%. Influenza B/Yamagata virus was not detected in 2019‒2023. The highest positivity rate was observed in the 5‒<15 years age group (25.57%). The positive rate of ILI was lower in males (19.90%) than that in females (20.90%). There were three patterns of influenza epidemic in the district: with year-round circulation in 2016‒2017 and 2021‒2022; with bimodal peaks in 2015‒2016, 2017‒2018 and 2022‒2023; and with one peak in 2018‒2019 and 2019‒2020. The positive rate of influenza virus exhibited seasonal variations, with influenza A virus predominated in summer and autumn. However, influenza B virus showed an increase in spring and winter. ConclusionThe influenza epidemic in Baoshan District, Shanghai exhibits diverse patterns with heterogeneous epidemiological characteristics across different age groups and seasons. Notably, children and adolescents aged 5‒<15 years constitute the key target population for influenza prevention and control. Enhanced surveillance and targeted control measures against influenza A/H3N2 lineage viruses are particularly warranted during summer and autumn seasons.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2017.08.005.].

OBJECTIVE: Several epidemiological observational studies have related particulate matter (PM) exposure to Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but many confounding factors make it difficult to draw causal links from observational studies. The objective of this study was to explore the causal association between PM _2.5 exposure, its absorbance, and IBD. METHODS: We assessed the association of PM _2.5 and PM _2.5 absorbance with the two primary forms of IBD (Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC]) using Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the causal relationship. We conducted two-sample MR analyses with aggregated data from the UK Biobank genome-wide association study. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms linked with PM _2.5 concentrations or their absorbance were used as instrumental variables (IVs). We used inverse variance weighting (IVW) as the primary analytical approach and four other standard methods as supplementary analyses for quality control. RESULTS: The results of MR demonstrated that PM _2.5 had an adverse influence on UC risk (odds ratio [ OR] = 1.010; 95% confidence interval [ CI] = 1.001-1.019, P = 0.020). Meanwhile, the results of IVW showed that PM _2.5 absorbance was also causally associated with UC ( OR = 1.012; 95% CI = 1.004-1.019, P = 0.002). We observed no causal relationship between PM _2.5, PM _2.5 absorbance, and CD. The results of sensitivity analysis indicated the absence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy, ensuring the reliability of MR results. CONCLUSION Based on two-sample MR analyses, there are potential positive causal relationships between PM _2.5, PM _2.5 absorbance, and UC.
Humans ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; Particulate Matter/analysis* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/genetics* ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Crohn Disease/genetics* ; Colitis, Ulcerative/genetics* ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Risk Factors ; Environmental Exposure

Objective:This study aims to explore the synergistic effects of DIP and other medical insurance supply-side policies.Method:City A that has piloted DIP reform was set as the treatment group,and City B without reform was set as the control group.A total of 1 120 public medical institution samples from 2019 to 2022 were collected.The total medical expenses during hospitalization and some structural expenses were analyzed using DID method.Result:DIP had a significant inhibitory effect on the medical expenses,and the expenses of checkups and examinations during hospitalization in city A,but had no impact on the drug and the material expenses during hospitalization.Conclusion:DIP played a significant cost control role and effectively controlled the total medical expenses during hospitalization.The synergistic effects of price adjustment of medical services policy and national centralized drug/material procurement policy on cost control were insufficient.DIP synergized with other supply-side policies to promote rational medical cost structure.It is suggested that medical insurance departments should focus on the synergistic effects of medical insurance supply-side policies to jointly improve the efficiency of medical insurance fund utilization.

Sarcopenia is a syndrome associated with decreased muscle mass,decreased muscle strength,and reduced physical performance. Due to multiple factors such as tumor metabolism,systemic inflammatory response,disease progression,and reduced physical activity associated with treatment itself,the risk of sarcopenia in patients with lung cancer is higher than that of the general population. Sarcopenia is closely related to the clinical outcomes,including increased risk for mortality,and significantly impacts patients' long-term quality of life and mental health. This study systematic reviewed the risk factors for sarcopenia in patients with lung cancer,its negative effects on clinical outcomes,long-term quality of life and mental health,and the interventions for sarcopenia. Given the significant impact of sarcopenia on patients with lung cancer,it is urgent to explore a multidisciplinary intervention model to improve their survival and quality of life.

Constipation is a prevalent ailment which might significantly impact the quality of people's life and rise some associated deseases risks. In this study, a chronic constipation mouse model was established using loperamide hydrochloride. Mice were gavaged an Angelica sinensis Cistanche Fiber Compound, comprised of Dang Gui [Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels], Rou Cong Rong (Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma), wheat fiber, and low-molecular-weight xylan at high dosage (3.6 g·kg^-1, 30 times the recommended human dose) and low dosage (0.6 g·kg^-1, 5 times the recommended human dose) for 14 days. The study assessed the therapeutic efficacy of the compound by observing fecal morphology, measuring water content, and conducting small intestine motility experiments. Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were conducted to evaluate the serum levels of gastrointestinal hormones including motilin (MTL), gastrin (GAS), the inflammatory factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Histopathological examination with H&E staining was employed to evaluate colonic tissue damage. Additionally, Western blot and immunohistochemistry experiments were conducted to examine the expression levels of aquaporin-3 (AQP3) and c-Kit in the colon. The results indicated that the Angelica sinensis Cistanche Fiber Compound could improve fecal morphology, increase fecal water content, enhance small intestinal transit rates in mice. Additionally, there was a significant elevation in the serum levels of gastrointestinal hormones and a notable reduction in the levels of inflammatory factors. The improvement in colonic histopathological damage was accompanied by a marked decrease in the expression of the colonic water channel protein AQP3 and a significant increase in c-Kit expression. These results collectively suggested the presence of a dose-response relationship. These findings indicate that the Angelica sinensis Cistanche Fiber Compound effectively alleviates constipation in mice. Its action is associated with the regulation of colonic water channel protein AQP3 and c-Kit expression, along with the modulation of serum inflammatory factors and gastrointestinal hormones. This experiment was approved by the Animal Experiment Ethics Committee of Jinan University.

The paper is to establish an UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of 19 components in Microctis Folium from different production areas. The 50% methanol was used as extraction solvent. The Agilent ZORBAX SB C18 (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) column was used; mobile phase was acetonitrile - 0.1% acetic acid with gradient elution, flow rate was 0.3 mL·min^-1, colume temperature was 30 ℃, and the injection volume was 2 μL; electrospray ionizaton source was used and detected in negative ion mode. The results showed that the established UPLC-MS/MS method could well separate the 19 components, and the methodological investigation results of 19 components were good. By means of orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), 28 batches of Microctis Folium samples from different production areas can be divided into three categories, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan are each classified into one category, and 10 signature compounds which affecting the quality differences of different production areas were screened out. The established method is accurate, reliable, sensitive and reproducible. It can provide a basis for the establishment of the quality standard of Microctis Folium, as well as for safety and quality research.

Objective To evaluate the effects of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction timing on the motor performance and proprioception by clinical evaluation as well as proprioception and motor performance tests on the patients more than 2 years after ACL reconstruction. Methods The patients who underwent ACL reconstruction in the National Institute of Sports Medicine,General Administration of Sport of China from January 2015 to January 2021 and met the inclusion criteria were followed up,and the postoperative data were collected retrospectively.Fifty-six patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study and categorized into two groups:early surgery (n=28,who underwent ACL reconstruction ≤3 weeks after injury) and delayed surgery (n=28,who underwent ACL reconstruction >3 weeks after injury).The basic information,clinical evaluation results,proprioception,and motor performance were compared between the two groups. Results The ACL return to sport after injury scale (ACL-RSI) score in the early surgery group was higher than that in the delayed surgery group [(68.68±22.04)scores vs. (55.82±24.87)scores,P=0.045].There was no difference in the range of motion of the knee joint,the positive rate of pivot shift test,or the scores of Tegner,Marx,Lysholm,knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS),and international knee documentation committee (IKDC) between the two groups (all P>0.05).Although there was no significant difference in range of motion of the knee joint between the two groups,the proportion of knee flexion and extension affected in the early surgery group was smaller than that in the delayed surgery group.Neither motor performance (isokinetic strength test,Y-balance test,and single-leg jump test) nor proprioception had difference between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions Early ACL reconstruction outperformed delayed ACL reconstruction in improving the psychological health,emotions,and confidence in returning to sport,accelerating functional recovery of the patients.The timing of ACL reconstruction has no significant effect on the short-term postoperative knee stability,knee function,motor performance,or proprioceptive recovery of the patients.Early ACL reconstruction is recommended for improving the clinical outcomes.
Humans ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction/methods* ; Proprioception/physiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Female ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries/physiopathology* ; Adult ; Postoperative Period ; Time Factors ; Return to Sport ; Recovery of Function ; Knee Joint/physiopathology* ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the effects of knee flexor and extensor strength on the subjective function and motor performance of knees after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Methods A total of 53 patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the National Institute of Sports Medicine,General Administration of Sport of China from June 2015 to June 2021 and met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study.The patients were followed up time for at least 2 years.An isometric muscle strength test system was used to measure the strength of bilateral quadriceps and hamstring muscles.The patients were grouped according to whether the limb symmetry index (LSI) of peak torque of quadriceps and hamstring muscle reached 85% at an angular velocity of 60°/s.Specifically,26 patients were classified into group A (LSI≥85%) and 27 patients were classified into group B (LSI<85%).The subjective function and motor performance of knees were compared between the two groups. Results In terms of subjective function of knees,the international knee documentation committee (IKDC) score (88.76±9.93 vs. 81.08±12.57,P=0.017) and knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) (86.27±8.96 vs. 80.22±11.31,P=0.036) were different between groups A and B.There was no significant difference in Lysholm score [95.0 (79.8,100.00) vs. 86.00 (66.00,100.00),P=0.238],ACL return to sports after injury scale score (66.08±22.25 vs. 61.12±23.53,P=0.434),Marx score [6.00 (4.75,7.00) vs. 6.00 (4.00,7.00),P=0.805] or Tegner activity score [8.00 (4.00,12.00) vs. 4.00 (2.00,12.00),P=0.566] between the two groups.In terms of motor performance,the single-leg triple hop LSI (0.92±0.13 vs. 0.81±0.18,P=0.016) and single-leg crossover hop LSI (0.96±0.12 vs. 0.84±0.22,P=0.021) showed significant differences between groups A and B,while there was no significant difference in single-leg hop LSI (0.90±0.18 vs. 0.79±0.25,P=0.116) between the two groups.In addition,there was no statistical significance in proprioception [30°:8.83±4.66 vs. 10.73±4.63,P=0.143;45°:6.94±3.82 vs. 7.66±3.93,P=0.504;60°:4.10 (3.20,4.72) vs. 3.90 (2.30,5.20),P=0.493] or Y-balance test results [anterior LSI:0.98 (0.84,1.02) vs. 0.94 (0.86,0.98),P=0.328;posterolateral LSI:1.00±0.08 vs. 0.97±0.07,P=0.249;posteromedial LSI:1.00 (0.97,1.03) vs. 0.96 (0.93,1.03),P=0.179] between groups A and B. Conclusion The patients with good symmetry of quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction had better subjective function and movement performance of knees than the patients with poor symmetry,which was mainly reflected in the IKDC score,KOOS,single-leg triple hop,and single-leg crossover hop.
Humans ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ; Muscle Strength/physiology* ; Male ; Quadriceps Muscle/physiology* ; Female ; Adult ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries/physiopathology* ; Hamstring Muscles/physiopathology* ; Knee Joint/physiopathology* ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament/physiopathology* ; Torque ; Knee/physiopathology*

In the research on cancer theranostics, most environment-sensitive drug delivery systems can only achieve unidirectional and irreversible responsive changes under pathological conditions, thereby improving the targeting effect and drug release performance of the delivery system. However, such irreversible changes pose potential safety hazards when the dynamically distributed delivery system returns to the blood circulation or transports to the normal physiological environment. Intelligent reversible drug delivery systems can respond to normal physiological and pathological microenvironments to achieve bidirectional and reversible structural changes. This feature will help to precisely control the drug release of the delivery system, prolong the blood circulation time, improve the targeting efficiency, and avoid the potential safety hazards of the irreversible drug delivery system. In this review, we describe the research progress of intelligent reversible drug delivery system from two main aspects: controlled drug release and prolonged blood circulation time/enhanced cellular internalization of drug.