OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the patterns of fasting blood glucose (FBG) trajectories and analyze the relationship between various occupational hazard factors and FBG trajectories in male steelworkers. METHODS: The study cohort included 3,728 workers who met the selection criteria for the Tanggang Occupational Cohort (TGOC) between 2017 and 2022. A group-based trajectory model was used to identify the FBG trajectories. Environmental risk scores (ERS) were constructed using regression coefficients from the occupational hazard model as weights. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the effects of occupational hazard factors using the ERS on FBG trajectories. RESULTS: FBG trajectories were categorized into three groups. An association was observed between high temperature, noise exposure, and FBG trajectory ( P < 0.05). Using the first quartile group of ERS1 as a reference, the fourth quartile group of ERS1 had an increased risk of medium and high FBG by 1.90 and 2.21 times, respectively (odds ratio [ OR] = 1.90, 95% confidence interval [ CI]: 1.17-3.10; OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.09-4.45). CONCLUSION An association was observed between occupational hazards based on ERS and FBG trajectories. The risk of FBG trajectory levels increase with an increase in ERS.
Humans ; Male ; Adult ; Blood Glucose/analysis* ; China ; Prospective Studies ; Occupational Exposure/adverse effects* ; Risk Factors ; Middle Aged ; Steel ; Fasting/blood* ; Metal Workers ; East Asian People

Objective Aedes albopictus is the primary vector of the dengue virus.Screening and the analysis of immune-related genes in DENV2-infected Ae.albopictus provides a scientific basis for further research on blocking the extrinsic incubation period of the dengue virus.Methods Through the approach of literature mining,thirty-three potential immune-related genes were screened from species such as Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae,which have a close genetic relationship with Ae.albopictus.The protein—protein interaction(PPI)analysis is employed to explore the interaction relationship of the proteins encoded by genes.The alterations in mRNA expression levels of the relevant genes in DENV2-infected Ae.albopictus midgut were detected using the qRT-PCR method.Results The PPI results indicates that TLR and Spz of Ae.albopictus;Rel1,Rel2,DefC,Spz,PIWI,Ago2,DOME and HOP of Ae.aegypti;and Rel1,Rel2,CACT,STAT and DOME of An.gambiae exhibit PPI relationships.After Ae.albopictus was infected with DENV2,10 genes showed significant difference in expression.Ago3(7.39,P<0.05),DOMEa(1.63,P<0.01),DOMEb(21.29,P<0.001),and TLRb(1.61,P<0.05)were significantly up-regulated.Rel1(0.62,P<0.001),CACTl(0.65,P<0.001),Rel2a(0.65,P<0.01),Rel2b(0.24,P<0.001),GATAa(0.64,P<0.01)and DefC(0.28,P<0.05)were significantly down-regulated.Conclusions The concordance of Ae.albopictus with Ae.aegypti was higher than that with An.gambiae.DOMEb,Ago3,Rel2b and DefC,can serve as the preferred target genes for subsequent studies on DENV2 immune blockade.

This study aims to investigate the regulatory effects of Astragalus polysaccharide(APS) and APS combined with 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) on indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase(IDO1) in the colon tumor microenvironment. Sixty Balb/c mice were randomized into a blank group, a model group, an APS group, an APS + 5-FU group, an APS + low-dose 5-FU group, and a 5-FU group. A tumor model was established by subcutaneous transplantation with CT-26 mouse colon cancer cells in other groups except the blank group. After successful modeling, each group was treated with corresponding drugs for 7 days. The general condition, body weight, and tumor volume of the mice were observed and measured daily during the treatment period. The mice were sacrificed at the end of treatment, and the tumor suppression rate and spleen index of the mice were calculated. Western blot and fluorescence quantitative PCR were employed to determine the protein and mRNA levels, respectively, of IDO1 in the tumor tissue of mice. High performance liquid chromatography was employed to measure the levels of tryptophan(Trp) and kynurenine(Kyn) in the tumor tissue of mice. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was performed to observe the histological changes of the tumor tissue, and immunohistochemistry to detect the changes of CD4 and CD8 expression in the tumor tissue. Compared with that in the model group, the tumor volume of mice in each treatment group significantly reduced. The body weights of mice in APS + 5-FU group and 5-FU group significantly reduced from day 4 to day 7 of treatment. In addition, the APS + 5-FU group and 5-FU group showed significantly decreased spleen index. The protein and mRNA levels of IDO1 were significantly down-regulated in the APS, APS + 5-FU, and APS + low-dose 5-FU groups. The drug interventions significantly increased the Trp content and decreased the Kyn content. The APS + 5-FU group showed significantly reduced infiltration of CD4~+ T lymphocytes and increased infiltration of CD8~+ T lymphocytes. APS inhibited the expression of IDO1 in the colon tumor microenvironment to increase CD8~+ T lymphocyte infiltration, and the combination of APS with 5-FU demonstrated better effect.
Mice ; Animals ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Colonic Neoplasms/genetics* ; Fluorouracil/pharmacology* ; Polysaccharides/pharmacology* ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism* ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism*

Objective: To explore the feasibility and safety of the gasless transoral vestibular robotic thyroidectomy using skin suspension. Methods: The clinical data of 20 patients underwent gasless transoral vestibular robotic thyroidectomy in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from February 2022 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 18 were females and 2 were males, aged (38.7±8.0) years old. The intraoperative blood loss, operation time, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative drainage volume, postoperative pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score, postoperative swallowing function swallowing impairment score-6 (SIS-6), postoperative aesthetic VAS score, postoperative voice handicap index-10 (VHI-10) voice quality, postoperative pathology and complications were recorded. SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis of the data. Results: The operations were successfully completed without conversion to open surgery in all patients. Pathological examination showed papillary thyroid carcinoma in 18 cases, retrosternal nodular goiter in 1 case, and cystic change in goiter in 1 case. The operative time for thyroid cancer was 161.50 (152.75, 182.50) min [M (P₂₅, P₇₅), the same below] and the average operative time for benign thyroid diseases was 166.50 minutes. The intraoperative blood loss 25.00 (21.25, 30.00) ml. In 18 cases of thyroid cancer, the mean diameter of the tumors was (7.22±2.02) mm, and lymph nodes (6.56±2.14) were dissected in the central region, with a lymph node metastasis rate of 61.11%. The postoperative pain VAS score was 3.00 (2.25, 4.00) points at 24 hours, the mean postoperative drainage volume was (118.35±24.32) ml, the postoperative hospital stay was 3.00 (3.00, 3.75) days, the postoperative SIS-6 score was (4.90±1.58) points at 3 months, and the postoperative VHI-10 score was 7.50 (2.00, 11.00) points at 3 months. Seven patients had mild mandibular numbness, 10 patients had mild cervical numbness, and 3 patients had temporary hypothyroidism three months after surgery and 1 patient had skin flap burn, but recovered one month after surgery. All patients were satisfied with the postoperative aesthetic effects, and the postoperative aesthetic VAS score was 10.00 (10.00, 10.00). Conclusion: Gasless transoral vestibular robotic thyroidectomy using skin suspension is a safe and feasible option with good postoperative aesthetic effect, which can provide a new treatment option for some selected patients with thyroid tumors.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Thyroidectomy/adverse effects* ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects* ; Retrospective Studies ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Hypesthesia/surgery* ; Neck Dissection/adverse effects* ; Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery* ; Pain, Postoperative/surgery* ; Postoperative Complications/etiology*

Aim To investigate the effect of ligus- trazine on G-protein coupled receptor signal activity in ovalbumin ( OVA)-sensitized and challenged asthmatic rats.Methods This study replicated an OVA-in¬duced juvenile asthmatic rat model, and investigated the effect of ligustrazine on airway hyperresponsive- ness, airway inflammation, lung histopathology, IL-4, IL-5 , 1L-13 , TNF-cx levels in serum, cAMP concentra¬tion in plasma, CREB, PKA, Gas and GRK2 expres¬sion in lung tissues.Results It was showed that the resistance of lung (RL) in asthmatic rats increased, while the pulmonary dynamic compliance ( Cdvn) sig¬nificantly decreased ( P < 0.05 ) compared with the control rats, and the lung tissue injury was serious; the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and TNF-cx in serum were significantly increased ( P <0.01 ).The cAMP level in plasma was reduced and the CREB and PKA expres¬ sions were down-regulated significantly ( P < 0.05 ).The Gas expression in lung in asthmatic rats was down- regulated while the GRK2 expression was up-regulated ( P <0.01 ).Ligustrazine coulrl improve the lung inju¬ry and lung function of asthmatic rats, decrease RL and increase Cdvn ( P < 0.05 ) , decrease the levels of 1L-4, 1L-5, 1L-13, and TNF-a in serum (P <0.01) , increase cAMP in plasma and up-regulate the PKA and CREB expression, down-regulate the GRK2 expression and up-regulate the Gas expression significantly ( P < 0.01).Conclusions The above study shows that li¬gustrazine can reduce the AHR, inhibit the inflamma¬tion in asthma, and the up-regulating of Gas/cAMP/ PKA signal activity may be its mechanism.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the incidence of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) and its risk factors in very preterm infants (VPIs) during hospitalization in China. METHODS: A prospective multicenter study was performed on the medical data of 2 514 VPIs who were hospitalized in the department of neonatology in 28 hospitals from 7 areas of China between September 2019 and December 2020. According to the presence or absence of EUGR based on the evaluation of body weight at the corrected gestational age of 36 weeks or at discharge, the VPIs were classified to two groups: EUGR group (n=1 189) and non-EUGR (n=1 325). The clinical features were compared between the two groups, and the incidence of EUGR and risk factors for EUGR were examined. RESULTS: The incidence of EUGR was 47.30% (1 189/2 514) evaluated by weight. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher weight growth velocity after regaining birth weight and higher cumulative calorie intake during the first week of hospitalization were protective factors against EUGR (P<0.05), while small-for-gestational-age birth, prolonged time to the initiation of total enteral feeding, prolonged cumulative fasting time, lower breast milk intake before starting human milk fortifiers, prolonged time to the initiation of full fortified feeding, and moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia were risk factors for EUGR (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS It is crucial to reduce the incidence of EUGR by achieving total enteral feeding as early as possible, strengthening breastfeeding, increasing calorie intake in the first week after birth, improving the velocity of weight gain, and preventing moderate-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in VPIs.
Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Gestational Age ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors

ObjectiveTo study on the correlation between the apparent color， near-infrared spectroscopy and dynamic changes of index constituent content of samples during the processing of steamed Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma， and to provide reference for the processing process optimization and quality control of this decoction piece. MethodSamples were dried and crushed by setting three steaming temperature gradients of 100-105， 114-118， 130-136 ℃， and sampled at steaming times of 1， 2， 4， 8， 12， 24 h， respectively. The effects of different steaming temperatures and times on the color and absorption of steamed Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma at different infrared wavelengths were observed， and principal component analysis and cluster analysis were performed on the obtained data by R 4.1.0 and SPSS 21.0 software to observe the changes in color and infrared absorption characteristics of samples. High performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was employed to determine the content changes of notoginsenoside R₁， ginsenoside Rg₁， ginsenoside Rb₁， ginsenoside Re， 20（S）-ginsenoside Rg₃ and 20（R）-ginsenoside Rg₃ before and after steaming of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma， mobile phase was acetonitrile （A）-water （B） for gradient elution （0-30 min， 19%A； 30-60 min， 19%-44%A； 60-78 min， 44%-74%A； 78-80 min， 74%-100%A； 80-86 min， 100%A； 86-87 min， 100%-19%A； 87-95 min， 19%A） with the detection wavelength of 203 nm. ResultDuring the steaming process of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma， with the increase of steaming temperature and time， the b^* （yellow-blue value）， L^* （brightness）， △E^* （comprehensive color difference value） of sample powder showed a decreasing trend， while the a^* （red-green value） showed an increasing trend， and the color gradually deepened from gray to brown and dark black. There was no significant difference in the infrared absorption between raw and steamed Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma sample powder in the low and medium wavelength bands， but significant difference in the infrared absorption of high band， especially in the band of 9 600-10 000 cm^-1. HPLC showed that the contents of the original components （notoginsenoside R₁， ginsenoside Rg₁， Re and Rb₁） decreased and 20（S）-ginsenoside Rg₃ and 20（R）-ginsenoside Rg₃ were newly produced after steaming of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma. The content proportion of these six index components reached the best when the steaming temperature at 130-136 ℃ and the steaming time of 1 h. ConclusionThe color and infrared absorption of samples are affected by the dynamic changes of chemical composition during the steaming process， and the composition change is the result of the joint influence of steaming temperature and time. In this paper， through multi-dimensional analysis of the apparent color indexes， the change pattern of near-infrared absorption characteristics and the index components of the samples， the different process parameters of steamed Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma were evaluated holistically， and the quality transfer pattern of its processing process was initially revealed， which can provide scientific basis for processing optimization and quality evaluation of steamed Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma.

The iterative innovation of processing technology is one of the important tasks in studies on processing of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). It is also the prerequisite for modern, refined, automatic and intelligent manufacturing of TCM pieces. Microwave processing is a new fire processing technique developed in the recent 30 years, with a unique thermodynamic form, and energy transfer and transformation laws. Moreover, it owns the advantages of a high processing efficiency, good product properties and low production energy consumption, with great application prospects. This paper introduced the study overview of microwave expansion technology in the food industry, reviewed the origin of microwave processing technology of TCM, and expounded the basic concept, principle and main purpose of microwave processing technology used in TCM. Then, the impacts of drug factors and microwave factors on the microwave processing effect were summarized, the industrial equipment that could be used for microwave processing was listed, and the impacts of microwave heating on starch, polysaccharide, protein and other components in Chinese herbal medicines were analyzed. Furthermore, the study advance of microwave processing of 14 herbs was investigated, including Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparaia, Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum and Asini Corii Colla; and the appearance and components of herbs processed by traditional processing method and microwave processing method were compared, so as to reveal the opportunities and challenges of microwave processing technology in the industrial transformation. We hoped that the systematic study of microwave processing technology could provide new ideas and techniques for the high-quality and high-level development of the TCM pieces industry in the new era, and promote its inheritance, innovation and transformation.
Aconitum ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Microwaves ; Quality Control

Objective To assess the accuracy and reliability of the two 3D measuring methods, structured-light scanning and single-camera photogrammetry in forensic body surface damage and scar measurement. Methods The measuring results of 86 injuries by the ruler method, structured-light scanning and single-camera photogrammetry were compared and evaluated. The area measuring results of 13 simulated scars by the structured-light scanning, single-camera photogrammetry, Photoshop lasso pixel method and PDF reading software were compared and evaluated. The time consumed was recorded. The known specification information of the stickers was used as the standard value to compare the measuring accuracy of the ruler method, structural-light scanning and single-camera photogrammetry, and to calculate the root mean square error （RMSE）. The consistency evaluation of intraclass correlation coefficient （ICC） for the repeatability of 3 measuring results obtained by different operators and the same operator. Results The differences in results of the two 3D measuring methods and the ruler method had no statistical significance; the differences between measuring results made by the structured-light scanning, single-camera photogrammetry and PDF reading software and that of the Photoshop lasso pixel method had no statistical significance. The post-processing of the single-camera photogrammetry consumed more time than that of other methods. When the long-distance group （10-40 cm） was measured, the results obtained by the ruler method were shorter than the standard value. The RMSE value results were structured-light scanning < single-camera photogrammetry < ruler method. The ICC value intragroup and intergroup were greater than 0.99. Conclusion Both structured-light scanning and single-camera photogrammetry can be applied in recording and measuring forensic body surface damage. The former has better performance in measurement accuracy and stability, while the latter has better color performance but longer post-processing time.
Cicatrix ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Photogrammetry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Software

Objective: To screen the accelerated oxidation environment with the most drastic changes in the volatile oil composition of Foeniculi Fructus, and to optimize the type and concentration of antioxidants. Method: The volatile oil of Foeniculi Fructus was extracted by steam distillation. Taking thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value and peroxide value (POV) as evaluation indexes, response surface method was used to investigate the effects of temperature, concentrations of ferrous ion (Fe²⁺) and azoamidine initiator V50 (AAPH) on volatile oil components of Foeniculi Fructus and its oxidation products. TBARS and POV were detected by ultraviolet chromatography. The oxidative environment with the most drastic changes of volatile oil composition of Foeniculi Fructus was screened. The type and concentration of antioxidants were selected by single factor experiments. The change discipline of volatile oil in Foeniculi Fructus after added different concentrations of antioxidants were analyzed by GC-MS. Result: The worst oxidizing environment for volatile oil of Foeniculi Fructus was as follows:temperature at 42.5℃,AAPH concentration of 1 g·L^-1,Fe²⁺ concentration of 20.85 mg·L^-1. Ascorbyl palmitate with concentrations of 0.2 mol·L^-1 and 0.8 mol·L^-1 could effectively improve the stability of volatile oil from Foeniculi Fructus. Conclusion: Under the accelerated oxidation environment, the terpenes in volatile oil from Foeniculi Fructus are significantly changed, but its stability can be improved by ascorbyl palmitate.