Intra-aortic balloon pump(IABP),as the most commonly used percutaneous mechanical circulatory assist device,is routinely implanted through the femoral artery pathway.However,when implantation through the femoral artery pathway is difficult or contraindicated,other pathways including the brachial artery pathway,axillary artery pathway,etc.can be considered.IABP assisted interventional treatment for complex high-risk and indicated patients(CHIP)can reduce the risk of intraoperative complications,stabilize hemodynamics,increase the complete revascularization rate of CHIP,and improve long-term prognosis.The reverse guidewire technique can improve the success rate of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)for chronic total occlusion(CTO)of coronary arteries.In clinical practice,the reverse pathway is often chosen in addition to the forward pathway,such as the contralateral radial and brachial artery pathway,femoral artery pathway,etc.This article reports a case of bilateral femoral artery occlusion,in which IABP was implanted through the left brachial artery pathway,and then with the assistance of IABP,the right coronary artery CTO lesion was successfully opened through the right radial artery in the forward direction and the right brachial artery in the reverse direction,with the aim of providing reference for clinical PCI treatment for such special cases.

Intra-aortic balloon pump(IABP),as the most commonly used percutaneous mechanical circulatory assist device,is routinely implanted through the femoral artery pathway.However,when implantation through the femoral artery pathway is difficult or contraindicated,other pathways including the brachial artery pathway,axillary artery pathway,etc.can be considered.IABP assisted interventional treatment for complex high-risk and indicated patients(CHIP)can reduce the risk of intraoperative complications,stabilize hemodynamics,increase the complete revascularization rate of CHIP,and improve long-term prognosis.The reverse guidewire technique can improve the success rate of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)for chronic total occlusion(CTO)of coronary arteries.In clinical practice,the reverse pathway is often chosen in addition to the forward pathway,such as the contralateral radial and brachial artery pathway,femoral artery pathway,etc.This article reports a case of bilateral femoral artery occlusion,in which IABP was implanted through the left brachial artery pathway,and then with the assistance of IABP,the right coronary artery CTO lesion was successfully opened through the right radial artery in the forward direction and the right brachial artery in the reverse direction,with the aim of providing reference for clinical PCI treatment for such special cases.

Objective To study the effects of Hedysarum polysaccharides polysaccharide(HPS)on the farnesoid X receptor(FXR)-fibroblast growth factor-19(FGF19)signaling pathway of diabetes rats.Methods Twelve Wistar male rats were randomly selected as the normal group,and the other rats were fed with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(50 mg·kg-1 STZ)and a high sugar and high-fat diet to replicate the diabetes rat model.Model rats were randomly divided into model group,positive control group(given 400 mg·kg-1·d-1 suspension of Bifidobacterium quadruplex live bacterial tablets by gavage),experimental-H,-M,-L groups(given 200,100,and 50 mg·kg-1·d-1 doses of HPS suspension by gavage);normal group,and model group were given equal volume of purified water by gavage once a day for 8 consecutive weeks.Glucose(Glu)was detected by a blood glucose meter;and serum total glyceride(TG)and total cholesterol(TC)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reagent kit;the expressions of FXR、fibroblast growth factor receptors 4(FGFR4)relative mRNA expression level and protein were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction method and Western blot.Results The Glu concentrations in the normal group,model group,positive control group,and experimental-H groups were(7.66±0.61),(29.25±1.64),(23.31±3.02)and(19.31±5.13)mmol·L-1,respectively;the TG content were(957.00±113.73),(1 345.00±246.44),(958.00±96.53)and(964.00±130.22)μmol·L-1,respectively;the TC content were(161.65±4.53),(302.19±5.35),(236.09±5.14)and(165.58±2.58)μmol·L-1,respectively;the expression of FXR relative mRNA expression level were 1.00±0.06,0.48±0.02,0.67±0.04 and 0.92±0.04,respectively;the expression of FGFR4 relative mRNA expression level were 1.00±0.04,0.17±0.01,0.48±0.04 and 0.41±0.03;respectively.The above indexes of the model group were compared with the control group,and the above indexes of the control group and the experimental-H group were compared with the model group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.01).Conclusion HPS improves blood sugar,lowers blood lipids,and protects liver and intestinal tissues,possibly by regulating the FXR-FGF19 signaling pathway in intestinal tissue,and regulating bile acid synthesis.

Objective To study the effects of Hedysarum polysaccharides polysaccharide(HPS)on the farnesoid X receptor(FXR)-fibroblast growth factor-19(FGF19)signaling pathway of diabetes rats.Methods Twelve Wistar male rats were randomly selected as the normal group,and the other rats were fed with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(50 mg·kg-1 STZ)and a high sugar and high-fat diet to replicate the diabetes rat model.Model rats were randomly divided into model group,positive control group(given 400 mg·kg-1·d-1 suspension of Bifidobacterium quadruplex live bacterial tablets by gavage),experimental-H,-M,-L groups(given 200,100,and 50 mg·kg-1·d-1 doses of HPS suspension by gavage);normal group,and model group were given equal volume of purified water by gavage once a day for 8 consecutive weeks.Glucose(Glu)was detected by a blood glucose meter;and serum total glyceride(TG)and total cholesterol(TC)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reagent kit;the expressions of FXR、fibroblast growth factor receptors 4(FGFR4)relative mRNA expression level and protein were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction method and Western blot.Results The Glu concentrations in the normal group,model group,positive control group,and experimental-H groups were(7.66±0.61),(29.25±1.64),(23.31±3.02)and(19.31±5.13)mmol·L-1,respectively;the TG content were(957.00±113.73),(1 345.00±246.44),(958.00±96.53)and(964.00±130.22)μmol·L-1,respectively;the TC content were(161.65±4.53),(302.19±5.35),(236.09±5.14)and(165.58±2.58)μmol·L-1,respectively;the expression of FXR relative mRNA expression level were 1.00±0.06,0.48±0.02,0.67±0.04 and 0.92±0.04,respectively;the expression of FGFR4 relative mRNA expression level were 1.00±0.04,0.17±0.01,0.48±0.04 and 0.41±0.03;respectively.The above indexes of the model group were compared with the control group,and the above indexes of the control group and the experimental-H group were compared with the model group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.01).Conclusion HPS improves blood sugar,lowers blood lipids,and protects liver and intestinal tissues,possibly by regulating the FXR-FGF19 signaling pathway in intestinal tissue,and regulating bile acid synthesis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Patients with glioma experience a high symptom burden and have diverse palliative care needs. However, the assessment scales used in palliative care remain non-standardized and highly heterogeneous. To evaluate the application patterns of the current scales used in palliative care for glioma, we aim to identify gaps and assess the need for disease-specific scales in glioma palliative care. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of five databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, EMBASE, and CINAHL for quantitative studies that reported scale-based assessments in glioma palliative care. We extracted data on scale characteristics, domains, frequency, and psychometric properties. Quality assessments were performed using the Cochrane ROB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools. RESULTS: Of the 3,405 records initially identified, 72 studies were included. These studies contained 75 distinct scales that were used 193 times. Mood (21.7%), quality of life (24.4%), and supportive care needs (5.2%) assessments were the most frequently assessed items, exceeding half of all scale applications. Among the various assessment dimensions, the Distress Thermometer (DT) was the most frequently used tool for assessing mood, while the Short Form-36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36) was the most frequently used tool for assessing quality of life. The Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) was the most common tool for cognitive assessment. Performance status (5.2%) and social support (6.8%) were underrepresented. Only three brain tumor-specific scales were identified. Caregiver-focused scales were limited and predominantly burden-oriented. CONCLUSIONS: There are significant heterogeneity, domain imbalances, and validation gaps in the current use of assessment scales for patients with glioma receiving palliative care. The scale selected for use should be comprehensive and user-friendly.
Humans ; Glioma/psychology* ; Palliative Care/methods* ; Quality of Life ; Psychometrics ; Brain Neoplasms/psychology*

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and the risk factors for severe pneumonia in hospitalized children. METHODS: The epidemiological characteristics of hMPV in hospitalized children at Hebei Children's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical data of hospitalized children with hMPV infection from April to December 2023 were included, and independent risk factors for severe pneumonia were identified through logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 44 092 children were tested, with an hMPV positive rate of 7.30% (3 220/44 092). Children aged 3-6 years constituted the largest proportion (40.93%, 1 318/3 220) among hMPV-positive cases. The detection rate varied significantly by year (P<0.001), peaking in 2022 (12.35%, 978/7 919). The peak season of the epidemic was winter and spring from 2019 to 2021, but shifted to spring and summer from 2022 to 2023. The proportion of co-infection was 38.70% (1 246/3 220), primarily with rhinovirus (600/1 246, 48.15%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (217/1 246, 17.42%), and respiratory syncytial virus (182/1 246, 14.61%). The main manifestations of hMPV pneumonia were cough, expectoration, and fever. Children with severe pneumonia were significantly younger (P<0.05). Wheezing, underlying diseases, co-infection, and younger age were identified as independent risk factors for severe pneumonia (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS There are significant annual and seasonal differences in the epidemiological characteristics of hMPV in hospitalized children. Young age, underlying diseases, wheezing, and co-infection are independent risk factors for severe pneumonia.
Humans ; Risk Factors ; Metapneumovirus ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Paramyxoviridae Infections/complications* ; Pneumonia/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Child, Hospitalized ; Infant ; Logistic Models ; Seasons ; Hospitalization

In this study,an ultraviolet(UV)/fluorescence dual-modal sensor was constructed by combining the catalytic properties of aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH)with the fluorescence inner filter effect of bovine serum albumin(BSA),realizing highly sensitive and highly selective detection of acetaldehyde in food.Acetaldehyde could react with oxidized coenzyme I(NAD+)to generate acetic acid and reduced coenzyme I(NADH)under catalytic condition by ALDH,and a quantitative relationship between acetaldehyde concentration and UV signal for UV detection based on the characteristic UV absorption peak of NADH at 340 nm was established.Meanwhile,an acetaldehyde detection channel based on fluorescence signal changes was built on the basis of the property that the fluorescence emission of BSA(as a fluorescent indicator)at 340 nm could be effectively quenched by the generated NADH,thus forming a″one-reaction dual-signal″detection mode.The experimental results showed that the acetaldehyde concentration in the range of 0.01?5.0 mg/L had a good linear relationship with both UV and fluorescence signals,and the limit of detection(LOD)was 0.003 mg/L for the UV mode and 0.005 mg/L for the fluorescence mode,and no significant fluctuations were observed when 50-fold concentrations of acetaldehyde analogs and common interfering substances were added.When the dual-modal sensor was applied to detection of acetaldehyde in food samples such as yogurt and wine,the relative error between its quantitative results and those of high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was less than±4.0%.The dual-modal cross-validation strategy could improve the detection reliability through signal mutual verification,providing an innovative solution for the rapid detection of acetaldehyde contamination in food.

The success of the Human Genome Project has significantly deepened our understanding of genomics and catalyzed a growing focus on proteomics, as researchers aim to decipher the complex relationship between genes and proteins. Given the central role of proteins in regulating physiological processes—including DNA replication, metabolic reactions, signal transduction, pH balance, and cellular structure—developing advanced protein sequencing technologies is critical. Proteins are fundamental to nearly all biological activities, making their detailed study essential for understanding cellular functions and disease mechanisms. The Edman degradation method, developed in the 1950s, was a breakthrough in sequencing short peptides. However, its limitations in read length (fewer than 50 amino acids) and slow cycle time fall short of modern demands. Mass spectrometry has since emerged as the gold standard in protein sequencing due to its high accuracy, throughput, and reproducibility. The method is enhanced by a robust sample preparation workflow and advances in mass spectrometry technology. Despite these strengths, mass spectrometry faces limitations in dynamic range, sensitivity, read length, and sequence coverage, hindering complete de novo protein sequencing. These technological gaps underscore the need for innovative methods to provide more detailed and accurate protein sequence data. In the past decade, new protein sequencing methods, including tunneling current, fluorescence fingerprinting, and real-time dynamic fluorescence, have shown significant developmental potential. However, these methods are not yet ready for widespread application, as each still faces technical hurdles. Meanwhile, advances in nanopore DNA sequencing have sparked interest in applying nanopore technology to protein sequencing, particularly owing to its speed, convenience, and cost-effectiveness. Unlike DNA sequencing, protein sequencing presents greater challenges due to proteins’ complex three-dimensional structures, heterogeneous electrical charges, difficulties in directional movement, and diverse amino acid compositions, further complicated by post-translational modifications. Researchers have made significant strides in addressing these challenges, such as using unfolding enzymes, high temperatures, high voltage, and deformers to unravel protein structures, and employing charged sequences and electroosmotic flow to control peptide translocation. The latest strategies for nanopore protein sequencing can be broadly categorized into three approaches: strand sequencing, enzyme-assisted nanopore sequencing, and nanopore fingerprinting. In strand sequencing, dragging a protein-oligonucleotide conjugate through a nanopore with the aid of protein motors generates stepped current signals produced by the peptide strand. In enzyme-assisted nanopore sequencing, 20 proteinogenic amino acids and various post-translational modifications have been distinguished using nanopores, and sequencing of short peptides has also been demonstrated. In nanopore fingerprinting, polypeptide fragments resulting from protease digestion of a protein can be identified through nanopore sensing. Despite these advances, further improvements in protein engineering, data processing, identification accuracy, and read length are needed to make these strategies practically useful. This review provides an overview of the current major approaches to nanopore protein sequencing, emphasizing the strategies, recent advances, breakthroughs and challenges in nanopore protein sequencing. As nanopore technology continues to evolve, it is expected to offer more efficient and accurate sequencing solutions in proteomics, potentially leading to new technological breakthroughs in biochemistry and biomedicine.

Three 2,3-diketoquinoxaline alkaloids were isolated from Heterosmilax yunnanensis Gagnep. Their structures were determined through 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, UV, and IR as 1-[5′-(3″-hydroxy-3″-methyl) glutaryl] ribityl-2,3-diketo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethylquinoxaline (1), 1-[2′-(3″-hydroxy-3″-methyl) glutaryl]ribityl-2,3-diketo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethylquinoxaline (2), and 1-ribityl-2,3-diketo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethylquinoxaline (3). Compounds 1 and 2 are novel compounds, and 3 was isolated from H. yunnanensis for the first time. The hepatoprotective activity of these three compounds was evaluated, with compound 3 showing promising hepatoprotective activity.

Objective:This study aims to explore the synergistic effects of DIP and other medical insurance supply-side policies.Method:City A that has piloted DIP reform was set as the treatment group,and City B without reform was set as the control group.A total of 1 120 public medical institution samples from 2019 to 2022 were collected.The total medical expenses during hospitalization and some structural expenses were analyzed using DID method.Result:DIP had a significant inhibitory effect on the medical expenses,and the expenses of checkups and examinations during hospitalization in city A,but had no impact on the drug and the material expenses during hospitalization.Conclusion:DIP played a significant cost control role and effectively controlled the total medical expenses during hospitalization.The synergistic effects of price adjustment of medical services policy and national centralized drug/material procurement policy on cost control were insufficient.DIP synergized with other supply-side policies to promote rational medical cost structure.It is suggested that medical insurance departments should focus on the synergistic effects of medical insurance supply-side policies to jointly improve the efficiency of medical insurance fund utilization.