Objective To investigate the incidence rate,clinical characteristics,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen,China.Methods Led by Shenzhen Children's Hospital,the Shenzhen Neonatal Data Collaboration Network organized 21 institutions to collect 36 cases of neonatal stroke from January 2020 to December 2022.The incidence,clinical characteristics,treatment,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen were analyzed.Results The incidence rate of neonatal stroke in 21 hospitals from 2020 to 2022 was 1/15 137,1/6 060,and 1/7 704,respectively.Ischemic stroke accounted for 75％(27/36);boys accounted for 64％(23/36).Among the 36 neonates,31(86％)had disease onset within 3 days after birth,and 19(53％)had convulsion as the initial presentation.Cerebral MRI showed that 22 neonates(61％)had left cerebral infarction and 13(36％)had basal ganglia infarction.Magnetic resonance angiography was performed for 12 neonates,among whom 9(75％)had involvement of the middle cerebral artery.Electroencephalography was performed for 29 neonates,with sharp waves in 21 neonates(72％)and seizures in 10 neonates(34％).Symptomatic/supportive treatment varied across different hospitals.Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment was performed for 12 neonates(33％,12/36),with a mean score of(32±4)points.The prognosis of 27 neonates was followed up to around 12 months of age,with 44％(12/27)of the neonates having a good prognosis.Conclusions Ischemic stroke is the main type of neonatal stroke,often with convulsions as the initial presentation,involvement of the middle cerebral artery,sharp waves on electroencephalography,and a relatively low neurodevelopment score.Symptomatic/supportive treatment is the main treatment method,and some neonates tend to have a poor prognosis.

【Objective】 To analyze the position of the feeding artery entering the renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with 3D Slicer software, so as to explore the distribution pattern of the tumor artery and to provide an anatomical basis for the accurate surgical resection. 【Methods】 The clinical data of RCC patients who underwent partial nephrectomy in the Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University during Jan.2021 and Jun.2022 were collected.The preoperative renal artery CT angiography data were imported into 3D Slicer software in DICOM format to construct the relative positions of tumor-feeding artery from horizontal, sagittal and coronary planes.The number and distribution of tumor feeding arteries in each plane were analyzed. 【Results】 A total of 112 patients (59 male and 53 female) with single tumor were involved.RENAL score was 4-10.The tumor stages were T1a in 58 cases, T1b in 48 cases, and T2a in 6 cases.Among them, 38 cases (33.93%) had 1 tumor artery, 53 cases (47.32%) had 2 tumor arteries, and 21 cases (18.75%) had 3 tumor arteries.Of these 207 tumor arteries, 22 (10.63%) entered the tumor through the superficial part of the tumor bed, and 185 (89.37%) through the deep part. 【Conclusion】 In localized RCC, nearly 90% of the feeding arteries enter the tumor from deep part of the tumor bed, which provides an anatomical basis for accurate tumor resection and wound suture in partial nephrectomy.

Objective To investigate the role of miR-27a-3p in sevoflurane-induced neurocognitive dysfunction.Methods Bioinformatics prediction and validation:Predicted the target genes of miR-27a-3p using bioinformatics databases,and verified the interaction between miR-27a-3p and target genes using dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and Western blot.Cell experiments:Cells were divided into two groups,the miR-27a-3p interference control(Sevo+NC)group was transfected with miR-27a-3p interference control plasmid,and the miR-27a-3p interference treatment(Sevo+anti-miR-27a-3p)group was transfected with miR-27a-3p interference plasmid.Before transfection,the plasmids were treated with 4％sevoflurane for 6 h.Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of tau and phosphorylaed tau(p-tau)in SY5Y cells of each group.Animal experiments:Mice were randomly divided into control group(no treatment),sevoflurane group(treated with 4％sevoflurane only),miR-27a-3p interference control group(Sevo+NC,injected with miR-27a-3p interference control plasmid after 4％sevoflurane treatment)and miR-27a-3p interference treatment group(Sevo+anti-miR-27-3p,injected with miR-27a-3p interference plasmid after 4％sevoflurane treatment).The neurocognitive abilities of mice were tested using the water maze experiment,and the level of tau phosphorylation in the hippocampal tissue of mice was detected by immunofluorescence.Results Bioinformatics prediction and validation:Bioinformatics prediction suggested that presenilin 1(PSEN1)might be a target gene of miR-27 a-3p.Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and Western blot showed that miR-27 a-3p interacted with PSEN1.Cell experiments:The levels of p-tau in Sevo+NC group and Sevo+anti-miR27-3p group were 0.69±0.08 and 0.21±0.05,respectively.Animal experiments:The escape latency times of the control group,sevoflurane group,Sevo+NC group and Sevo+anti-miR-27-3p group were(27.54±3.67),(52.38±6.12),(55.16±5.79)and(38.46±4.78)s,respectively;the results of the novel object exploration index were 0.78±0.11,0.31±0.07,0.33±0.06,and 0.57±0.08,respectively.Immunofluorescence detection showed a significant decrease in p-tau levels in the hippocampal tissue of mice(P＜0.05).Conclusion miR-27 a-3p regulates the p-tau protein by targeting the PSEN1 gene,and interfering with miR-27 a-3p can alleviate sevoflurane-induced neurocognitive dysfunction in mice.

Objective To evaluate the bioequivalence of metronidazole tablet and reference formulation in Chinese healthy subjects.Methods A single-dose,two-cycle,randomized,open,self-crossover trial was designed with 48 healthy subjects randomly assigned to fasting or postprandial group.For each group,a single oral dose of metronidazole tablet(200 mg)or a reference preparation(200 mg)per cycle were enrolled.The concentration of metronidazole in plasma was measured by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS).The non-compartmental model was applied to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters for bioequivalence analysis via SAS 9.3 software.Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of test and reference metronidazole tablets in the fasting group were as follows,the Cmax were(4 855.00±1 383.97)and(4 799.13±1 195.32)ng·h·mL-1;the AUC0-t were(54 834.68±12 697.88)and(55 931.35±11 935.28)ng·h·mL-1;the AUC0-∞ were(56 778.09±13 937.76)and(57 922.83±13 260.54)ng·h·mL-1;the Tmax were respectively 1.17 and 1.00 h;t1/2 were(8.99±1.76)and(9.11±1.73)h,respectively.The ratio of the geometric mean and its 90％confidence intervals(CI)of Cmax,AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ were all within the equivalent interval of 80.00％-125.00％.As for postprandial conditions,the main pharmacokinetic parameters of test and reference metronidazole tablets were as follows,the Cmax were(4 057.08±655.08)and(4 044.17±773.98)ng·h·mL-1;the AUC0-t were(55 956.42±12 228.12)and(55 121.04±11 784.55)ng·h·mL-1;the AUC0-∞ were(58 212.83±13 820.00)and(57 350.38±13 229.46)ng·h·mL-1;the Tmax were 2.50 and 2.25 h;the t1/2 were(9.37±1.68)and(9.37±1.79)h,respectively.The ratio of the geometric mean and 90％CI of Cmax,AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ were all within the equivalent interval of 80.00％-125.00％.Conclusion The two preparations were bioequivalent to Chinese healthy adult volunteers under both fasting and fed conditions.

This experiment aims to study the taste-masking effects of different kinds of corrigent used individually and in combination on ibuprofen oral solution, in order to optimize the taste-masking formulation. Firstly, a wide range of corrigent and the mass fractions were extensively screened using electronic tongue technology. Subsequently, a combination of sensory evaluation, analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-fuzzy mathematics evaluation, and Box-Behnken experimental design were employed to comprehensively assess the taste-masking effects of different combinations of corrigent on ibuprofen oral solution, optimize the taste-masking formulation, and validate the results. The study received ethical approval from the Review Committee of the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (ethical code: 2024BZYLL0102). The results showed that corrigent fractions and types were screened separately through single-factor experiments. Subsequently, a Box-Behnken response surface design combined with AHP and fuzzy mathematics evaluation was used to fit a functional model: Z = 688.310 11 - 3 023.722 22X₁ - 11.477 00X₂ + 62.721 67X₃ + 14.600 00X₁X₂ - 179.666 67X₁X₃ - 3.152 00X₂X₃ + 4 031.111 11X₁² + 0.525 28X₂² + 9.772 00X₃². This model is stable and reliable, determining the optimal taste-masking formulation to be 3.9 g·L^-1 of stevioside, 100 g L^-1 of xylitol, and 30 g L^-1 of methyl-β-cyclodextrin. The comprehensive score of the verification test is 88.14, with a relative RSD of 0.39%, indicating the feasibility of this model. This study achieved the improvement of the taste of ibuprofen oral solution through a combination of objective and subjective methods. Three types of corrigent were identified for enhancing drug taste, leading to the selection of the optimal taste-masking formulation for ibuprofen oral solution. This significantly enhanced the taste of the original formulation, improved patient compliance, and offered a new approach to mitigating the undesirable taste of formulations.

In the study of age estimation in living individuals,a lot of data needs to be analyzed by mathematical statistics,and reasonable medical statistical methods play an important role in data design and analysis.The selection of accurate and appropriate statistical methods is one of the key factors af-fecting the quality of research results.This paper reviews the principles and applicable principles of the commonly used medical statistical methods such as descriptive statistics,difference analysis,consistency test and multivariate statistical analysis,as well as machine learning methods such as shallow learning and deep learning in the age estimation research of living individuals,and summarizes the relevance and application prospects between medical statistical methods and machine learning methods.This paper aims to provide technical guidance for the age estimation research of living individuals to obtain more scientific and accurate results.

Humans ; Gemcitabine ; Neoplasms

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the food security status of urban poor adolescents and its association with diet quality. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 188 adolescents aged 13–18 yrs living in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Household food insecurity and dietary intake data were collected using the Radimer/Cornell hunger and food insecurity instrument and 2-day 24-h dietary recalls, respectively. Diet quality was determined using the Malaysian Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Weight and height were measured and body mass index-for-age, as well as height-for-age z scores were calculated. RESULTS: The present study revealed that 47.9% of the adolescents experienced household food insecurity, 24.5% experienced individual food insecurity, 18.6% household food security, and 9.0% child hunger. The mean score of diet quality was 56.83 ± 10.09, with a significantly lower HEI score among food insecure adolescents (household food insecure, individual food insecure, and child hunger) than household food secure adolescents (P = 0.001). The differences between food secure and food insecure households were found to be significant for energy (P = 0.001) and nutrients including proteins (P = 0.006), carbohydrates (P = 0.005), dietary fiber (P = 0.001), folate (P < 0.001), and vitamin C (P = 0.006). The multiple linear regression showed that adolescents who experienced food insecurity (β = −0.328; P = 0.003) were found to be significantly associated with poor diet quality (F = 2.726; P < 0.01), wherein 13.3% of the variation in the diet quality was explained by the food security status. CONCLUSIONS Experiencing food insecurity contributed to poor diet quality among urban poor adolescents. Further longitudinal studies are needed to comprehensively understand this association to improve food insecurity and diet quality among urban poor communities.

Bone development shows certain regularity with age. The regularity can be used to infer age and serve many fields such as justice, medicine, archaeology, etc. As a non-invasive evaluation method of the epiphyseal development stage, MRI is widely used in living age estimation. In recent years, the rapid development of machine learning has significantly improved the effectiveness and reliability of living age estimation, which is one of the main development directions of current research. This paper summarizes the analysis methods of age estimation by knee joint MRI, introduces the current research trends, and future application trend.
Epiphyses/diagnostic imaging* ; Age Determination by Skeleton/methods* ; Reproducibility of Results ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods* ; Knee Joint/diagnostic imaging*

Objective: To investigate the response characteristics of patients with locally advanced/metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (nsq-NSCLC) treated with tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy in the first line. Methods: Patients with nsq-NSCLC who achieved complete or partial remission after treatment with tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone in the RATIONALE 304 study, as assessed by an independent review board, were selected to analyze the response characteristics and safety profile of the responders. Time to response (TTR) was defined as the time from randomization to the achievement of first objective response. Depth of response (DpR) was defined as the maximum percentage of tumor shrinkage compared with the sum of the baseline target lesion length diameters. Results: As of January 23, 2020, 128 patients treated with tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy achieved objective tumor response (responders), representing 57.4%(128/223) of the intention-to-treat population, with a TTR of 5.1 to 33.3 weeks and a median TTR of 7.9 weeks. Of the responders (128), 50.8%(65) achieved first remission at the first efficacy assessment (week 6), 31.3%(40) at the second efficacy assessment (week 12), and 18.0%(23) at the third and subsequent tumor assessments. The percentages of responders who achieved a depth of tumor response of 30% to <50%, 50% to <70% and 70% to 100% were 45.3%(58/128), 28.1%(36/128) and 26.6%(34/128), respectively, with median progression-free survival (PFS) of 9.0 months (95% CI: 7.7 to 9.9 months), 11.5 months (95% CI: 7.7 months to not reached) and not reached (95% CI: 11.8 months to not estimable), respectively. Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy were generally well tolerated in responders with similar safety profile to the overall safety population. Conclusion: Among responders to tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy for nsq-NSCLC, 82.0%(105/128) achieves response within the first two tumor assessments (12 weeks) and 18.0%(23/128) achieves response at later (18 to 33 weeks) assessments, and there is a trend toward prolonged PFS in responders with deeper tumor response.
Humans ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use* ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects* ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology* ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Treatment Outcome