ObjectiveTo investigate the level of hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) among preschool children (aged 3‒6 years) and primary and secondary school students in Tonglu County, Zhejiang Province, to evaluate the effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination, and to provide a basis for hepatitis B prevention and control in the region. MethodsAs part of the 2023 Tonglu County Urban and Rural Residents Health Examination Program, blood samples were collected during health check-ups. Fingertip blood samples were obtained from preschool children, while venous blood samples were collected from primary and secondary school children. The anti-HBs levels in blood (positive + / negative -) were qualitatively tested using hepatitis B surface antibody test kits (latex method). The differences in anti-HBs positivity rates among different age groups were analyzed. ResultsBetween April 1, 2023 and June 30, 2023, a total of 52 919 individuals were surveyed, including 11 973 preschool children and 40 946 primary and secondary school students. The overall anti-HBs positivity rate was 39.74%, with the highest positivity rate observed among preschool children (60.20%). Age was negatively correlated with the anti-HBs positivity rate (P<0.001). No significant gender differences in anti-HBs positivity rates were observed. The anti-HBs positive rate in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas, with statistically significant differences across school grade groups (primary grades 1‒3, grades 4‒6, middle school, and high school) (P<0.001). ConclusionThe anti-HBs positivity rate among preschool and school-age children in Tonglu County decreases with age and remains relatively low. It is recommended to strengthen the monitoring of hepatitis B antibody levels and promote health education among preschool and school-age children. Children who have not completed the full hepatitis B vaccination should receive timely catch-up vaccination.

Objective: To analyze the association of eating dining locations and their association with nutritional status among Chinese children aged 6-17 years,so as to provide reference for guiding children s reasonable diet. Methods: Stratified random cluster sampling was used to select children aged 6 to 17 years from 28 cities and rural areas of 14 provinces in East, North, Central, South, Southwest, Northwest, Northeast of China, and a total of 52 535 children were included in the study from 2019 to 2021. Information including dining locations, demographic characteristics, dietary intakes and physical activity were collected through a questionnaire survey. Fasting body height and weight were measured in the morning. Unordered multiclass Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between dining locations and nutritional status in children. Results: Regarding children s dining locations, 66.3% ate breakfast at home,25.8% ate breakfast at school,7.9% ate breakfast outside (small dining tables, restaurants, stalls, etc.); 67.7% ate dinner at home,29.0% ate dinner at school,3.3% ate dinner outside; and 63.6% ate lunch at school,30.8% ate lunch at home,5.7% ate lunch outside. The prevalence rates of overweight/obesity and undernutrition were 28.6% and 9.3%, respectively. The adjusted multiclass Logistic regression analysis (controlling for age, region, parental education, household income, total energy intake, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) demonstrated that, compared to eating at home, school based breakfast and dinner consumption was associated with significantly lower overweight/obesity risks for both genders (boys: breakfast OR =0.70, 95% CI =0.65-0.75; dinner OR =0.80, 95% CI = 0.74- 0.86; girls: breakfast OR = 0.89 , 95% CI = 0.82-0.96; dinner OR =0.88, 95% CI =0.81-0.95), whereas eating lunch away from home significantly increased overweight/obesity risks (boys: OR =1.32, 95% CI =1.17-1.48; girls: OR =1.43, 95% CI =1.26- 1.62 ), with all associations being statistically significant ( P <0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, boys who ate breakfast away from home showed a significantly reduced risk of undernutrition ( OR =0.80,95% CI =0.66-0.97), while those consuming lunch away from home had an increased risk ( OR =1.26, 95% CI =1.01-1.57) ( P <0.05). Conclusions The choice of dining locations for children is becoming more diverse, and a relatively high proportion of children eat meals outside the home and at school. Eating out have a higher risk of malnutrition for children. School feeding may be beneficial to children s physical health.

The cellular and molecular components of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and their information exchange processes significantly influence the trends of anti-tumor immunity. In recent years, numerous studies have begun to evaluate TIME in the context of previous cancer treatment strategies. This review will systematically summarize the compositional characteristics of TIME and, based on this foundation, explore the impact of current cancer therapies on the remodeling of TIME, aiming to provide new insights for the development of innovative immune combination therapies that can convert TIME into an anti-tumor profile.
Tumor Microenvironment/immunology* ; Humans ; Neoplasms/therapy* ; Immunotherapy/methods* ; Animals

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characteristics and genetic etiology of eight members from a pedigree affected with epidermolysis bullosa (EB). METHODS: A girl presented with recurrent, unexplained blisters on the palmar and plantar skin for 8 years and sought medical care in October 2024 was enrolled as the study subject. A retrospective study was conducted to collect the child's clinical data, and a detailed medical history was taken for her family members. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from the child and her parents for genomic DNA extraction. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed. Candidate variant was validated by Sanger sequencing. The pathogenicity of the candidate variants was classified in accordance with the Standards and Guidelines for the Interpretation of Sequence Variants issued by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG, hereinafter referred to as the "ACMG Guidelines"). This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the 980th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (Ethics No.: 2019-KY-01). RESULTS: The proband was an 8-year-and-4-month-old female. Four months after birth, she had developed recurrent blisters on the palmar and plantar skin without obvious triggers, accompanied by significant pain. Symptoms were more severe in summer and slightly relieved in winter. Although symptomatic treatment could alleviate the symptoms, she was unable to participate in physical activities. A detailed family history revealed that her great-grandfather, grandfather, father, half-brother, great-aunt, great-aunt's son and two grandsons, as well as her aunt and aunt's son, had similar clinical manifestations. WES revealed that she has harbored a heterozygous c.556-16(IVS1)C>G (NM_000424.4) variant in the KRT5 gene, which was identified as a splice site mutation. Reverse transcription sequencing confirmed that this variant can disrupt normal splicing, resulting in retention of a 15 bp sequence in the first intron. Sanger sequencing demonstrated that the variant was inherited from the father, and the 6 aforementioned relatives with similar phenotypes have all carried the same variant (the great-grandfather, grandfather, and great-aunt had declined genetic testing due to advanced age). Based on the ACMG guidelines, this variant was classified as pathogenic (PS3+PM2_Supporting+PP3+PP1_strong). CONCLUSION Patients with epidermolysis bullosa simplex may exhibit clinical features including blistering on the skin or mucous membranes of friction-prone sites (e.g. hands, feet, elbows, and knees) following minor trauma or friction, as well as increased skin fragility. The c.556-16(IVS1)C>G (rs376462752) variant of the KRT5 gene probably underlay the pathogenesis of EB in this child. Above findings have enriched the mutational spectrum of the KRT5 gene.
Child ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; China ; Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex/genetics* ; Exome Sequencing ; Keratin-5/genetics* ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Retrospective Studies ; East Asian People/genetics*

Objective:To investigate the changing trends and influencing factors of two kinds of absorbable hemostatic gauze in clinical use based on real-world data,so as to provide a reference for the refined management of absorbable hemostatic gauze.Methods:Data of surgical samples of a total of 34658 pieces of absorbable hemostatic gauzes,whose brand include brand A and brand B,in 27,468 surgeries of the Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 1,2015 and December 31,2023 were selected.In them,12729 surgeries used hemostatic gauzes(18,457 pieces)of brand A,and 14,739 surgeries used hemostatic gauzes(16,201 pieces)of brand B.The changing trends of the usage and cost of two kinds of absorbable hemostatic gauzes were compared and analyzed,which correlations of that with the different indicators of workload also were compared and analyzed.Results:The usage amount of absorbable hemostatic gauze of brand B increased annually,which had higher average costs per surgery but lower average usage amount per surgery.Brand B was mainly used in surgery of level-4.Both the usage amounts of brand A(18,457 pieces)and brand B(16,201 pieces)showed a positive correlation with the proportion of patients with difficult and critically ill(r=0.232,0.593,P<0.05),as well as with the proportion of medical consumables expenditure(r=0.334,0.491,P<0.05).Compared to brand A,brand B demonstrated a stronger positive correlation with the proportion of patients with difficult and critically ill,and the proportion of consumables expenditure.However,there was no significant correlation between the usage amount of each brand and the number of inpatients who received surgeries(P>0.05).The usage amount of absorbable hemostatic gauze of each brand was negative correlation with the proportion of pharmaceutical expenditure(r=-0.538,-0.696,P<0.05).Conclusion:The evaluation based on real-world data for clinical use of absorbable hemostatic gauze can reveal that brand B is gradually replacing brand A in clinical application.In clinical practice,the surgery with higher-level more prefers to use brand B.This result can guide management departments to monitor the use of absorbable hemostatic gauze.However,the balance between clinical demand and cost-effectiveness also should be considered,so as to promote the rational use of hemostatic materials,and ensure effective allocation for resource.

Objective:To compare and analyze the similarities and differences in clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, pathological characteristics, and prognosis between urticarial vasculitis (UV) and chronic spontaneous urticaria with pigmentation (CSUwp) .Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data and follow-up results from 35 UV patients and 54 CSUwp patients who attended the Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University from 2014 to 2024. The clinical characteristics (duration of rash, pigmentation, petechiae and ecchymosis, itching, burning sensation, fever, fatigue, skin lesion characteristics, etc.) , laboratory test results, pathological features, and prognosis were compared between the two groups. Statistical analysis was carried out by t test, chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results:There were no significant differences in gender, age, or age of onset between the UV group and CSUwp group (all P < 0.05) . The proportions of patients with petechiae/purpura (68.57% [24/35] vs. 11.11% [6/54]) , and those with burning sensation (22.86% [8/35] vs. 3.70% [2/54]) were significantly higher in the UV group than in the CSUwp group (both P < 0.05) . Compared with the CSUwp patients, the UV patients presented with a greater number of lesions, larger lesion areas, and more frequent involvement of the lower limbs (all P < 0.05) , also showed significantly higher incidence rates of peripheral blood complement reduction, perivascular neutrophil infiltration, nuclear dust, fibrinoid necrosis of the vessel wall, and erythrocyte extravasation (all P < 0.05) , as well as more extensive dermal perivascular inflammation ( Z = -4.506, P < 0.001) . Among patients who achieved remission, the natural disease course was significantly longer in the CSUwp patients than in the UV patients (6.00 [2.5, 24] months vs. 2.00 [0.5, 24] months; Z = -2.618, P = 0.009]. However, the survival analysis showed no significant difference in the natural disease course or clinical outcomes between the two groups ( χ2 = 2.771, P = 0.096) . There were also no significant differences in rash duration or in the incidence rates of itching, angioedema, or joint pain between the two groups (all P > 0.05) . Conclusions:UV patients exhibited certain differences from CSUwp patients in clinical characteristics, laboratory test results, histopathological features, and prognosis. However, whether their natural disease courses differ requires further follow-up studies to confirm.

Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD)is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and neurological dysfunction in the infants,and it remains a focal point of research in neonatology.MicroRNA(miRNA)is involved in neural development,and its alterations is closely associated with the pathological progression of HIBD.However,there is a lack of effective integration of studies on the specific roles and mechanisms of miRNAs at different pathological stages of the disease.This review summarized the recent researches on miRNA in various stages of HIBD.During the hypoxic-ischemic phase,abnormal expression of certain hypoxia-related miRNA can serve as novel biological diagnostic markers.In the cerebral edema phase,miRNA may maintain the integrity of the blood-brain barrier,alleviating neuronal swelling and structural changes.In the cerebral infarction phase,miRNA can inhibit the expression of apoptotic proteins,enhance the neuronal survival rates,reduce the infarct size,and improve neurological behavior.Further research into the mechanisms of miRNA in HIBD will provide new insights for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for HIBD.

Objective:To compare and analyze the similarities and differences in clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, pathological characteristics, and prognosis between urticarial vasculitis (UV) and chronic spontaneous urticaria with pigmentation (CSUwp) .Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data and follow-up results from 35 UV patients and 54 CSUwp patients who attended the Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University from 2014 to 2024. The clinical characteristics (duration of rash, pigmentation, petechiae and ecchymosis, itching, burning sensation, fever, fatigue, skin lesion characteristics, etc.) , laboratory test results, pathological features, and prognosis were compared between the two groups. Statistical analysis was carried out by t test, chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results:There were no significant differences in gender, age, or age of onset between the UV group and CSUwp group (all P < 0.05) . The proportions of patients with petechiae/purpura (68.57% [24/35] vs. 11.11% [6/54]) , and those with burning sensation (22.86% [8/35] vs. 3.70% [2/54]) were significantly higher in the UV group than in the CSUwp group (both P < 0.05) . Compared with the CSUwp patients, the UV patients presented with a greater number of lesions, larger lesion areas, and more frequent involvement of the lower limbs (all P < 0.05) , also showed significantly higher incidence rates of peripheral blood complement reduction, perivascular neutrophil infiltration, nuclear dust, fibrinoid necrosis of the vessel wall, and erythrocyte extravasation (all P < 0.05) , as well as more extensive dermal perivascular inflammation ( Z = -4.506, P < 0.001) . Among patients who achieved remission, the natural disease course was significantly longer in the CSUwp patients than in the UV patients (6.00 [2.5, 24] months vs. 2.00 [0.5, 24] months; Z = -2.618, P = 0.009]. However, the survival analysis showed no significant difference in the natural disease course or clinical outcomes between the two groups ( χ2 = 2.771, P = 0.096) . There were also no significant differences in rash duration or in the incidence rates of itching, angioedema, or joint pain between the two groups (all P > 0.05) . Conclusions:UV patients exhibited certain differences from CSUwp patients in clinical characteristics, laboratory test results, histopathological features, and prognosis. However, whether their natural disease courses differ requires further follow-up studies to confirm.

Objective:To investigate the changing trends and influencing factors of two kinds of absorbable hemostatic gauze in clinical use based on real-world data,so as to provide a reference for the refined management of absorbable hemostatic gauze.Methods:Data of surgical samples of a total of 34658 pieces of absorbable hemostatic gauzes,whose brand include brand A and brand B,in 27,468 surgeries of the Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 1,2015 and December 31,2023 were selected.In them,12729 surgeries used hemostatic gauzes(18,457 pieces)of brand A,and 14,739 surgeries used hemostatic gauzes(16,201 pieces)of brand B.The changing trends of the usage and cost of two kinds of absorbable hemostatic gauzes were compared and analyzed,which correlations of that with the different indicators of workload also were compared and analyzed.Results:The usage amount of absorbable hemostatic gauze of brand B increased annually,which had higher average costs per surgery but lower average usage amount per surgery.Brand B was mainly used in surgery of level-4.Both the usage amounts of brand A(18,457 pieces)and brand B(16,201 pieces)showed a positive correlation with the proportion of patients with difficult and critically ill(r=0.232,0.593,P<0.05),as well as with the proportion of medical consumables expenditure(r=0.334,0.491,P<0.05).Compared to brand A,brand B demonstrated a stronger positive correlation with the proportion of patients with difficult and critically ill,and the proportion of consumables expenditure.However,there was no significant correlation between the usage amount of each brand and the number of inpatients who received surgeries(P>0.05).The usage amount of absorbable hemostatic gauze of each brand was negative correlation with the proportion of pharmaceutical expenditure(r=-0.538,-0.696,P<0.05).Conclusion:The evaluation based on real-world data for clinical use of absorbable hemostatic gauze can reveal that brand B is gradually replacing brand A in clinical application.In clinical practice,the surgery with higher-level more prefers to use brand B.This result can guide management departments to monitor the use of absorbable hemostatic gauze.However,the balance between clinical demand and cost-effectiveness also should be considered,so as to promote the rational use of hemostatic materials,and ensure effective allocation for resource.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of Xiaosheng Powder ultrasonic nebulization combined with meibomian gland massage in treating liver depression and Yin deficiency pattern of meibomian gland dysfunction dry eye.Methods:Randomized controlled trial. From March 2021 to September 2021, a total of 50 patients (100 eyes) diagnosed with meibomian gland dysfunction dry eye of the liver depression and Yin deficiency pattern at the Ophthalmology Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences were selected. They were randomly divided into two groups using a random number table, with 25 patients (50 eyes) in each group. The control group received 0.1% sodium hyaluronate eye drops combined with meibomian gland massage, while the treatment group received Xiaosheng Powder nebulization combined with meibomian gland massage. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, the tear film break-up time (BUT), Schirmer I test (SIT), corneal fluorescein staining (FL) scores, TCM symptom scores, and meibomian gland function scores were observed and evaluated. Adverse reactions were recorded.Results:After treatment, the treatment group exhibited statistically significant improvements compared to the control group in the following aspects: BUT was significantly longer in the treatment group (t=8.76, P<0.01); SIT values were significantly higher in the treatment group ( t=6.18, P<0.01); FL scores, TCM symptom scores and meibomian gland function scores were significantly lower than in the treatment group ( t values were 2.19, 5.36 and 12.09, P<0.01). The total effective rate in the treatment group was 96.0% (24/25), while in the control group, it was 68.0% (17/25), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2=4.88, P=0.027). Conclusion:The combination of Xiaosheng Powder ultrasonic nebulization and meibomian gland massage is effective in improving the clinical symptoms of patients with meibomian gland dysfunction dry eye of the liver depression and Yin deficiency pattern. Furthermore, this approach is considered safe and efficient.