Objective: To explore the related factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in overweight and obese children and adolescents, so as to provide scientific evidence for early screening and making targeted comprehensive prevention and control strategies. Methods: A total of 332 overweight and obese children and adolescents aged 6-18 years who visited the department of pediatric endocrinology of a tertiary hospital in Liaoning Province from February 2023 to July 2025 were selected. A case control design was adopted, and the subjects were divided into the case group (overweight/obese children and adolescents with T2DM, n =166) and the control group (overweight/obese children and adolescents without diabetes, n =166) based on 1∶1 propensity score matching. Information on demographic characteristics, dietary and lifestyle behaviors was collected through questionnaires. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the related factors of T2DM in overweight and obese children and adolescents. Results: The average body mass index of overweight and obese children and adolescents was (28.50±5.23)kg/m 2. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that family history of diabetes ( OR=6.71, 95%CI =3.35-14.05), age at onset of weight gain <6 years ( OR=4.08, 95%CI =2.13-8.13), hyperphagia ( OR=2.46, 95%CI =1.25-4.97), and preference for fried foods ( OR= 2.42 , 95%CI =1.21-4.99) were associated with an increased risk of T2DM in overweight and obese children and adolescents (all P < 0.05). In contrast, vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy ( OR=0.50, 95%CI =0.25-0.99), frequent sun exposure during pregnancy of mothers ( OR=0.48, 95%CI =0.24-0.97), breastfeeding ( OR=0.35, 95%CI =0.18-0.66), vitamin D supplementation after 3 years of age ( OR=0.31, 95%CI =0.14-0.68), and active commuting to school ( OR=0.29, 95%CI =0.15-0.58) were associated with a reduced risk of T2DM in overweight and obese children and adolescents (all P <0.05). Conclusions The occurrence of T2DM in overweight and obese children and adolescents is closely related to early onset obesity, genetic background, dietary behaviors, and physical activity. A continuous comprehensive prevention and control strategy from pregnancy to school age should be established to reduce the risk of the disease.

To develop biocontrol agents for the control of kiwifruit bacterial canker, we isolated a strain CXG2-5 with inhibitory activity against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), the pathogen of kiwifruit bacterial canker, from the rhizosphere soil of kiwifruit by the plate confrontation test. The strain was identified by morphological observation, physiological and biochemical tests, and molecular biological methods. The indoor control efficacy of the strain was determined by the inoculation of the strain into detached branches with wounds and into leaf discs by vacuum infiltration. The ability of the strain to expand and colonize leaf veins was determined by fluorescent labeling and scanning electron microscopy. Subsequently, the strain was prepared into microcapsules, the field control efficacy of which was evaluated. The strain CXG2-5 was identified as Pseudomonas benzenivorans. It demonstrated good antagonistic activity against Psa, with an inhibition zone diameter of 22 mm and an inhibition rate of 72.7%. The preventive effects of the strain on kiwifruit bacterial canker were better than the therapeutic effects on both detached branches and leaves, with the preventive effects reaching 65% and 92.4%, respectively. The control effect of microcapsules of this strain in the field reached 60.89%, which was slightly lower than that of 20% kasugamycin and higher than that of Bacillus subtilis wettable powder. In conclusion, strain CXG2-5 serves as a candidate for the control of kiwifruit bacterial canker, and the prepared microcapsules have good value for development and application.
Actinidia/microbiology* ; Plant Diseases/prevention & control* ; Pseudomonas syringae ; Pseudomonas/isolation & purification* ; Capsules ; Antibiosis ; Biological Control Agents ; Pest Control, Biological/methods*

Objective To develop and validate a deep learning-based segmentation model for low-dose cervical spine X-ray,aiming to address the insufficient segmentation accuracy in low-dose protocols while balancing radiation protection and diagnostic accuracy.Methods A total of 1 363 patients cervical spine X-ray images data were collected.A dose-attenuation mathematical simulation sys-tem was constructed to generate 14 122 dynamic low-dose cervical spine images incorporating quantum noise,contrast degradation,and blur artifacts.A neural network model was developed for automated segmentation of low-dose cervical spine X-ray using this dataset.Results Within the dose range of 50%to 7.5%,the average reults of automatic segmentation by the neural network model and manual segmentation for each group were as follows:50%dose group,intersection over union(IoU)=0.98 vs 0.93(P=0.707)and Dice coefficient(Dice)=0.99 vs 0.96(P=0.749);10%dose group,IoU=0.97 vs 0.87(P=0.201)and Dice=0.99 vs 0.93(P=0.219);7.5%dose group,IoU=0.97 vs 0.67(P<0.01)and Dice=0.98 vs 0.80(P<0.01).Conclusion The developed deep learning model achieved robust cervical spine segmentation(IoU>0.96,Dice>0.98)below diagnostic dose thresholds[peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)<38 dB,structural similarity index(SSIM)<0.65].Under ultra-low-dose conditions(PSNR=27.710 dB,SSIM=0.274),it demonstrated a 44.78%IoU improvement and 22.5%Dice improvement over manual segmentation.This model enables minimal radia-tion exposure while preserving diagnostic performance,confirming its theoretical feasibility for low-dose X-ray image analysis and clinical research potential.

Objective To explore the chain-mediating effect of anxiety and maladaptive coping strategies on perceived social support and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)in primary caregivers of children with acute leukemia.Methods Two hundred primary care-givers of children with acute leukemia treated in the Pediatric Hematology Department of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University between September 2022 and April 2023 were selected.A general information questionnaire,Perceived Social Support Scale,Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,Trait Coping Style Questionnaire,and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version were used for the survey.Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationships between anxiety,maladaptive coping,perceived social sup-port,and PTSD.The chain-mediating effect was determined by structural equation modeling using Analysis of Moment Structures software and the Bootstrap method.Results PTSD was negatively correlated with perceived social support(r=-0.179,P＜0.05)and positively correlated with anxiety and maladaptive coping(r=0.762,P＜0.01;r=0.423,P＜0.01).Anxiety and maladaptive coping had chain-me-diating roles in the relationship between perceived social support and PTSD.Conclusion Perceived social support can indirectly affect the PTSD level of a caregiver through the chain-mediating effect of anxiety and maladaptive coping strategies.In clinical practice,enhancing caregivers perception of social support can alleviate anxiety,promote positive coping strategies,reduce negative coping strate-gies,and effectively reduce the risk of developing PTSD.

Objective To study the therapeutic effects of Yigan Fupi decoction(YGFP)on irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)and its mechanism of action in repairing the intestinal barrier and reducing IBS sensitivity through the PKA/PKC-CREB pathway.Methods Baby rats separated from their mother were randomly divided into a model control(M)and a YGFP group,while baby rats without maternal separation were used as a normal control(N)group.The YGFP group was given YGFP for 4 weeks.Abdominal withdrawal reflux was used to evaluate intestinal sensitivity.Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and ELISA were used to detect bile acid metabolite concentrations and serum levels of interleukin(IL)-6 and CXCL1,respectively.HE staining was used to observe pathological changes in the colon,and Western Blot and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the relative protein expression levels of PKA,PKC,CREB,5HT2AR,5-HT7R,ZO-1,and Claudin 1.Results Compared with the normal control group,the M group showed a significantly decreased visceral pain threshold,significantly increased levels of total bile acid metabolites,IL-6,and CXCL1,significantly increased relative expression of PKA,PKC,CREB,5HT2AR,and 5-HT7R,and significantly decreased relative expression of ZO-1 and Claudin 1.Compared with the M group,the YGFP group showed a significantly increased visceral pain threshold,significantly reduced levels of total bile acid metabolites,IL-6,and CXCL1,significantly reduced relative expression of PKA,PKC,CREB,5HT2AR,and 5-HT7R,and increased relative expression of ZO-1 and Claudin 1.Conclusions YGFP effectively improved IBS through a mechanism that may involve repair of the intestinal barrier and reduced sensitivity through the PKA/PKC-CREB pathway.

Objective:To construct an indicator system for a nursing science and technology innovation curriculum guided by innovation competence, in order to provide a reference for cultivating innovation ability in nursing students.Methods:The overall research period was from March to December 2024. A nursing innovation curriculum indicator framework was initially developed through literature analysis and brainstorming. From October to December 2024, 19 experts from nine hospitals or universities across five provinces and cities were selected via purposive sampling to participate in two rounds of Delphi consultation. Revisions were made based on expert feedback.Results:Both rounds of expert consultation achieved a 100% response rate. The authority coefficient of the experts was 0.92. The final indicator system included four curriculum elements: course content, course objectives, teaching methods, and assessment, encompassing 14 first-level indicators and 40 second-level indicators.Conclusions:The innovation-oriented indicator system for nursing science and technology education demonstrates good scientific validity and reliability. It offers a foundational framework for advancing innovation-focused nursing education and curriculum design.

Objective:To construct an indicator system for a nursing science and technology innovation curriculum guided by innovation competence, in order to provide a reference for cultivating innovation ability in nursing students.Methods:The overall research period was from March to December 2024. A nursing innovation curriculum indicator framework was initially developed through literature analysis and brainstorming. From October to December 2024, 19 experts from nine hospitals or universities across five provinces and cities were selected via purposive sampling to participate in two rounds of Delphi consultation. Revisions were made based on expert feedback.Results:Both rounds of expert consultation achieved a 100% response rate. The authority coefficient of the experts was 0.92. The final indicator system included four curriculum elements: course content, course objectives, teaching methods, and assessment, encompassing 14 first-level indicators and 40 second-level indicators.Conclusions:The innovation-oriented indicator system for nursing science and technology education demonstrates good scientific validity and reliability. It offers a foundational framework for advancing innovation-focused nursing education and curriculum design.

Objective To explore the chain-mediating effect of anxiety and maladaptive coping strategies on perceived social support and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)in primary caregivers of children with acute leukemia.Methods Two hundred primary care-givers of children with acute leukemia treated in the Pediatric Hematology Department of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University between September 2022 and April 2023 were selected.A general information questionnaire,Perceived Social Support Scale,Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,Trait Coping Style Questionnaire,and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version were used for the survey.Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationships between anxiety,maladaptive coping,perceived social sup-port,and PTSD.The chain-mediating effect was determined by structural equation modeling using Analysis of Moment Structures software and the Bootstrap method.Results PTSD was negatively correlated with perceived social support(r=-0.179,P＜0.05)and positively correlated with anxiety and maladaptive coping(r=0.762,P＜0.01;r=0.423,P＜0.01).Anxiety and maladaptive coping had chain-me-diating roles in the relationship between perceived social support and PTSD.Conclusion Perceived social support can indirectly affect the PTSD level of a caregiver through the chain-mediating effect of anxiety and maladaptive coping strategies.In clinical practice,enhancing caregivers perception of social support can alleviate anxiety,promote positive coping strategies,reduce negative coping strate-gies,and effectively reduce the risk of developing PTSD.

A 36-year-old male patient presented with repeated myocardial infarction. Despite regular dual-antiplatelet therapy and intensive lipid-lowering therapy, he still experienced restenosis after coronary stent implantation. He then transferred to the Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. According to the disease history, combined with coronary artery inflammation observed by PET/CT and effective anti-inflammatory treatment, he was finally diagnosed with Behçet’s disease (BD) combined with isolated coronary arteritis. BD has been included in the Chinese Second Catalog of Rare Diseases, and the disease that only involves the coronary arteries is even rarer, which makes it very easy to misdiagnose and underdiagnosis in clinical practice. Strengthening the understanding of the complex clinical phenotypes of various vasculitis, attaching importance to multidisciplinary consultation, and dynamically following up are of great value for the early diagnosis of this disease.

OBJECTIVE To explore the potential mechanisms of astragalin （AG） in allevating ulcerative colitis （UC） in mice through modulation of the intestinal flora. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal group （CON group）， model group [dextran sodium sulfate （DSS） group]， 5-aminosalicylic acid group （5-ASA group）， AG low-dose group and high-dose group （AGL and AGH groups）， with 8 mice in each group. The mice UC model was established by drinking 3% DSS solution continuously for 7 days in all groups except the CON group. After that， 3% DSS solution was replaced by water， and the mice of each drug group were gavaged with the corresponding drug solution. Mice in the CON and DSS groups were gavaged with an equal volume of normal saline， once a day， for 7 days. After the last gavage， the body weight change index， disease activity index （DAI） score， colon length and spleen index， and levels of inflammatory factors （tumor necrosis factor-α， interleukin-1β， interleukin-6） were compared among the mice in each group； pathological changes in colonic tissues of the mice were observed in each group， and the pathological score and the percentage of goblet cells were compared； mRNA expressions of barrier-related factors [occludin and ZO-1] and inflammation-related factors [silencing information regulatory factor 1 （SIRT1）， c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK） and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK）] were detected in each group of mice； the changes in the intestinal flora of mice in each group were analyzed and the contents of intestinal metabolites short-chain fatty acids （SCFAs） was determined. Using DSS and AG-treated fecal bacterial liquid as an intervention， the mechanism of anti-UC effect of AG was further verified by a fecal microbiota transplant experiment. RESULTS Compared with the CON group， the intestinal mucosal structure of mice in the DSS group was severely damaged， with obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells collapsing the wall； their body weight change index， colon length， the percentage of goblet cells， mRNA expressions of occludin， ZO-1 and SIRT1， Chao1 and Shannon indexes， and contents of acetic acid and butyric acid were significantly reduced， shortened or down-regulated （P＜0.05）； however， DAI score， spleen index， levels of inflammatory factors， pathological score， as well as mRNA expressions of p38 MAPK and JNK， were all significantly increased or up-regulated （P＜0.05）. Compared with the DSS group， colon tissue lesions of AG mice in all dose groups showed different degrees of improvement， and the above quantitative indexes were generally regressed （P＜0.05）， and the intervention effect of AG-treated fecal bacterial fluid was basically the same as that of AG. CONCLUSIONS AG can improve relevant symptoms in UC mice and reduce their inflammatory response and colonic histopathological changes. The above effects may be related to regulating the diversity of intestinal flora in mice， increasing the contents of butyric acid and propionic acid， and promoting the repair of the colonic mucosal barrier， thus regulating the expressions of genes related to the SIRT1/p38 MAPK inflammatory pathway.