Objective:To investigate the long-term outcomes of using 3D-printed preformed titanium meshes in repair and reconstruction of orbital region.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with tumors invading the naso-orbito-maxillary region who underwent surgical resection and repair/reconstruction with 3D-printed preformed titanium meshes. The patients were collected at three medical centers (the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Xijing Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, and Shenzhen Longgang District Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital) from 2016 to 2023. Tumor extent was evaluated radiologically, and the surgical approaches, reconstruction outcomes, surgical complications, and long-term follow-up results were analyzed.Results:A total of 46 patients from the three centers were included in this study, comprising 27 males and 19 females, with an average age of 51 years (range: from 13 to 86 years). Among them, 4 patients had benign tumors, while the remaining 42 had malignant tumors. The median follow-up duration was 60.7 months (range: from 19.0 to 75.0 months). Postoperatively, symmetrical globe position was achieved in 38 cases without significant diplopia; 4 cases exhibited enophthalmos without diplopia, and 4 cases had enophthalmos with diplopia. Twelve patients received preoperative radiotherapy, and 30 patients received postoperative radiotherapy. Six patients developed enophthalmos, and 6 experienced titanium mesh exposure after radiotherapy. Following treatment completion, 3 patients underwent repair using frontal flaps, 1 using a superficial temporal artery island flap, and 2 using free flaps. All remaining patients showed no postoperative infections, and their wounds healed normally.Conclusion:The application of 3D-printed preformed titanium mesh enables precise repair of postoperative defects in patients with naso-orbital tumors, facilitating reliable reconstruction of the orbital and facial contours with straightforward operation and dependable outcomes.

Objective: To assess the association between Life eight ( LE8) scores and diabetes mellitus ( DM) ， and to examine the mediating effect of Methylmalonic acid (MMA). Methods: Based on cross-sectional data from the 2011—2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) ，weighted multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between the LE8 score and DM．A mediation model was further constructed to evaluate the mediating effect of MMA． Results: The weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis showed a significant negative correlation between LE8 score and the risk of DM．After adjusting for poten- tial confounders，a 1-point increase in LE8 was associated with a 7% reduction in DM risk ( OR = 0. 93，95% CI: 0. 92－0. 93，P = 0. 000 1) ．In contrast，the level of circulating MMA did not show a statistically significant rela- tionship with DM risk ( OR = 0. 99，95% CI: 0. 89 －1. 10，P = 0. 886 8) ．Further subgroup analysis by age re- vealed that in participants under 60 years of age，circulating MMA levels were positively associated with DM risk ( OR = 1. 39，95% CI: 1. 19 －1. 62 ，P ＜0. 000 1 ) ． Mediation analysis indicated that circulating MMA levels played a partial mediating role in the relationship between LE8 and DM，with a mediation ratio of 1. 5% (P < 0. 000 1) ． Conclusion High LE8 scores significantly reduce the risk of DM ，and circulating MMA levels may play a role in this，particularly among individuals younger than 60 years (individuals＜60 years of age

Objective:To investigate the long-term outcomes of using 3D-printed preformed titanium meshes in repair and reconstruction of orbital region.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with tumors invading the naso-orbito-maxillary region who underwent surgical resection and repair/reconstruction with 3D-printed preformed titanium meshes. The patients were collected at three medical centers (the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Xijing Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, and Shenzhen Longgang District Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital) from 2016 to 2023. Tumor extent was evaluated radiologically, and the surgical approaches, reconstruction outcomes, surgical complications, and long-term follow-up results were analyzed.Results:A total of 46 patients from the three centers were included in this study, comprising 27 males and 19 females, with an average age of 51 years (range: from 13 to 86 years). Among them, 4 patients had benign tumors, while the remaining 42 had malignant tumors. The median follow-up duration was 60.7 months (range: from 19.0 to 75.0 months). Postoperatively, symmetrical globe position was achieved in 38 cases without significant diplopia; 4 cases exhibited enophthalmos without diplopia, and 4 cases had enophthalmos with diplopia. Twelve patients received preoperative radiotherapy, and 30 patients received postoperative radiotherapy. Six patients developed enophthalmos, and 6 experienced titanium mesh exposure after radiotherapy. Following treatment completion, 3 patients underwent repair using frontal flaps, 1 using a superficial temporal artery island flap, and 2 using free flaps. All remaining patients showed no postoperative infections, and their wounds healed normally.Conclusion:The application of 3D-printed preformed titanium mesh enables precise repair of postoperative defects in patients with naso-orbital tumors, facilitating reliable reconstruction of the orbital and facial contours with straightforward operation and dependable outcomes.

Objective To conduct an analysis on objective data of tongue manifestations and complexions among college students with yang deficiency constitution and balanced constitution,thus to explore the correlation between yang deficiency constitution and the objective data of tongue manifestations and complexions among college students.Methods From August 2023 to January 2024,data collection was carried out in 325 cases of yang deficiency constitution(yang deficiency group)and 175 cases of balanced constitution(balanced group)from college students of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,Central South University,Hunan Normal University,Hunan University and Changsha University of Science and Technology in Hunan Province.YM-MA-Ⅰ digital detection system for tongue manifestations and complexions of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)was utilized for data collection and image analysis,and the differences in the Lab parameters of tongue color,tongue shape,tongue coating color,complexions,and lip color were compared between yang deficiency group and balanced group.Of the Lab parameters,letter"L"stands for luminance,which expresses the luminance from absolute black to absolute white,and takes the value of 0-100;letter"a"and letter"b"stand for two color channels,letter"a"represents the color from dark green to grey then to bright pink,and takes a value from-128 to 127,and letter"b"represents the color from bright blue to grey then to yellow,and also takes a value from-128 to 127.Results(1)The analysis of tongue manifestations showed that in comparison with the balanced group,enlarged tongue(72.62％),tooth-marked tongue(83.69％),and greasy coating(59.38％)were frequently seen in the yang deficiency group,and the differences were all statistically significant(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).(2)The analysis of complexions showed that in comparison with the balanced group,lusterless complexion(79.08％)and pale lip(42.15％)were frequently seen in the yang deficiency group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.01).(3)The yang deficiency group had higher L value of tongue color,L value of tongue coating color,L value of complexions,and L and b values of lip color than the balanced group,and the differences were all statistically significant(P＜0.05),indicating that the tongue color,complexions,and lip color of the yang deficiency group were all pale.Conclusion The objective data and image analysis of tongue manifestations and complexions can accurately identify the population of yang deficiency constitution from college students,and the results will provide approaches and references for the identification of other TCM constitutions from the population.

Objective To explore the mechanisms of"treating different diseases with the same method"for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)and diabetes mellitus(DM)with Shen-ling Baizhu San based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.Methods Comprehensive databases were searched to collect the active ingredients and targets of Shenling Baizhu San,which were then performed standardized process.Relevant targets for COPD and DM were collected from data platforms such as GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM).The intersection tar-gets of the drug and diseases were identified using Venn software,imported into the STRING database to construct a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,and performed visualized analysis using Cyto-scape software.Gene Ontology(GO)functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis were performed using R software.Molecular doc-king and visualization analysis were conducted using the CB-Dock2 platform.Results After screening,215 potential targets of Shenling Baizhu San were obtained.Venn diagram analysis showed that there were 70 potential intersection targets for the treatment of COPD and DM with Shenling Baizhu San.Key active ingredients included quercetin,stigmasterol,kaempferol,sitosterol,and luteolin,while core targets included tumor necrosis factor(TNF),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-β(IL-1 β),prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2),and tumor protein p53(TP53).GO functional en-richment analysis yielded 2,599 biological process terms,49 cellular component terms,and 230 molecular function terms.The main pathways obtained from KEGG pathway enrichment analysis in-cluded lipid and atherosclerosis,interleukin-17(IL-17)signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway,and human cytomegalovirus infection.Molecular docking results showed that stigmasterol had the best docking activity with PTGS2.Conclusion Shenling Baizhu San may achieve the"treatment of different diseases with the same method"for COPD and DM through multiple components,multiple targets,and multiple pathways,and there is a certain correlation in the treatment mechanisms of two diseases,providing a theoretical basis and direction for subsequent research.

Post-cardiac arrest brain injury (PCABI) remains the main cause of death and poor prognosis in patients after resuscitation. In June 2024, the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) released a scientific statement on improving the prognosis of PCABI based on relevant research progress. The statement proposed the pathological mechanism of PCABI, explored the reasons why previous preclinical data could not be translated into clinical practice, and outlined possible future directions for advancement. This article interprets the key content of the 2024 ILCOR scientific statement on improving the prognosis of PCABI, hoping to provide reference and assistance for domestic medical staff to understand and apply this scientific statement.
Humans ; Heart Arrest/therapy* ; Brain Injuries/therapy* ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Prognosis ; Resuscitation

OBJECTIVE: To develop a method for identifying high-risk patients among septic populations requiring mechanical ventilation, and to conduct phenotypic analysis based on this method. METHODS: Data from four sources were utilized: the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV 2.0, MIMIC-III 1.4), the Philips eICU-Collaborative Research Database 2.0 (eICU-CRD 2.0), and the Anhui Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital dataset. The adult patients in intensive care unit (ICU) who met Sepsis-3 and received invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) on the first day of first admission were enrolled. The MIMIC-IV dataset with the highest data integrity was divided into a training set and a test set at a 6:1 ratio, while the remaining datasets were served as validation sets. The demographic information, comorbidities, laboratory indicators, commonly used ICU scores, and treatment measures of patients were extracted. Clinical data collected within first day of ICU admission were used to calculate the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score. K-means clustering was applied to cluster SOFA score components, and the sum of squared errors (SSE) and Davies-Bouldin index (DBI) were used to determine the optimal number of disease subtypes. For clustering results, normalized methods were employed to compare baseline characteristics by visualization, and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to analyze clinical outcomes across phenotypes. RESULTS: This study enrolled patients from MIMIC-IV dataset (n = 11 166), MIMIC-III dataset (n = 4 821), eICU-CRD dataset (n = 6 624), and a local dataset (n = 110), with the four datasets showing similar median ages and male proportions exceeding 50%; using 85% of the MIMIC-IV dataset as the training set, 15% as the test set, and the rest dataset as the validation set. K-means clustering based on the six-item SOFA score was performed to determine the optimal number of clusters as 3, and patients were finally classified into three phenotypes. In the training set, compared with the patients with phenotype II and phenotype III, those with phenotype I had the more severe circulatory and respiratory dysfunction, a higher proportion of vasoactive drug usage, more obvious metabolic acidosis and hypoxia, and a higher incidence of congestive heart failure. The patients with phenotype II was dominated by respiratory dysfunction with higher visceral injury. The patients with phenotype III had relatively stable organ function. The above characteristics were consistent in both the test and validation sets. Analysis of infection-related indicators showed that the patients with phenotype I had the highest SOFA score within 7 days after ICU admission, initial decreases and later increases in platelet count (PLT), and higher counts of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes as compared with those with phenotype II and phenotype III, their blood cultures had a higher positivity rates for Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi as compared with those with phenotype II and phenotype III. The Kaplan-Meier curve indicated that in the training, test, and validation sets, the 28-day cumulative mortality of patients with phenotype I was significantly higher than that of patients with phenotypes II and phenotype III. CONCLUSIONS Three distinct phenotypes in septic patients receiving IMV based on unsupervised machine learning is derived, among which phenotype I, characterized by cardiorespiratory failure, can be used for the early identification of high-risk patients in this population. Moreover, this population is more prone to bloodstream infections, posing a high risk and having a poor prognosis.
Humans ; Machine Learning ; Sepsis/therapy* ; Respiration, Artificial ; Intensive Care Units ; Organ Dysfunction Scores ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult

Objective:To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of testicular relapse in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).Methods:Clinical data including the age, time from initial diagnosis to recurrence, relapse site, and therapeutic effect of 37 pediatric ALL with testicular relapse and treated in Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between November 2011 and December 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were grouped according to different clinical data. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate the overall survival (OS) rate and event free survival (EFS) rate for univariate analysis, and Cox proportional-hazards regression model was used to evaluate the influencing factors of OS rate and EFS rate for multivariate analysis.Results:The age at initial diagnosis of 37 pediatric testicular relapse patients was (5±3) years and the time from initial diagnosis to testicular recurrence was (37±15) months. The follow-up time was 43 (22, 56) months. Twenty-three patients (62%) were isolated testis relapse. The 5-year OS rate and EFS rate of the 37 relapsed children were (60±9) % and (50±9) % respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the 2-year EFS rate in the group of patients with time from initial diagnosis to testicular recurrence >28 months was significantly higher than those ≤28 months ((69±10)% vs. (11±11)%, P<0.05), 2-year EFS rate of the isolated testicular relapse group was significantly higher than combined relapse group ((66±11)% vs. (20±13) %, P<0.05), 2-year EFS rate of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell treatment after relapse group was significantly higher than without CAR-T cell treatment after relapse group ((78±10)% vs. (15±10)%, P<0.05). ETV6-RUNX1 was the most common genetic aberration in testicular relapsed ALL (38%, 14/37). The 4-year OS and EFS rate of patients with ETV6-RUNX1 positive were (80±13) % and (64±15) %, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified relapse occurred≤28 months after first diagnosis ( HR=3.09, 95% CI 1.10-8.72), combined relapse ( HR=4.26, 95% CI 1.34-13.52) and CAR-T cell therapy after relapse ( HR=0.15,95% CI 0.05-0.51) were independent prognostic factors for 2-year EFS rate (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The outcome of testicular relapse in pediatric ALL was poor. They mainly occurred 3 years after initial diagnosis. ETV6-RUNX1 is the most common abnormal gene.Patients with ETV6-RUNX1 positive often have a favorable outcome. Early relapse and combined relapse indicate unfavorable prognosis, while CAR-T cell therapy could significantly improve the survival rate of children with testicular recurrence.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and long-term prognostic factors of relapsed pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).Methods:Clinical data including the age, time from initial diagnosis to relapse, relapse site, and molecular biological features of 217 relapsed ALL children primarily treated by the Chinese Children's Leukemia Group (CCLG)-ALL 2008 protocol in Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between April 2008 and April 2015 were collected and analyzed in this retrospective cohort study. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate the overall survival (OS) rate and event free survival (EFS) rate for univariate analysis, and Cox proportional-hazards regression model was used to evaluate the influencing factors of OS rate and EFS rate for multivariate analysis.Results:The age at initial diagnosis of 217 relapsed patients was 5 (3, 7) years. There were 135 males and 82 females. The time from initial diagnosis to relapse of 217 children was 22 (10, 39) months. After relapse, 136 out of 217 children (62.7%) received treatment and the follow-up time was 65 (47, 90) months. The 5-year OS rate and EFS rate of the 136 relapsed children were (37±4) % and (26±4) %, respectively. The predicted 10-year OS rate and EFS rate were (35±5) % and (20±4) %, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the 5-year OS rate in the group of patients with late relapse (43 cases) was significantly higher than those with very early (54 cases) and early relapse (39 cases) ((72±7)% vs. (16±5)%, (28±8)%, χ2=35.91, P<0.05), 5-year OS rate of the isolated extramedullary relapse group (20 cases) was significantly higher than isolated bone marrow relapse group (102 cases) and combined relapse group (14 cases) ((69±11)% vs. (31±5)%, (29±12)%, χ2=9.14, P<0.05), 5-year OS rate of high-risk group (80 cases) was significantly lower than standard-risk group (10 cases) and intermediate-risk group (46 cases) ((20±5)% vs. (90±10)%, (54±8)%, χ2=32.88, P<0.05). ETV6::RUNX1 was the most common fusion gene (13.2%, 18/136). The predicted 10-year OS rate of relapsed children with positive ETV6::RUNX1 was significantly higher than those without ETV6::RUNX1 (118 cases) ((83±9)% vs. (26±5)%, χ2=14.04, P<0.05). The 5-year OS for those accepted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) after relapse (42 cases) was higher than those without HSCT (94 cases) ((56±8)% vs. (27±5)%, χ2=15.18, P<0.05). Multivariate analysis identified very early/early relapse ( HR=3.91, 95% CI 1.96-7.79; HR=4.15, 95% CI 1.99-8.67), bone marrow relapse including isolated bone marrow relapse and combined relapse ( HR=6.50, 95% CI 2.58-16.34; HR=5.19, 95% CI 1.78-15.16), with ETV6::RUNX1 ( HR=0.23, 95% CI 0.07-0.74) and HSCT after relapse ( HR=0.24, 95% CI 0.14-0.43) as independent prognostic factors for OS (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Relapsed pediatric ALL mainly occurs very early and often affects bone marrow, which confer poor outcome. ETV6::RUNX1 is the most common genetic aberration with a favorable outcome. HSCT could rescue the outcome of relapsed children, though the survival rate is still poor.

In the neonatal intensive care unit（NICU），maternal separation（MS）and pain are identified as two of the most prevalent early stressors experienced by infants.These stressors have been demonstrated to result in a range of adverse effects on the developing infant，including but not limited to increased pain sensitivity，alterations in neuroplasticity，dysregulation of the endocrine system，immune response imbalance，as well as the emergence of anxiety and depression.To further elucidate their potential mechanisms，this paper presents a summary of recent animal models investigating neonatal MS and pain，while also reviews advancements in understanding how these early stressors impact organisms and their underlying mechanisms.The objective is to provide novel insights and scientific evidence with a view to prevent potential adverse outcomes for infants in the context of hospitalisation in the NICU.