Objective: To investigate the associations of sleep quality and weight stigma with depressive mood among college students, so as to provide evidence for mental health promotion in higher education institutions. Methods: From September to November 2024, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to survey 4 524 undergraduate students from the first to third year in comprehensive universities across various cities in Inner Mongolia. The χ 2 test was used to compare the detection rates of poor sleep quality, experiences of weight stigma, and depressive mood among students with different characteristics, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the independent and combined associations between sleep quality, the number of types of weight stigma experienced, and depressive mood. Results: Among students, the detection rate of poor sleep quality was 21.60%; those with experiences of weight stigma had a detection rate of 11.52%; those with depressive mood had a detection rate of 9.46%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with those who had good sleep quality, individuals with poor sleep quality were more likely to experience depressive mood [ OR (95% CI )=2.99(2.41- 3.71 )]; compared with those who had no experience of weight stigma, individuals who experienced ≥2 types of weight stigma were more likely to experience depressive mood [ OR (95% CI )=4.51(2.82-7.22)] (both P <0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis, with "good sleep quality and no weight stigma experience" as the reference group, showed that all other joint groups had a higher likelihood of developing depressive mood, with the highest likelihood observed among students who had poor sleep quality and had experienced ≥2 types of weight stigma [ OR (95% CI )=14.21(6.95-29.06), P <0.01]. Conclusions Poor sleep quality and a greater number of weight stigma types are both associated with depressive mood among college students. Mental health programs in higher education institutions should simultaneously address students sleep problems and weight related adverse experiences, and implement comprehensive interventions.