Objective To explore the advantage of advanced diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)over single index DWI in distin-guishing low-grade transitional zone prostate cancer(TZ-PCa)from benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)with inflammation.Methods Thirty-two patients with low-grade TZ-PCa(low-grade TZ-PCa group)and 38 patients with BPH with inflammation(BPH with inflammation group)confirmed by pathology were selected.All patients underwent routine MR sequence,single index DWI,and advanced DWI[including introvoxel incoherent motion diffusion weighted imaging(IVIM-DWI),stretched-exponential model(SEM),diffu-sion kurtosis imaging(DKI)]sequences scans.The related parameters of the lesion area[including apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC),diffusion coefficient(D),distributed diffusion coefficient(DDC),and mean kurtosis(MK)values]were measured.Independ-ent sample t-tests were used to compare differences in parameters values between the two groups.The receiver operating characteris-tic(ROC)curve was used to calculate the area under the curve(AUC)of varous parameters values in the differential diagnosis of low-grade TZ-PCa and BPH with inflammation.The difference in AUC between advanced DWI and single index DWI was compared using Z-test.Results The ADC,D,and DDC values of the low-grade TZ-PCa group were lower than those of the BPH with inflammation group(P<0.05).The MK value of the low-grade TZ-PCa group was higher than that of the BPH with inflammation group(P<0.05).The D,DDC,and MK values,and a combination of these parameters(D+DDC+MK)exhibited high diagnostic effi-cacy(all AUC>0.9).The diagnostic efficacy of these parameters was significantly higher than that of the ADC value(AUC 0.902,0.904,0.966,0.994 vs 0.725,all P<0.05).The combined param-eter demonstrated the highest AUC.Although the diagnostic efficacy of the combined parameter was not statistically different from the individual D,DDC,and MK values(P>0.05),the diagnostic specificity was significantly improved compared to the individual parame-ters.Conclusion Advanced DWI(IVIM-DWI,SEM,DKI)has a higher diagnostic efficacy in distinguishing low-grade TZ-PCa from BPH with inflammation than single index DWI.Combining the parameters(D+DDC+MK)further improves diagnostic specificity.

Objective To explore the advantage of advanced diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)over single index DWI in distin-guishing low-grade transitional zone prostate cancer(TZ-PCa)from benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)with inflammation.Methods Thirty-two patients with low-grade TZ-PCa(low-grade TZ-PCa group)and 38 patients with BPH with inflammation(BPH with inflammation group)confirmed by pathology were selected.All patients underwent routine MR sequence,single index DWI,and advanced DWI[including introvoxel incoherent motion diffusion weighted imaging(IVIM-DWI),stretched-exponential model(SEM),diffu-sion kurtosis imaging(DKI)]sequences scans.The related parameters of the lesion area[including apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC),diffusion coefficient(D),distributed diffusion coefficient(DDC),and mean kurtosis(MK)values]were measured.Independ-ent sample t-tests were used to compare differences in parameters values between the two groups.The receiver operating characteris-tic(ROC)curve was used to calculate the area under the curve(AUC)of varous parameters values in the differential diagnosis of low-grade TZ-PCa and BPH with inflammation.The difference in AUC between advanced DWI and single index DWI was compared using Z-test.Results The ADC,D,and DDC values of the low-grade TZ-PCa group were lower than those of the BPH with inflammation group(P<0.05).The MK value of the low-grade TZ-PCa group was higher than that of the BPH with inflammation group(P<0.05).The D,DDC,and MK values,and a combination of these parameters(D+DDC+MK)exhibited high diagnostic effi-cacy(all AUC>0.9).The diagnostic efficacy of these parameters was significantly higher than that of the ADC value(AUC 0.902,0.904,0.966,0.994 vs 0.725,all P<0.05).The combined param-eter demonstrated the highest AUC.Although the diagnostic efficacy of the combined parameter was not statistically different from the individual D,DDC,and MK values(P>0.05),the diagnostic specificity was significantly improved compared to the individual parame-ters.Conclusion Advanced DWI(IVIM-DWI,SEM,DKI)has a higher diagnostic efficacy in distinguishing low-grade TZ-PCa from BPH with inflammation than single index DWI.Combining the parameters(D+DDC+MK)further improves diagnostic specificity.

Background:Following the short-term outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in December 2022 in China,clinical data on kidney transplant recipients(KTRs)with COVID-19 are lacking.Methods:We conducted a single-center retrospective study to describe the clinical features,complications,and mortality rates of hospitalized KTRs infected with COVID-19 between Dec.16,2022 and Jan.31,2023.The patients were followed up until Mar.31,2023.Results:A total of 324 KTRs with COVID-19 were included.The median age was 49 years.The median time between the onset of symptoms and admission was 13 d.Molnupiravir,azvudine,and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir were administered to 67(20.7%),11(3.4%),and 148(45.7%)patients,respectively.Twenty-nine(9.0%)patients were treated with more than one antiviral agent.Forty-eight(14.8%)patients were treated with tocilizumab and 53(16.4%)patients received baricitinib therapy.The acute kidney injury(AKI)occurred in 81(25.0%)patients and 39(12.0%)patients were admitted to intensive care units.Fungal infections were observed in 55(17.0%)patients.Fifty(15.4%)patients lost their graft.The 28-d mortality rate of patients was 9.0%and 42(13.0%)patients died by the end of follow-up.Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified that cerebrovascular disease,AKI incidence,interleukin(IL)-6 level of>6.8 pg/mL,daily dose of corticosteroids of>50 mg,and fungal infection were all associated with an increased risk of death for hospitalized patients.Conclusions:Our findings demonstrate that hospitalized KTRs with COVID-19 are at high risk of mortality.The administration of immunomodulators or the late application of antiviral drugs does not improve patient survival,while higher doses of corticosteroids may increase the death risk.

Objective:To conduct a Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of laparoscopy-assisted pylorus-preserving gastrectomy(LPPG) and laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy(LDG) in early gastric cancer(EGC).Methods:Searched Web of Science, Cochrane library, Embase, Chinese Biomedical Medical Database, CNKI, Wanfang Database to identify all qualified studies comparing LPPG and LDG in EGC. The retrieval time was from the database establishment to October 2020. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as ( Mean± SD). Comparing two groups by mean difference(MD) with 95% confidence interval(CI) for contious outcomes and odds ratio(OR) with 95% CI for dichotomous data.The RevMan software was used to analyze the perioperative outcome. Results:A total of 10 studies were included, with a total of 1613 patients, 624 in the LPPG group and 989 in the LDG group. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative anal exhaust time, hospital stay, and overall complication rate of LPPG were similar to LDG.Compared with the LDG group, the LPPG group had fewer lymph node dissections ( MD=-2.51, 95% CI: -4.31~-0.71, P=0.006), longer postoperative gastric tube indwelling time ( MD=1.05, 95% CI: 0.31~1.80, P=0.006), and a higher incidence of delayed gastric emptying ( P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of other perioperative complications. Conclusion:LPPG is a safe and feasible surgical method for the treatment of EGC, and can be used as an alternative to LDG.

Objective To establish a method of quick three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of pubic symphysis based on magnetic resonance imaging. Methods The pelvis images of adult male were generated on a 3.0 T scanner using a T1 Gradient Echo FLASH-3D (T1- FL3D) sequence and imported the images into medical image control system. Segmentation of binaryzation threshold was conducted and pelvic soft tissue image was extracted by regional growth, 3D structure model of pubic symphysis was obtained by Boolean operation. The 3D structure model of pubic symphysis was established by the noise reduction of reverse engineering software. And compared with the 3D reconstruction model pubic bone CT scan. Results The morphological characters of the MRI pubic symphysis 3D model, such as the ridges and furrows on the symphysial surface, lower extremity, dorsal margin (beveling), margin (beveling) and pubic tubercle, were highly consistent with the morphological characters of the 3D model established by CT scan. Conclusion MRI scan can be used to reconstruct the 3D structure of pubic symphysis quickly and effectively, and it can provide a safe radiation-free 3D visualization imaging technique for forensic age estimation for the living.

Objective There are different degrees of angiogenesis in the tissues and organs of the patient with diabetic chron -ic vascular disease , and it is somehow difficult to observe angiogenesis .This study was to construct an experimental model of angiogen-esis in the diabetic rat in vivo. Methods Twelve SD rats were equally randomized into a normal control and a diabetes mellitus ( DM) group, the DM model constructed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin .At 8 weeks after modeling , matrigel was planted under the abdominal skin of the control and model rats and removed 2 weeks later .Then the structure of the new vessels was observed by HE staining and the expressions of aminopeptidase P (JG12) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) detected by immunohisto-chemistry and immunofluorescence . Results Compared with the control rats , the DM models showed significant increases in the blood glucose level ([6.15 ±3.02] vs [35.08 ±6.92] mmol/L), 24-hour urine volume ([5.33 ±1.53] vs [105.00 ±20.82] mL), and 24-hour urinary protein level ([7.78 ±2.12] vs [47.70 ±9.63] mg/24 h) (P<0.01).The matrigel plug was white and transparent in the controls but red with a visible tiny vessel-like structures in the model rats .The vessel-like structures were found oc-casionally in the matrigel plug of the control animals but in large numbers with many erythrocytes in that of the DM models .In compari-son with the normal controls , the model rats exhibited significantly upregulated expressions of JG12 (7.76 ±1.85 vs 27.36 ±3.75, P<0.01) and α-SMA (10.22 ±2.64 vs 36.85 ±4.28, P<0.01) in the matrigel plug , and a vessel-like reticular distribution was ob-served. Conclusion Hyperglycemia may induce angiogenesis in the matrigel plug .The DM rat model of subcutaneous matrigel angio-genesis may contribute to the study of angiogenesis in diabetes .

Objective To investigate the effects of propofol injected into rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) on nociceptive responses and examine whether GABA_A resceptor is involved in the mechanism. Methods Sixty-four pathogen free SD rats of both sexes aged 2-3 months weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 16 each): group I control (group C) ; group Ⅱ propofol (group P) ; group Ⅲ bicuculline (group B) and group Ⅳ B + P (group BP) . The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 1% pentobarbital 50 mg/kg. Their heads were fixed with stereotactic apparatus. An tracar was inserted into RVM for microinjection of propofol and/or bicuculline. The noxious responses were evaluated by hot plate test (response latency was measured) and formalin test (intraplantar injection of 2.0% formalin 100 μl) . Pain was scored (0 = no pain, 3 = severe pain) . Results Both hot plate test and formalin test showed that hyperalgesia was induced by microinjection of propofol into RVM. In hot plate test hyperalgesia induced by injection of propofol (4μg/0.4μl) into RVM was antagonized at 20 min after microinjection of bicuculline (10 ng/0.4μl) into RVM. In formalin test pain scores were significantly lower at 1, 5,10,20,30,40,50 and 60 min after intraplantar formalin injection in group BP than in group P.Conclusion GABA_A receptor in RVM partially mediates propofol-induced hyperalgesia.

Aim To observe the effects of propofol at spinal level on nociceptive response in rats and the possible role of GABA_A receptor.Methods In the praxiology test,Sprague-Dawley(SD) female rats were randomized into groups.Bicuculline and propofol were microinjected into intrathecally(ith).The noxious response was evaluated with hot plate and formalin test.In immunohistochemistry test,Fos-like immunoreactivity(FLI) neurons expressed in spinal dorsal horn(DH) induced by formalin intraplantar injection(sc) of one hindpaw were used as a neuroactive marker to observe the effects of propofol on the noxious transmission in DH.Results In hot-plate test,significant analgesia produced by propofol(10 g?L~(-1)) was antagonized about 81%,55%,81% and 97% at 10,20,30 and 40 min by ith bicuculline(0.01 g?L~(-1),P

OBJECTIVE： To compare the quality of ceftazidime for injection among the domestic and imported products METHODS： The ceftazidime was observed and determined with respect to the property， color and clarity of the solution， insoluble particle， content of pyridine， polymer of ceftazidime and marked content of ceftazidime RESULTS： There were some differences in above－ mentioned parameters among products of different factories， however， the parameters were within the range of standard CONCLUSION： The quality of domestic products is reliable and comparable to that of imported ones

By morpometric and immunohistochemical methods, it is observed that the volume density, the numerical density on area and the numerical density of specific granules in the perinuclear region of the atrial myocytes in the aging rats ars significantly less than that in the young groups (p