Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Premature Birth ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Cerclage, Cervical ; Cervix Uteri

Methamphetamine (Meth) abuse can cause serious mental disorders, including anxiety and depression. The gut microbiota is a crucial contributor to maintaining host mental health. Here, we aim to investigate if microbiota participate in Meth-induced mental disorders, and the potential mechanisms involved. Here, 15 mg/kg Meth resulted in anxiety- and depression-like behaviors of mice successfully and suppressed the Sigma-1 receptor (SIGMAR1)/BDNF/TRKB pathway in the hippocampus. Meanwhile, Meth impaired gut homeostasis by arousing the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-related colonic inflammation, disturbing the gut microbiome and reducing the microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Moreover, fecal microbiota from Meth-administrated mice mediated the colonic inflammation and reproduced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in recipients. Further, SCFAs supplementation optimized Meth-induced microbial dysbiosis, ameliorated colonic inflammation, and repressed anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Finally, Sigmar1 knockout (Sigmar1^-/-) repressed the BDNF/TRKB pathway and produced similar behavioral phenotypes with Meth exposure, and eliminated the anti-anxiety and -depression effects of SCFAs. The activation of SIGMAR1 with fluvoxamine attenuated Meth-induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Our findings indicated that gut microbiota-derived SCFAs could optimize gut homeostasis, and ameliorate Meth-induced mental disorders in a SIGMAR1-dependent manner. This study confirms the crucial role of microbiota in Meth-related mental disorders and provides a potential preemptive therapy.

Objective:To develop an ex vivo normothermic mechanical perfusion(NMP)and compare the effect of air-oxygenated NMP versus oxygen-oxygenated NMP on reducing renal injury from donor after cardiac death(DCD).Methods:All kidneys from DCD rats were subjected to 30 min in situ warm ischemia after cardiac attest.And harvested kidneys were stored for 8h under static cold preservation after NMP for 2h.In experimental groups, kidneys were subjected to either air-oxygenated NMP(group A, n=6)or oxygen-oxygenated NMP(group O, n=6). Sham operation(group C, n=6)and DCD kidneys under static cold preservation without NMP(group SCS, n=6)were employed as controls.The evaluation parameters included creatinine(Cr), aspartate amino transferase(AST)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)in perfusate, pathological changes by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining, histological criteria, expressions of myeloperoxidase and intercellular adhesion molecular-1(ICAM-1)by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay and level of malondialdehyde(MDA)by thiobarbital method and activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)by WST-8 in renal tissues.Differences between two groups were analyzed by two-tailed unpaired Student's test and differences among more than two groups by one-way ANOVA.Results:Renal arterial oxygen tensions in NMP perfusate were(576.3±68.2)mmHg with oxygen-oxygenation and(137.0±39.1)mmHg with air-oxygenation.There was significant difference( P<0.05). The pathological injury scores in groups SCS, O and A by HE staining were(7.0±0.1), (5.0±0.9)and(2.5±0.5); injury scores and the expressions of renal proximal tubular epithelial cell vacuolar degeneration in groups O and A were lower than those in group SCS( P<0.05)and injury score in group A was lower than group O( P<0.05). In perfusate, the levels of △Cr, △AST and △LDH in groups O and A were(43.9±52.8)μmol/L and(12.6±3.5)μmol/L, (532.3±52.8)U/L and(49.1±50.4)U/L and(9998.0±2014.4)U/L and(1477.0±810.4)U/L.There were significant differences( P<0.05). In perfused kidneys, the MDA level and SOD activity in groups O and A were(0.192±0.018)mmol/g, (0.162±0.023)mmol/g, (0.6±0.3)×10 3 U/g, (1.7±0.4)×10 3 U/g; TNF-α and IL-6 levels in groups O and A were(124.376±19.635)and(89.331±13.123)ng/g, and(4.038±1.026)×10 3 and(1.774±0.518)×10 3 ng/g.After air-oxygenated NMP, lower renal damage indices were characterized by a lower MDA level and a higher SOD activity, the lower levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and the lower expressions of MPO and ICAM-1 than those in oxygen-oxygenated NMP( P<0.05). Conclusions:NMP with air-oxygenation mimics renal perfusion under physiological conditions and decreases oxidative stress and inflammation injury.It may confer a better retrieval in DCD kidney against warm ischemia injury.

Cyclodextrin metal-organic framework (CD-MOF) as a highly porous supramolecular carrier could be one of the solutions to the insolubility of isosteviol (STV). The solubility of STV was lower than 20.00 ng/mL at pH 1.0 and pH 4.5, whilst its solubility increased to 20,074.30 ng/mL at pH 6.8 and 129.58 ng/mL in water with a significant pH-dependence. The

Objective:To investigate the relationship between different obesity phenotypes and abnormal blood pressure in children and adolescents in Yinchuan city, and to provide appropriate treatment and intervention measures for obese children and adolescents.Methods:The current research design was adopted to facilitate the cluster sampling.A total of 1 047 children and adolescents aged 12 to 18 in Yinchuan were enrolled in this study from September 2017 to September 2018.There were 530 males and 517 females, with an average age of (13.93±1.24) years old.The questionnaire survey, physical examination and laboratory testing were carried out.Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 19.0 software.Results:Among the children and adolescents with normal weight, the composition ratio of the metabolically unhealthy normal-weight (MUNW) phenotype was 7.6%.In the obese cases, the composition ratio of the metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) phenotype was 20.2%.The blood pressure of MUNW [systolic pressure SBP: (119±13) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa); diastolic pressure(DBP)(74±10) mmHg] and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) [SBP (127±10) mmHg; DBP(74±7) mmHg] phenotypes were significantly higher than those of the metabolically healthy normal-weight (MHNW) phenotype (all P<0.05). The blood pressure of the MUO [SBP(127±10) mmHg; DBP(74±7) mmHg] phenotype was significantly higher than that of the MHO phenotype ( P<0.05). After adjusting for age, gender, and family history of hypertension, MUNW and MUO phenotypes were 5.93 (95% CI: 3.10-11.36) and 11.63 (95% CI: 6.37-21.24) times more likely to develop blood pressure abnormalities than MHNW phenotypes, respectively ( P<0.001). The MHO phenotype was 0.63 (95% CI: 0.08-4.93) times more likely to develop blood pressure abnormalities than the MHNW phenotype ( P=0.66). Conclusions:The MHO phenotype does not increase the risk of abnormal blood pressure, while the MUNW phenotype does.Therefore, it is recommended to identify the MHO phenotype and MUNW phenotype in order to provide appropriate obesity treatment and interventions for children and adolescents.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of "standardized 4 steps" in rheumatic mitral valve repair.Methods:We retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 136 rheumatic mitral valve disease patients undergoing mitral valve repair with "standardized 4 steps" from June 2016 to July 2019 and investigate its clinical outcome. The clinical outcome was compared with those of patients undergoing rheumatic mitral valve replacement.Results:The perioperative mortality was 2.94% in patients with mitral valve repair. Compared with preoperative period, left atrial diameter was significantly reduced and the early diastolic blood flow velocity across mitral valve(E peak) was significantly decreased at 1-week postoperative and follow-up period. The elimination rate of atrial fibrillation was 80.7% during follow-up period. The early clinical outcome and related complications had no difference between mitral repair group and mitral valve replacement group. The main echocardiographic indexes in two groups also had no statistical significance.Conclusion:The early clinical outcome of rheumatic mitral valve repair with "standardized 4 steps" is satisfactory. Rheumatic mitral valve repair with "standardized 4 steps" is feasible, safe and effective.

Objective: To analyze the association between fat mass percentage (FMP) and waist circumference (WC) with cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents in Yinchuan City, and to provide a reference for preventing and contyolling the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among children and adolescents. Methods: A questionnaire survey, physical examination, body composition determination and biochemical tests were conducted among 1 043 children aged 12-18 years in Yinchuan selected through a convenient cluster sampling method. Results: Among boys and girls, both FMP and WC were associated with high rate of high blood pressure and high TG in children and adolescents(P<0.01). The increased risk of metabolic abnormalities by FMP and WC were 1.14-2.36 times and 1.32-2.09 times, respectively. About 4.9%-22.1% of cardiovascular disease risk was explained by the combination of FMP and WC, which was significantly higher than separate interpretation of FMP or WC (3.5%-22.0%). Standardized regression coefficient for TC and LDL-C (0.25 and 0.22) was greater than WC (0.17 and 0.14) by FMP, and the absolute value of the standardized regression coefficient for SBP, DBP, TG, HDL-C was less than WC by FMP. The predictive risk for high blood pressure, high TG, high TC, low HDL-C and high LDL-C by combination of FMP and WC was 3.67(95%CI=2.42-556), 3.09(95%CI=2.04-4.69), 3.37(95%CI=1.38-8.28), 2.00(95%CI=1.35-2.98) and 4.73(95%CI=2.15-10.44) times higher than different combinations risk groups(P<0.01). Conclusion The ability of fat mass percentage and waist circumference to predict the risk of cardiovascular risk factors is similar. It might be used as a predictor of cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents. It is recommended to combine FMP with WC to predict the risk of cardiovascular disease among children and adolescents.

Objective: To analyze the differences of cardiovascular(CV) risk factors between middle school students with normal weight but high body fat and students with normal weight and normal body fat in urban area of Yinchuan,to provide a theoretical basis for early detection of their invisible obesity and controlling CV metabolism disease. Methods: During 2017 to 2018, a total of 1 043 secondary school students in urban area of Yinchuan were selected through cluster sampling. Questionnaire survey, physical examination, body composition and blood lipid test were conducted among all the participants.745 middle school students with normal body mass index (BMI) were included in the analysis. Results: Nearly 31.1% students with normal BMI had high body fat, with girls significantly higher than that in boys across different age groups(χ2=10.37，106.49，P<0.01). Total cholesterol (TC) in boys with normal-weight obesity was higher than that in the normal group, while diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglyceride (TG), TC and lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in girls with normal-weight obesity were significantly higher than that in the normal group, with statistically significant differences (t=-2.37，-3.82，-3.48，-4.46，-4.68，P<0.01). The detection rates of high blood pressure, high TC level and high LDL-C level in normalweight obese girls were all higher than those in normal group (χ2=4.17，8.77，5.91，P<0.05). The detection rate of CV risk factors ≥2 in normal-weight obesity group was higher than that in the normal group, and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=7.05，P<0.01). Conclusion Normal-weight obesity among middle school students in urban area of Yinchuan is prevalent, which is mainly concentrated in female students. Moreover, cardiovascular risk factors are more common among those normal-weight obese students compared with normal students. Interventions for preventing and controlling normal-weight obesity should be developed and implemented as early as possible.

Objective To investigate the induction of B-cell specific phenotype in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL)upon all-trans retinoic acid(ATRA)incubation. Methods To construct B-cell specific promoter(CD19, CD79a,CD79b)driven reporter plasmid with NEO cassette to realize stable transfection and selection of cHL reporter cells. To verify the intact integration by amplification of the promoter and luciferase sequences,and to functionally validate the B-cell specific promoter by ABF1 interference and luciferase assay. Repoter cells were incubated with various doses of ATRA and luciferase activity was detected at 24,48 and 72 hours. Reporter cells were treated alone or in combination with 5-Aza and ATRA followed by luciferase assay. Endogenous B-cell specific genes(CD19, CD20, CD79a and CD79b) transcription and expression levels were detected by real-time PCR and immunoblot, respectively. The expression level of CD30 antigen on Hodgkin lymphoma cell membrane upon ATRA was assessed by flow cytometry. Results ATRA treatment stimulated B-cell specific signature in cHL cells including CD19,CD79a and CD79b while down-regulated their CD30 expression. Conclusions ATRA induces B-cell phenotype deficient cHL cells to regain their B-cell transcriptional program while abolishes their Hodgkin-specific machinery.

Objective To investigate the effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine pretreatment on my-ocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I∕R) injury in rats. Methods Forty-five adult Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes, weighing 200-250 g, in which intrathecal catheters were successfully placed without complications, were divided into 3 groups (n= 15 each) using a random number table: sham operation group (group S), group I∕R and intrathecal dexmedetomidine pretreatment group ( group DEX). Myocardial I∕R injury was produced by occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion. Dexmedetomidine 1 μg∕kg (diluted to 10 μl in normal saline) was intrathecally injec-ted at 30 min before ischemia in group DEX. The equal volume of normal saline was given in group I∕R. Blood samples were collected from the cardiac apex at the end of reperfusion for measurement of plasma nor-epinephrine (NE) and cardiac troponin I ( cTnI) concentrations. Then all the rats were sacrificed, and myocardial tissues were obtained for determination of myocardical infarct size, and the spinal cord was isola-ted to detect the expression of c-fos in the spinal dorsal horn by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, the myocardical infarct size, plasma NE and cTnI concentrations were significnatly increased, and the expression of c-fos in the spinal dorsal horn was up-regulated in I∕R and DEX groups (P<0. 05). Compared with group I∕R, the myocardical infarct size, plasma NE and cTnI concentrations were signific-natly decreased, and the expression of c-fos in the spinal dorsal horn was down-regulated in group DEX (P<0. 05). Conclusion Intrathecal dexmedetomidine pretreatment can reduce myocardial I∕R injury in rats, and the mechanims may be related to decreasing plasma NE levels and inhibiting c-fos expression in the spinal dorsal horn.