Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology* ; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell/pathology* ; Adenocarcinoma/pathology*

OBJECTIVE: To establish a snail control approach for spraying chemicals with drones against Oncomelania hupensis in complex snail habitats in hilly regions, and to evaluate its molluscicidal effect. METHODS: The protocol for evaluating the activity of spraying chemical molluscicides with drones against O. hupensis snails was formulated based on expert consultation and literature review. In August 2022, a pretest was conducted in a hillside field environment (12 000 m²) north of Dafengji Village, Dacang Township, Weishan County, Yunnan Province, which was assigned into four groups, of no less than 3 000 m² in each group. In Group A, environmental cleaning was not conducted and 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules were sprayed with drones at a dose of 40 g/m², and in Group B, environmental cleaning was performed, followed by 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules sprayed with drones at a dose of 40 g/m², while in Group C, environmental cleaning was not conducted and 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules were sprayed with knapsack sprayers at a dose of 40 g/m², and in Group D, environmental cleaning was performed, followed by 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules sprayed with knapsack sprayers at a dose of 40 g/m². Then, each group was equally divided into six sections according to land area, with Section 1 for baseline surveys and sections 2 to 6 for snail surveys after chemical treatment. Snail surveys were conducted prior to chemical treatment and 1, 3, 5, 7 days post-treatment, and the mortality and corrected mortality of snails, density of living snails and costs of molluscicidal treatment were calculated in each group. RESULTS: The mortality and corrected mortality of snails were 69.49%, 69.09%, 53.57% and 83.48%, and 68.58%, 68.17%, 52.19% and 82.99% in groups A, B, C and D 14 days post-treatment, and the density of living snails reduced by 58.40%, 63.94%, 68.91% and 83.25% 14 days post-treatment relative to pre-treatment in four groups, respectively. The median concentrations of chemical molluscicides were 37.08, 35.42, 42.50 g/m² and 56.25 g/m² in groups A, B, C and D, and the gross costs of chemical treatment were 0.93, 1.50, 0.46 Yuan per m² and 1.03 Yuan per m² in groups A, B, C and D, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The molluscicidal effect of spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones against O. hupensis snails is superior to manual chemical treatment without environmental cleaning, and chemical treatment with drones and manual chemical treatment show comparable molluscicidal effects following environmental cleaning in hilly regions. The cost of chemical treatment with drones is slightly higher than manual chemical treatment regardless of environmental cleaning. Spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones is recommended in complex settings with difficulty in environmental cleaning to improve the molluscicidal activity and efficiency against O. hupensis snails.
Niclosamide/pharmacology* ; Ethanolamine/pharmacology* ; Unmanned Aerial Devices ; China ; Molluscacides/pharmacology* ; Ethanolamines

Component malrotation is one of the major causes of failure in total knee arthroplasty.Based on previous researches,Insall line has excessive external rotation tendency.Although Akagi line is the most recognized anatomical axis at present,it still has a certain tendency of internal rotation.The tibial posterior condylar axis is not suitable for symmetrical component and yet the Curve-on-Curve technique is not suitable for anatomic component.In addition,reference to any fixed anatomical markers cannot ensure the rotation consistency of tibiofemoral component in extension position.Although range of motion technique is beneficial to tibiofemoral rotation synchronization,its clinical effect seems to be unstable.Nevertheless,Patients can obtain good postoperative results with all major techniques.Before the recognized "gold standard" is defined,orthopedic surgeons can determine the rotation alignment of tibial component according to their most accustomed surgical method.With a deeper understanding of knee anatomy,biomechanics and kinematics,digital assistive technology may be expected to become a breakthrough in the tibial rotational alignment.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee/methods* ; Femur/surgery* ; Humans ; Knee Joint/surgery* ; Knee Prosthesis ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/surgery* ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Tibia/surgery*

OBJECTIVE：To establish a method for the determination of pyrrotinib concentration in plasma ，and apply it in clinic. METHODS ：After precipitated with methanol ，the plasma sample was determined by LC-MS/MS using imatinib as internal standard. The determination was performed on Ultimate AQ-C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of methanol （containing 0.1％ formic acid ）and water （containing 0.1％ formic acid ）（gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The column temperature was 40 ℃，and the sample size was 5 µL. The ion source was electrospray ionization source ，and the positive ion scanning was carried out in multiple reaction mode. The ion pairs for quantitative analysis were m/z 583.4→138.3（pyrrotinib）and m/z 494.5→ 393.4（internal standard ），respectively. Thirty breast cancer patients taking pyrrotinib were collected from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University during Jun.-Nov. 2020 to determine their steady-state trough concentrations of pyrrotinib after a week of treatment. RESULTS ：The linear range of pyrrotinib were 5-300 ng/mL（r＝0.999 3）. The lower limit of quantification was 5 ng/mL. RSDs of intra-day and inter-day were not higher than 9.30％，and relative errors （REs）ranged －6.70％-5.04％. REs of stability tests were in the range of －1.92％-5.42％. The extraction method ，matrix effect and residual effect did not affect the quantitative analysis of the substance to be tested. The steady-state trough concentrations of pyrrotinib were 32.6-82.8 ng/mL，with an average plasma concentration of 53.8 ng/mL；there was about 2.54 fold individual difference. CONCLUSIONS ：Established LC-MS/MS method is simple ，sensitive and accurate ，and can be used for the plasma concentration monitoring of pyrrotinib in breast cancer patient.

Allyl Compounds ; Animals ; Lung ; Male ; Paraquat/pharmacology* ; Poisons ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats, Wistar ; Sulfides

OBJECTIVE：To systematically evaluate therapeutic efficacy of Gongliuqing capsules combined with mifepristone in the treatment of uterine leiomyoma ，in order to provide evidence-based reference for clinical medication. METHODS ：Retrieved from Cochrane Library ，PubMed，Embase，CJFD，VIP，CBM and Wanfang database ，randomized controlled trials （RCTs）about Gongliuqing capsules combined with mifepristone （trial group ）versus mifepristone alone （control group ）in the treatment of uterine leiomyoma were collected. After literature screening and data extraction ，the quality of included literatures was evaluated with modified Jadad scale. Meta-analysis was conducted by using Stata 14.0 software，and trial sequential analysis （TSA）was performed by using TSA 0.9 software. RESULTS ：A total of 12 RCTs were included ，involving 1 210 patients. The results of Meta- analysis showed that the total response rate of trial group [RR ＝1.12，95％CI（1.00，1.26），P＜0.05] was significantly higher than that of control group ；maximum uterine leiomyoma volume after treatment [SMD ＝－1.08，95％CI（－1.21，－0.95），P＜0.05]，uterine volume after treatment [SMD ＝－0.80，95％CI（－1.14，－0.45）， P＜0.05]，follicle stimulating hormone （FSH）level [SMD ＝ － 0.28，95％ CI（－ 0.45，－ 0.19），P＜0.05]，luteinizing hormone（LH）level [SMD ＝－0.44，95％CI（－0.52，－0.12）， 020-38076311。E-mail：867203217@qq.com P＜0.05]，E2 level [SMD ＝－2.69，95％CI（－3.08，－1.49）， P＜0.05] and progesterone （P）level [SMD ＝－1.27，95％CI（－1.69，－0.71），P＜0.05] of trial group were significantly lower or better than those of control group. Results of subgroup analysis showed that except for the level of FSH in 5 and 10 mg mifepristone groups （P＞0.05），maximum uterine leiomyoma volume after treatment ，uterine volume after treatment ，the levels of FSH，LH，E2 and P in trial group were significantly lower than control group. The results of TSA showed that there were definite evidences for total response rate of Gongliuqing capsules combined with mifepristone being better in the treatment of hysteromyoma. CONCLUSIONS ：Total response rate of Gongliuqing capsules combined with mifepristone in the treatment of hysteromyoma is better than mifepristone alone ，which can effectively decrease the volume of maximum uterine leiomyoma volume and uterine vilume ，and reduce the level of serum hormone.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been widely used as therapeutic drugs for treating diseases such as cancers and auto-immune diseases. When using an IgG4 isotype, one of the challenges is the instability of its hinge which is prone to Fab-arm exchange (FAE). The hinge sequence of a wild type IgG4 is -CPSC-, however, a single point mutation S228P from -CPSC- to -CPPC- can effectively diminish FAE, thereby improving hinge stability of the IgG4 molecule. Sintilimab is the fully human anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody designed and developed for immuno-oncology, in which serine 228 in the hinge was engineered to proline to mitigate FAE. In this study, LC-MS is used to study hinge stability of sintilimab in both in vitro (PBS and human serum) and in vivo (SCID mouse) studies. The studies demonstrate that LC-MS is a fast and simple way to monitor for the occurrence of FAE in vitro and in vivo, and FAE can be eliminated by antibody engineering with a single point mutation.

Objective: To explore the sampling method in China National Human Biomonitoring Program (HBP) and the related errors, so as to calculate and evaluate the study design in sampling. Methods: The sampling method of HBP is of multistage nature. Taking the results of sampling method from Guizhou province as an example, results related to sampling error and variation coefficient were calculated, using the multistage unequal probability sampling error method. Results: The HBP covered 152 monitoring sites in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and with 21 888 residents selected. The replacement rates at various stages were 5.26%, 6.35% and 40.6% respectively. The sampling error in Guizhou province was 3 207 594, and the coefficient of variation was 0.097. Conclusions: According to the multi-stage unequal probability sampling method, the sampling coefficient variability appeared small with high precision, in Guizhou province. However, this method did not consider the weight adjustment of non-sampling errors such as population missing rate and response rate. Methods related to the calculation on multi-stage sampling error among large-scale public health monitoring projects need to be further studied.
China ; Cities ; Environmental Monitoring ; Humans ; Research Design