Schizophrenia is a common, severe, and complex psychiatric disorder worldwide. Genetic factors account for around 80% of the etiology of schizophrenia, yet objective diagnostic biomarkers remain lacking. This article reports two cases of female monozygotic twins diagnosed with schizophrenia, exhibiting a balanced translocation between 22q11.2 and 4p15.3. Reviewing the literature, we analyze and discuss the correlation between chromosomal balanced translocation regions and the pathogenesis of mental disorders. This aims to encourage psychiatrists to consider new perspectives on the diagnosis of schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a common, severe, and complex psychiatric disorder worldwide. Genetic factors account for around 80% of the etiology of schizophrenia, yet objective diagnostic biomarkers remain lacking. This article reports two cases of female monozygotic twins diagnosed with schizophrenia, exhibiting a balanced translocation between 22q11.2 and 4p15.3. Reviewing the literature, we analyze and discuss the correlation between chromosomal balanced translocation regions and the pathogenesis of mental disorders. This aims to encourage psychiatrists to consider new perspectives on the diagnosis of schizophrenia.

Objective:To investigate the level of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its correlation with clinical symptoms in patients with first-episode drug-naive schizophrenia patients of different genders.Methods:From January 2016 to October 2019, a total of 81 first-episode drug-naive schizophrenia patients(patient group, 41 male, 40 female) and 64 healthy controls (control group, 40 male, 24 female) were included in this study.The serum level of VEGF was detected with flow cytometric bear array (CBA). Positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate the relevant clinical symptoms of patients.SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Independent sample t-test and nonparametric test were used for comparison between groups.The relationship between VEGF and clinical variables was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis and Spearman correlation analysis. Results:The level of serum VEGF in the patient group was significantly lower than that in the control group(148.08(75.89, 208.61)pg/mL, 179.94(99.14, 318.41)pg/mL, Z=-2.20, P=0.028). The total PANSS score((82.71±17.30), (73.45±16.36), t=2.473, P=0.016)and cognitive score((7.88±3.36), (6.23±2.81), t=2.402, P=0.019) in male patients were higher than those in female patients.There was a negative correlation between VEGF level and PANSS negative symptom score in the patient group( r=-0.228, P=0.041), as well as significant negtive correlation between VEGF level and cognitive score in male patients( r=-0.425, P=0.007). Conclusion:The level of serum VEGF is reduced in first-episode patients with schizophrenia, which influences their negative symptom. Moreover, the decline in serum VEGF level is implicated in cognitive impairments in male patients with first-episode schizophrenia.

Objective:To explore stereoscopic vision and its correlation with cognitive function in first-episode drug-na?ve patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (FNPS).Methods:A study was conducted from January 2019 to September 2020. A total of 146 FNPS, 124 patients with chronic schizophrenia (PCS) and 101 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Stereoscopic vision was evaluated by Titumus stereotests. Their clinical symptoms were assessed by positive and negative syndrome scale. Cognitive function was assessed by the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS). The differences in stereoscopic vision and cognitive function among the three groups were analyzed by analysis of covariance. The Spearman correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to identify the correlation between stereoscopic vision and clinical symptoms or cognitive function.Results:(1) There were significant differences in stereoscopic vision and cognitive function among the three groups ( P<0.05). After pairwise comparison, it was found that the stereoscopic vision and cognitive functions of FNPS group and PCS group were significantly different from HCs group. However, there were no significant differences in stereoscopic vision and cognitive function between FNPS and PCS groups. (2) Spearman correlation analysis showed that stereoscopic vision was not correlated with the severity of clinical symptoms in FNPS, but it was correlated with visuospatial score ( r=-0.193, P=0.019), language score ( r=-0.261, P=0.001), attention score ( r=-0.168, P=0.042), and RBANS total scores ( r=-0.236, P=0.004). Moreover, there was no correlation of stereoscopic vision with the severity of clinical symptoms or cognitive function in HCs and PCS. Further multiple linear regression showed the significant effect of stereoscopic vision on visuospatial score ( β=-0.213, P=0.011), language score ( β=-0.252, P=0.003), attention score ( β=-0.189, P=0.019), RBANS total score ( β=-0.235, P=0.003) in FNPS. Conclusions:FNPS and PCS show significant impairments in stereoscopic vision and cognitive function. Stereoscopic vision is closely correlated with cognitive function rather than the severity of clinical symptoms in FNPS.

Objective:To explore stereoscopic vision and its correlation with cognitive function in first-episode drug-na?ve patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (FNPS).Methods:A study was conducted from January 2019 to September 2020. A total of 146 FNPS, 124 patients with chronic schizophrenia (PCS) and 101 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Stereoscopic vision was evaluated by Titumus stereotests. Their clinical symptoms were assessed by positive and negative syndrome scale. Cognitive function was assessed by the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS). The differences in stereoscopic vision and cognitive function among the three groups were analyzed by analysis of covariance. The Spearman correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to identify the correlation between stereoscopic vision and clinical symptoms or cognitive function.Results:(1) There were significant differences in stereoscopic vision and cognitive function among the three groups ( P<0.05). After pairwise comparison, it was found that the stereoscopic vision and cognitive functions of FNPS group and PCS group were significantly different from HCs group. However, there were no significant differences in stereoscopic vision and cognitive function between FNPS and PCS groups. (2) Spearman correlation analysis showed that stereoscopic vision was not correlated with the severity of clinical symptoms in FNPS, but it was correlated with visuospatial score ( r=-0.193, P=0.019), language score ( r=-0.261, P=0.001), attention score ( r=-0.168, P=0.042), and RBANS total scores ( r=-0.236, P=0.004). Moreover, there was no correlation of stereoscopic vision with the severity of clinical symptoms or cognitive function in HCs and PCS. Further multiple linear regression showed the significant effect of stereoscopic vision on visuospatial score ( β=-0.213, P=0.011), language score ( β=-0.252, P=0.003), attention score ( β=-0.189, P=0.019), RBANS total score ( β=-0.235, P=0.003) in FNPS. Conclusions:FNPS and PCS show significant impairments in stereoscopic vision and cognitive function. Stereoscopic vision is closely correlated with cognitive function rather than the severity of clinical symptoms in FNPS.

Objective: To explore the correlation between serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and cognitive function in patients with bipolar disorder. Methods: A total of 99 patients with bipolar disorder were enrolled from the inpatient of Suzhou Guangji Hospital.Serum HDL levels were measured by enzymatic colourimetry.Cognitive function was assessed by the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS). The relationship between serum high density lipoprotein and cognitive function was analyzed by correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results: Serum HDL levels ((1.39±0.55)mmol/L)were positively correlated with the RBANS total score (68.92±12.48)(r=0.238, P=0.034) and language score(80.59±15.97) (r=0.239, P=0.033) in patients with bipolar disorder.Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that serum HDL level was the influencing factor of total score of RBANS(β=4.791, t=2.151, P=0.035)and speech function(β=7.363, t=2.247, P=0.027). Conclusion Serum HDL levels can influence cognitive function, especially speech function in patients with bipolar disorder.

Entero virus 71 (EV71) causes hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and occasionally leads to severe neurological complications and even death. Scavenger receptor class B member 2 (SCARB2) is a functional receptor for EV71, that mediates viral attachment, internalization, and uncoating. However, the exact binding site of EV71 on SCARB2 is unknown. In this study, we generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds to human but not mouse SCARB2. It is named JL2, and it can effectively inhibit EV71 infection of target cells. Using a set of chimeras of human and mouse SCARB2, we identified that the region containing residues 77-113 of human SCARB2 contributes significantly to JL2 binding. The structure of the SCARB2-JL2 complex revealed that JL2 binds to the apical region of SCARB2 involving α-helices 2, 5, and 14. Our results provide new insights into the potential binding sites for EV71 on SCARB2 and the molecular mechanism of EV71 entry.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Enterovirus A, Human ; drug effects ; genetics ; growth & development ; immunology ; Fibroblasts ; drug effects ; virology ; Gene Expression ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Lysosome-Associated Membrane Glycoproteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; immunology ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical ; Protein Conformation, beta-Strand ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Receptors, Scavenger ; chemistry ; genetics ; immunology ; Receptors, Virus ; chemistry ; genetics ; immunology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; immunology ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Sf9 Cells ; Spodoptera ; Thermodynamics