Objective To investigate the training injuries and physiological and psychological factors of recruits in the first training stage,and to study the relationship between training injuries and sleep,fatigue and emotion.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in 1 469 recruits at a naval training base with the Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale(PSQI),fatigue scale-14(FS14),depression anxiety stress scale(DASS-21)and self-designed training injury questionnaire.The incidence of training injuries and the influence of sleep,fatigue and emotions on training injuries were analyzed.Results The incidence of training injuries was 19.1%(280/1 469),and the knee,ankle,and waist and abdomen ranked the top three.The incidence of training injuries among male recruits under 35 years of age was significantly higher than that among female recruits over 36 years old(χ2sex=9.816,P=0.001;χ2age=3.914,P=0.048).There was a correlation between anxiety,stress and sleep quality of officers and soldiers and training injuries(P<0.05).Sleep problems were the mostly direct risk factors for training injuries(OR=1.949,P<0.001).Conclusion Sleep will directly affect the occurrence of training injuries of recruits in the first training stage,and also individual anxiety and other emotions and fatigue accumulation may delay the recovery of training injuries,and even will directly induce additional training injuries.

OBJECTIVE： To study therapeutic effects of Spider toxin oral ulcer powder on recurrent aphthous ulcer （RAU） model rats and its mechanism. METHODS： In vitro antimicrobial activity of the powder was determined by disk diffusion method. 50 healthy SD rats were randomly divided into normal group， model group， positive group （Guilin watermelon frost， 100 mg/kg） and oral ulcer powder high-dose and low-dose groups （70， 35 mg/kg）， with 10 rats in each group. Except for normal group， RAU model was established in the right oral submucosa of rats in other groups by acetic acid method. After modeling， administration groups were smeared with corresponding drugs on ulcers for 3 days. Normal group and model group were not treated. The ulcer surface of rats was observed and the ulcer area was measured on the 1st and 3rd days after administration. The morphological changes of ulcer tissues were observed. The serum levels of SOD， MDA， GSH， TNF-α， IL-1， IL-6 and IFN-γ were detected. The protein expressions of MMP-9， NF-κB， Caspase-3 and PARP in ulcer tissues of rats were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： The oral ulcer powder showed obvious in vitro bacteriostasis effect. Compared with blank group， oral ulcer and histopathological changes were obvious in model group； serum levels of TNF-α， IL-1， IL-6 and MDA were increased significantly， while the levels of IFN-γ， SOD and GSH were decreased significantly （P＜0.01）； the expression of MMP-9， NF-κB， Caspase-3 and PARP in ulcer tissue were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， the ulcer area of rats in each dosage group was significantly reduced （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01） or nearly healed， the pathological changes of  tissue were significantly alleviated； serum levels of MDA， TNF-α， IL-1 and IL-6 were decreased significantly， while the levels of SOD， GSH and IFN-γ were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； the expression of MMP-9， NF-κB， Caspase-3 and PARP in ulcer tissue were decreased significantly （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS： Spider toxin oral ulcer powder shows strong bacteriostasis， detumescence and repair effects， and has obvious therapeutic effect on RAU model rats. Its mechanism may be related to reducing the level of inflammatory factors， mediating the expression of apoptotic factors and regulating immune imbalance.