Objective:To investigate the effect of natural plant compound puerarin(PUE)on expression of NLRP3 inflamma-some in macrophages and its effect in ulcerative colitis(UC)in mice.Methods:A mouse model of UC was established using dextran sulfate sodium(DSS).Mice received PUE via gavage for 7 consecutive days,body weight,disease activity index and colon length were measured.HE staining was performed to assess tissue pathological damage.Flow cytometry was used to determine the proportion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in colonic lamina propria.Immunofluorescence was employed to assess the colocalization of NLRP3 inflammasome and macrophages.qRT-PCR was conducted to measure mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NLRP3-related genes in colonic tissues.Protein expression levels of ZO-1,Occludin,cleaved caspase-1 and IL-1β in colonic tissues were detected by Western blot.A cell model was established using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and adenosine triphosphate(ATP).mRNA expression levels of genes related to NLRP3 inflammasome were detected by qRT-PCR.Western blot was used to detect effects of PUE on expression levels of proteins related to NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling pathway.Results:PUE treatment signifi-cantly improved symptoms of DSS-induced UC in mice,including body weight,disease index,colon length and pathological damage.Following PUE intervention,infiltration of Ly6C+MHC Ⅱ-monocyte derived macrophages in the colonic lamina propria was reduced.Expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NLRP3 inflammasome related molecules in colonic tissues were decreased.PUE treatment increased expression levels of ZO-1 and Occludin in intestinal epithelial cells.In vitro experiments confirmed that PUE reduced expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-related molecules in macrophages induced by LPS combined with ATP,as well as protein expression level of p-NF-κB p65.Conclusion:PUE significantly alleviates the symptoms of UC by reducing intestinal tissue inflamma-tion and repairing the epithelial barrier.The mechanism may involve regulating NF-κB signaling pathway,thereby reducing the forma-tion and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages.

There is limited evidence to support the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in solid organ transplants (SOTs). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of GLP-1RAs in this population. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were a thorough literature search until July 2024 for SOTs with pre- and posttransplant diabetes mellitus (DM). Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), weight, and body mass index (BMI) were the primary outcomes. We estimated odds ratios and standardized mean difference (SMD) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for dichotomous and continuous outcomes, respectively. I2 statistics measured heterogeneity. GLP-1RAs were administered to 806 subjects (99.8%) in 16 trials. Median follow-up was 12 months (interquartile range, 1–49 months). The mean age was 57.05 ± 10.24 years, with 64.6% male patients. HbA1c levels (MD, –0.61% [95% CI, –0.82 to –0.40]; p < 0.01, I2 = 72%), weight, and BMI were statistically significantly reduced. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; SMD, –0.38 mL/min/1.73 m2 [95% CI, –1.01 to 0.25]; p = 0.24, I2 = 0%), creatinine, and blood pressure did not change significantly. Additionally, total daily insulin dosage, lipid profile, fasting plasma glucose, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and tacrolimus levels (MD, –0.40 ng/mL [95% CI, –0.85 to 0.05]; p = 0.08, I2 = 42%) did not yield statistically significant. GLP-1RAs caused increased nausea and vomiting (13.9%), urinary tract infections (21.1%), and drug discontinuation (13.4%). In SOT recipients, GLP-1RAs significantly reduced HbA1c, weight, and BMI without significantly altering tacrolimus trough levels, eGFR, creatinine, or cardiovascular outcomes. Gastrointestinal side effects were the most common adverse events.

Objective:To investigate the effect of natural plant compound puerarin(PUE)on expression of NLRP3 inflamma-some in macrophages and its effect in ulcerative colitis(UC)in mice.Methods:A mouse model of UC was established using dextran sulfate sodium(DSS).Mice received PUE via gavage for 7 consecutive days,body weight,disease activity index and colon length were measured.HE staining was performed to assess tissue pathological damage.Flow cytometry was used to determine the proportion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in colonic lamina propria.Immunofluorescence was employed to assess the colocalization of NLRP3 inflammasome and macrophages.qRT-PCR was conducted to measure mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NLRP3-related genes in colonic tissues.Protein expression levels of ZO-1,Occludin,cleaved caspase-1 and IL-1β in colonic tissues were detected by Western blot.A cell model was established using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and adenosine triphosphate(ATP).mRNA expression levels of genes related to NLRP3 inflammasome were detected by qRT-PCR.Western blot was used to detect effects of PUE on expression levels of proteins related to NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling pathway.Results:PUE treatment signifi-cantly improved symptoms of DSS-induced UC in mice,including body weight,disease index,colon length and pathological damage.Following PUE intervention,infiltration of Ly6C+MHC Ⅱ-monocyte derived macrophages in the colonic lamina propria was reduced.Expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NLRP3 inflammasome related molecules in colonic tissues were decreased.PUE treatment increased expression levels of ZO-1 and Occludin in intestinal epithelial cells.In vitro experiments confirmed that PUE reduced expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-related molecules in macrophages induced by LPS combined with ATP,as well as protein expression level of p-NF-κB p65.Conclusion:PUE significantly alleviates the symptoms of UC by reducing intestinal tissue inflamma-tion and repairing the epithelial barrier.The mechanism may involve regulating NF-κB signaling pathway,thereby reducing the forma-tion and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages.

Objective To explore the risk factors of chemotherapy-induced adverse reactions(CIAEs)caused by capecitabine in colorectal cancer(CRC)patients and to construct a risk prediction model for CIAEs.Methods We retrospectively collected data from postoperative CRC patients treated with capecitabine tablets at our hospital between January 2021 and December 2023.Patients were divided into CIAEs and NCIAEs groups based on the presence or absence of CIAEs.Variable differences were screened using t-tests and chi-square tests.Stepwise multivariate logistic regression was employed to identify independent factors influencing CIAEs in CRC patients.Based on these independent risk factors,a risk prediction model for CIAEs in CRC patients was constructed using R software.The model's predictive ability,calibration,and clinical net benefits were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis,calibration curves,and decision curves.Results A total of 253 postoperative CRC patients treated with capecitabine were included in this study.Among them,201 patients developed CIAEs,with nausea and vomiting being the most common(69.96％).Multiple logistic regression results indicated that age[OR=3.018,95％CI(1.404,6.487),P=0.005],prognosis nutrition index[OR=0.129,95％CI(0.06,0.278),P＜0.001],and systematic inflammation index[OR=4.074,95％CI(1.316,12.615),P=0.015]were independent risk factors for CIAEs in CRC patients.The constructed risk prediction model demonstrated good predictive ability,calibration,and clinical net benefit.Conclusion The risk prediction model for CIAEs can be used for individualized prediction of CIAEs in CRC patients and serves as a simple and practical tool for CIAE prevention and nursing management.

Objective:To construct a double-closed-loop management model for medical equipment and explore its application value in hemodialysis machine maintenance and fault management.Methods:Based on the closed-loop management of clinical operation of medical equipment and the closed-loop management of technical support,a dual closed-loop management model of equipment was constructed.65 hemodialysis machines in clinical use in Huashan Hospital Fudan University from January 2021 to January 2023 were selected and divided into a conventional mode and double-closed-loop mode according to different management modes.The conventional mode adopted conventional equipment management methods,and the double-closed-loop mode adopted a double-closed-loop management model.The cost-effectiveness,social benefit,failure occurrence,effective management quality matters,disinfection status,average patient waiting time and satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:The hemodialysis machine operating profit growth rate,diagnosis and treatment cost growth rate,service life index,scientific research service growth rate,diagnosis and treatment service growth rate,startup rate and operation rate of the double-closed-loop mode were(3.95±1.04)%,(3.80±0.58)%,(1.58±0.31)%,(4.30±0.95)%,(7.91±1.58)%,(96.58±2.76)%and(89.90±5.58)%,which were higher than those of the Conventional mode,the difference was statistically significant(t=5.418,10.070,7.490,17.570,11.820,8.849,6.840,P<0.05).The technical support expenses growth rate,bacterial colony count,bacterial endotoxin content and average patient waiting time of patients in the Double-closed-loop mode were(2.60±0.33)%,(0.370±0.008)cfu/ml,(0.0063±0.0011)EU/ml and(0.76±0.13)h,which were less than those of the conventional mode,the difference was statistically significant(t=23.040,82.985,14.482,19.530,P<0.05).The incidence rate of hemodialysis machine failure in the double-closed-loop mode was 9.23%(6/65),which was lower than that in the conventional mode,the difference was statistically significant(x2=6.392,P<0.05);among the 120 items of management data collected,quality control testing,maintenance and repair,clinical operation,information data,and scrap processing effectiveness rates were 95.83%(115/120),89.17%(107/120),96.67%(116/120),95.00%(114/120),and 97.50%(117/120),respectively,which were higher than those of the conventional mode,the difference was statistically significant(x2=15.238,16.596,9.808,15.585,16.119,P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of closed-loop management model to hemodialysis machine maintenance and fault management can effectively improve equipment cost-effectiveness,social benefits,management quality and patient satisfaction,and reduce the incidence of faults.

ObjectiveTo establish a polymerase chain reaction（PCR） method to accurately discriminate the crude materials of Murrayae Folium et Cacumen， Murraya exotica and M. paniculata. MethodBased on the difference in chloroplast genome sequences of M. exotica and M. paniculata， species-specific identification primers P03 and P04 of M. exotica and M. paniculata were designed according to single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） on the chloroplast genome. A multiplex allele-specific PCR identification method was established for the identification of M. exotica and M. paniculata following the optimization of annealing temperature， number of cycles， and primer concentration ratio. The established PCR method for identification was explored and verified in terms of tolerance and feasibility by investigating the type of Taq polymerases and PCR system model. ResultIn this multiplex allele-specific PCR identification method， about 330 and 230 bp of specific fragments were amplified from DNA templates of M. exotica and M. paniculata， respectively， under the following conditions：cycle number of 31， annealing temperature of 60 ℃， and primer concentration ratio of P03 and P04 of 1∶2. Consistent results were obtained for samples from different sources. ConclusionThe multiplex allele-specific PCR identification method established in this study can accurately identify the origin of Murrayae Folium et Cacumen， which can be used for the simultaneous identification of M. exotica and M. paniculata by the length of fragments in a single identification assay.

Objective:To explore the clinical value of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in the differential diagnosis of BK virus nephropathy (BKVN) in renal transplantation recipients.Methods:From 2014 to 2018, a total of 172 renal transplant recipients were recruited. Their peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were detected. According to the pathological puncture results of transplanted kidney, they were divided into acute rejection group (AR, n=68), BKVN group ( n=73) and stable graft function group (STA, n=31). The proportion and absolute number of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in each group were measured by flow cytometry and the proportion and absolute count of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in each group compared. Results:The proportion and absolute number of CD19 + B cells were markedly lower in BKVN group than those in AR group ( P=0.005, 0.003; 8.5% vs 13.2%, 0.094×10 9/L vs 0.202×10 9/L) and STA group ( P=0.005, 0.003; 8.5% vs 14.8%, 0.094×10 9/L vs 0.198×10 9/L); the proportion of CD3 + CD8 + T cells was significantly higher in BKVN group than that in AR group ( P=0.013; 36.9% vs 31.2%). In addition, no obvious difference existed in the proportion and absolute number of lymphocytes, CD3 + T, CD3 + CD4 + T and CD16 + CD56 + natural killer (NK) among three groups ( P>0.05). No obvious difference existed in the proportion of CD3 + CD4 + / CD3 + CD8 + T cells among three groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:No difference exists in T cell-related lymphocyte subsets between BKVN and acute rejection recipients. However, the number and proportion of CD19 + B cells decrease markedly in BKVN.

Objective:To investigate the clinical application of carbon nanoparticles mapping lymph nodes in curative resection for colorectal carcinoma.Methods:Patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer before operation and undergoing radical surgery with intact postoperative pathological data in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from March 2016 to March 2018 were included in this retrospective case-control study. Those who were diagnosed with ileus, recurrent carcinoma or underwent emergency operation were excluded. A total of 1421 cases were included, with 156 cases in the carbon nanoparticles mapping group and 1265 cases in the control group. Using 1∶3 case control matching based on gender, weight, TNM staging and neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 145 and 435 cases were finally recruited in the carbon nanoparticles mapping group and control group, respectively. Patients in the carbon nanoparticles mapping group underwent preoperative colonoscopy with carbon nanoparticles submucosal injection 2.4 (1.0 - 14.0) days before operation. Carbon nanoparticles of 0.25 ml was injected at 4 points (3, 6, 9 and 12 o'clock each) 0.5-1.0 cm around the tumor. The number of eliminated lymph node, number of positive lymph node and positive rate between the two groups were compared, and the number of eliminated lymph node in different subgroups of T stage, N stage, TNM stage and neoadjuvant chemotherapy was analyzed and compared.Results:After case control matching, total number of eliminated lymph nodes in the carbon nanoparticles mapping group was significantly higher than that in the control group (22.2±11.2 vs. 19.0±9.5, t=3.025, P=0.003). However, no statistically significant differences were found in the number of positive lymph node and lymph node positive rate between two groups (all P>0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that as compared to the control group, total number of eliminated lymph nodes in the carbon nanoparticles mapping group was significantly higher in T3 stage subgroup (median: 22 vs. 18, Z=2.435, P=0.015), N0 stage subgroup (median: 20.5 vs. 17.5, Z=2.772, P=0.006), TNM II stage subgroup (median: 23.5 vs. 19.0, Z=2.654, P=0.008) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (median: 22.5 vs. 13.0, Z=3.287, P=0.001), while compared to the control group, the number of positive lymph node (median: 4.0 vs. 6.5, Z=-2.530, P=0.011) and the lymph node metastasis degree (median: 16% vs. 31%, Z=-2.862, P=0.004) were lower in the carbon nanoparticles mapping group in N2 subgroup. Conclusion:Carbon nanoparticles mapping lymph nodes can effectively enhance the number of eliminated lymph nodes in curative resection for colorectal cancer.

Objective:To investigate the clinical application of carbon nanoparticles mapping lymph nodes in curative resection for colorectal carcinoma.Methods:Patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer before operation and undergoing radical surgery with intact postoperative pathological data in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from March 2016 to March 2018 were included in this retrospective case-control study. Those who were diagnosed with ileus, recurrent carcinoma or underwent emergency operation were excluded. A total of 1421 cases were included, with 156 cases in the carbon nanoparticles mapping group and 1265 cases in the control group. Using 1∶3 case control matching based on gender, weight, TNM staging and neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 145 and 435 cases were finally recruited in the carbon nanoparticles mapping group and control group, respectively. Patients in the carbon nanoparticles mapping group underwent preoperative colonoscopy with carbon nanoparticles submucosal injection 2.4 (1.0 - 14.0) days before operation. Carbon nanoparticles of 0.25 ml was injected at 4 points (3, 6, 9 and 12 o'clock each) 0.5-1.0 cm around the tumor. The number of eliminated lymph node, number of positive lymph node and positive rate between the two groups were compared, and the number of eliminated lymph node in different subgroups of T stage, N stage, TNM stage and neoadjuvant chemotherapy was analyzed and compared.Results:After case control matching, total number of eliminated lymph nodes in the carbon nanoparticles mapping group was significantly higher than that in the control group (22.2±11.2 vs. 19.0±9.5, t=3.025, P=0.003). However, no statistically significant differences were found in the number of positive lymph node and lymph node positive rate between two groups (all P>0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that as compared to the control group, total number of eliminated lymph nodes in the carbon nanoparticles mapping group was significantly higher in T3 stage subgroup (median: 22 vs. 18, Z=2.435, P=0.015), N0 stage subgroup (median: 20.5 vs. 17.5, Z=2.772, P=0.006), TNM II stage subgroup (median: 23.5 vs. 19.0, Z=2.654, P=0.008) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (median: 22.5 vs. 13.0, Z=3.287, P=0.001), while compared to the control group, the number of positive lymph node (median: 4.0 vs. 6.5, Z=-2.530, P=0.011) and the lymph node metastasis degree (median: 16% vs. 31%, Z=-2.862, P=0.004) were lower in the carbon nanoparticles mapping group in N2 subgroup. Conclusion:Carbon nanoparticles mapping lymph nodes can effectively enhance the number of eliminated lymph nodes in curative resection for colorectal cancer.

Objective: To explore the clinical and prognostic features of lipoprotein glomerulopathy (LPG) in renal allografts. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed for two case of LPG in renal allografts. The onset time was 6 and 9 years after living transplantation respectively. Initial symptoms included proteinuria and hypoproteinemia. Color Doppler ultrasound showed an enlarged graft size and greater parenchymal echogenicity. One patient had hyperlipemia and elevated apolipoprotein E (ApoE). Methylprednisolone pulse was offered with an early control of hyperlipidaemia and proteinuria by fenofibrate and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs). Yet it had no effect on graft function. The definite diagnosis was made by graft biopsy. Pathological examination indicated non-homogeneous lipid deposition in glomerular capillary, glomerular sclerosis, mesangial hypercellularity and tubular atrophy. Results: During a follow-up period of 8 and 10 years post-transplantation, two cases eventually lost their grafts within 2 and 1 year after biopsy respectively. With long-term dietary control and drug therapy, regular dialysis continued and both awaited a second transplantation. Conclusions LPG is generally steroid-resistant and refractory in renal allografts. And routine biopsy is recommended for patients with a high risk of occurrence. Early controls of hyperlipemia and hypoproteinemia and other risk factors should be also properly managed.