⁶³Ni is predominantly generated through neutron activation in nuclear reactors and is classified as a pure beta-emitting radionuclide with a half-life of 101.1 a. During decay, ⁶³Ni emits a beta ray with an energy of 65.87 keV. ⁶³Ni can be used in the manufacture of beta radiation sources, which are utilized as reference and working sources for beta activity measurement and beta energy response calibration. Additionally, it is used in electron capture detectors for chromatography, ionization sources in electron tubes, and electron capture probes in gas chromatography. These instruments have extensive applications in food safety, public health and epidemic prevention, soil pollution monitoring, and security. ⁶³Ni is an artificial radionuclide not commonly found in the natural environment under normal conditions. However, the ⁶³Ni generated during routine operations of nuclear power plants, as well as residual materials and wastes contaminated with ⁶³Ni during plant decommissioning, may be released into the environment through liquid effluents or solid wastes. This can pose potential radiation risks to both the public and the environment. Hence, it is necessary to monitor the activity concentration of ⁶³Ni. Currently, reports on this subject are limited in China, and there is a lack of established standards for the determination of ⁶³Ni in nuclear power plants. This article reviews the global literature on the pretreatment and purification measurement processes of ⁶³Ni. The merits and demerits are summarized for pretreatment methods such as acid leaching, mixed acid digestion, ashing acid leaching/dissolution, and alkali fusion, and for separation and purification methods like solvent extraction, precipitation, and extraction chromatography. The article also highlights the advantages of measurement using liquid scintillation counters. This review provides a reference for the establishment of the determination method of ⁶³Ni in liquid effluents and solid wastes from nuclear power plants.

Objective:To analyze the causes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and the differences in outcomes of pre-hospital first-aid measures and cardiopulmonary resuscitation for different etiologies, improved the success rate of rescue.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on OHCA patients admitted to Beijing Emergency Medical Centre from January to December 2021. The pre-hospital emergency medical records and rescue results within medical institutions were collected. Compared the basic situation between patients with cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic cardiac arrest, the differences of rescue measures and CPR outcomes between the groups were compared by non-parametric test and χ 2 test. Results:A total of 7 517 patients were included in this study. Cardiogenic arrest patients were older, more underlying diseases (84.2%), and cardiac arrest mainly occurred at home. The cause of non-cardiogenic arrest included disease (85.1%), trauma (2.9%), suicide (5.0%), traffic accidents (1.7%), poisoning (1.1%), and so on. In terms of first-aid measures, after the emergency doctor arrived at the scene, the proportion of first-aid measures used for cardiogenic patients was high (22.3%), and the first aid measures include cardiopulmonary resuscitation, tracheal intubation, defibrillation, oxygen inhalation, injection of adrenaline and use of other drugs. All the proportions of first-aid measures for cardiogenic patients were significantly higher than non-cardiogenic patients (all P<0.001). In terms of clinical outcomes, there were no statistical differences in return of spontaneous circulation ( P=0.072) and 24-hour survival ( P=0.093) between cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic patients. Conclusions:Cardiogenic cardiac arrest was the main cause of OHCA. Cardiogenic arrest patients were more underlying diseases, and older in age, the main clinical feature was onset at home. The comprehensive treatment measures for pre-hospital first-aid cardiac arrest should continue to be strengthened to improve the success rate of rescue for OHCA.

Objective To experimentally verify the precision and accuracy of determining tritiated water in ambient air using the desiccant adsorption sampling–high temperature negative pressure desorption of liquid water (containing HTO)–liquid Scintillation counter method, and to provide technical support for developing standard methods for monitoring tritiated water in ambient air. Methods The relative standard deviation and recovery of multi-group samples were verified by collecting, testing, and analyzing environmental samples with different activity concentrations. The uncertainty of the method was evaluated, the main uncertainty components were identified, and the reliability of measurement results was analyzed. Through experimental comparison of different methods, the differences in the test results of different methods were examined. Results The relative standard deviation of multiple samples ranged from 6.7% to 7.9%, the recovery ranged from 95.7% to 97.3%, and the uncertainty was greatly affected by the sample counting rate, with no significant difference as compared to condensation sampling method. Conclusion The precision and accuracy of this method meet the requirements of environmental authorities for monitoring tritiated water in ambient air, and it can be widely used in the monitoring of tritiated water in ambient air.

Objective:To explore the epidemiological factors of patients with OHCA who did not attempt CPR, and analyze the reasons and clinical features of non resuscitation.Methods:Data from OHCA patients who did not undergo CPR were collected from January 2020 to December 2020 at Beijing Emergency Medical Center. The registration form was designed according to the Utstein model, and the data were analyzed retrospectively by the chi-square test.Results:A total of 5 977 patients were enrolled and divided into two groups according to age: 2 349 patients aged ≤ 80 years old and 3 628 patients aged ≥ 81 years old. Compared with the younger group, the proportion of patients in the older group who did not undergo CPR due to disease (97.0%) and family desertion (99.4%) were higher, and the difference was statistically significant (both P<0.01). Conclusions:Elderly people over 80 years old with underlying diseases have a high probability of developing OHCA at home. Most of the witnesses at the scene were family members and could not implement CPR in time. After the emergency personnel arrived at the scene, they found that the patient had been in cardiac arrest for too long and had apparently died. Family members would choose to give up treatment.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with cardiac arrest caused by poisoning, explore the differences in the corresponding emergency measures and emergency effects under different causes of poisoning, and improve the success rate of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest rescue.Methods:All out-of-hospital toxic cardiac arrest patients admitted to Beijing Emergency Medical Center from January 2021 to December 2021 were retrospectively included.Results:A total of 38 patients with a median age of 43 years, including 26(68.4%) were male. There were 20 cases of acute alcoholism (52.6%), and 9 (23.7%) cases of carbon monoxide and drug poisoning respectively. In 38 cases, only 2 cases achieved return of spontaneous circulation, and no cases survived more than 24 hours.Conclusions:Poisoning induced cardiac arrest is one of the non-cardiac causes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, responsible for 1.7%. Alcoholism is the main poisoning cause of noncardiac out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Beijing, prevent the poisoning and quickly identify the cause of the poisoning and give the correct rescue measures is very important for cardiac arrest.

Objective:To analyze the urine of normal healthy left-behind children under 1 year old and left-behind children with zinc deficiency under 1 year old in Zunyi area using hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1HNMR), thus providing a new biomarker for the early diagnosis of zinc deficiency. Methods:From January to August 2018, a total of 40 normal healthy left-behind children under 1 year old in Zunyi area(healthy control group)[22 males and 18 females, average age of (7.78±3.62) months, average height of (65.01±2.67) cm and average body mass of (7.15±1.59) kg] and 40 age-matched left-behind children with zinc deficiency in the same region(zinc deficiency group)[19 males and 21 females, average age of (7.89±3.57) months, average height of (64.25±2.95) cm and average body mass of (7.02±1.68) kg] were included for a cross-sectional study by stratified sampling.The urine 1HNMR spectra of children in the 2 groups were measured, and the age, height, body mass and serum zinc content of children in the 2 groups were compared.The metabolites of the 2 groups were compared by metabono-mics technology combined with multivariate statistical analysis, and the differential metabolites of children with zinc deficiency were screened out. Results:There were no significant differences in age, height and body mass between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). The serum zinc level of healthy control group was significantly higher than that of zinc deficiency group [(54.3±3.06) mmol/L vs.(39.2±3.77) mmol/L, t=22.65, P<0.05]. Urine 1HNMR spectrogram results showed that compared with healthy controls, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, phenyl acetyl glycine, and hippuric acid salt water were significantly lower in zinc deficiency group ( r=-0.620, -0.689, and -0.721, respectively, all | r|>0.602, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Zinc deficiency in left-behind children under 1 year old in Zunyi area is mainly manifested by decreased metabolites of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, phenylacetyl glycine and horse-urate, suggesting metabolic disorder of intestinal flora.Differentially expressed metabolites have a potential application value in the early diagnosis of zinc deficiency.

Objective: To explore the factors affecting the prognosis of children with status epilepticus(SE). Methods: A retrospective review was performed on children and the outcomes were measured by Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS). GOS=5 was defined as a good outcome, and GOS<5 as a bad outcome. Results: (1)Two hundred and ninety-eight children (163 girls and 135 boys) with SE were enrolled.The ages of the patients ranged from 2 months and 7 days to 14 years and 5 months, and 106 cases were at 1-3 years old.There were 154 cases (51.68%) with previous history of convulsion, including 98 cases of epilepsy (63.63%) and 241 new onset SE (80.87%). The most common cause of SE in children was febrile seizure (92 cases, accounting for 30.87%), followed by long-term symptom (81 cases, accounting for 27.18%). A total of 109 cases (41.90%) were treated with Diazepam in time after the convulsion, and 151 cases (58.10%) were treated with antiepileptic drugs such as Phenobarbital sodium or Chloral hydrate after the convulsion.Based on GOS scale, the near-term prognosis was as follows: 254 cases(85.23%) of children with GOS=5, and the remaining 44 cases of GOS<5 points.(2) Recent overall prognostic factors: single factor analysis showed that a total of 12 factors were associated with poor prognosis (P<0.05), including age, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), tracheal intubation, previous history of convulsions, developmental delay, new onset of SE, fever, comprehensive onset, refractory SE, electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormality, neuroimaging abnormality and etiology.Multiple factor Logistic regression analysis showed that PICU monitoring was required (OR=4.306, 95%CI: 1.554-11.933, P=0.005), developmental delay (OR=3.054, 95%CI: 1.157-8.066, P=0.024), and abnormal cranial image (OR=2.110, 95%CI: 1.121-3.970, P=0.021) was an independent risk factors for short-term poor prognosis.Comprehensive onset (OR=0.330, 95%CI: 0.139-0.782; P=0.012), and the cause of febrile convulsion (OR=0.688, 95%CI: 0.480-0.987, P=0.042) were prognostic non-risk factor.(3)Recent prognostic factors in PICU monitoring group: the hospitalization time of PICU, developmental delay, the atypical attack type, electroencephalogram abnormality, neuroimaging abnormality, and the etiology of these 6 factors were correlated with the prognosis of PICU group, among which prolonged PICU (OR=36.912, 95%CI: 5.165-263.787, P=0.000) and developmental delay (OR=14.403, 95%CI: 1.725-120.273, P=0.014) were independent risk factors for poor outcome of PICU monitoring group. Conclusions PICU monitoring, developmental backwardness and abnormal head image are the independent risk factors for poor prognosis.PICU residence time and developmental delay are the independent risk factors for poor short-term prognosis in PICU enrolled children.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of operation of superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery(STA -MCA)bypass combined with temporal muscle sticking in the treatment of adult moyamoya disease.Methods A retrospective analysis was the data of operation,including preoperative evaluation,operation method,postoperative follow -up.Results Postoperative complications occurred in 5 cases,including 3 cases of intracranial hemorrhage,2 cases of cerebral infarction.During the follow -up of 6 -35 months,no recurrent hemor-rhage cases,1 cases of cerebral infarction,TIA remission rate was 93.5%.Postoperative cerebral blood flow of 38 cases significantly improved compared with preoperative by SPET,accounted for 86.3%.Cerebral blood flow of 41 cases was well compensated by vascular bridge,accounted for 91%.Conclusion Operation of STA -MCA bypass combined with temporal muscle sticking can significantly reduce the incidence of stroke,fewer complications,which is an ideal method in the treatment of adult moyamoya disease.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features and prognosis of children with rotavirus gastroenteritis and convulsion.MethodsClinical data of children with rotavirus gastroenteritis hospitalized from January 2010 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Subjects were divided into the seizure group and no seizure group according to the presence of seizure in the course and compared between the two groups.ResultsThere were no signiifcant differences in sex, age, and the average duration of hospitalization between two groups (allP>0.05). The family history, history of seizures, the levels of serum sodium, calcium, lactate, standard bicarbonate concentration (SB), actual bicarbonate concentration (AB), carbon dioxide content (TCO2) and pH were statistically signiifcant between two groups (allP>0.05). During the follow-up period (outpatient telephone follow-up), the recurrence of seizure in two groups was signiifcant different (P<0.05) and only one (0.54%) child in seizure group developed epilepsy.ConclusionThis study showed that rotavirus gastroenteritis with convulsion is a benign clinical course.

Using cyproheptadine ( CYP) as template molecule, methacrylic acid ( MAA) as monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as cross-linker, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) with high selectivity to cyproheptadine (CYP) were prepared by the optimization of porogen, monomer, and the mole ratio of monomer to template. The specific surface area of the prepared polymers was 24. 9 m2 / g. The recovery of CYP was above 94. 0% when the following procedure was applied to the cartridge of MIP as adsorptive material: conditioning with methanol and water, loading with water, washing with water and methanol, and eluting with methanol-ammonia (95: 5, V/ V). As a control, the recovery of CYP on non-imprinted polymers cartridge (NISPE) was only 38. 9% . The binding capacity of the molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE) towards CYP found to be about 8. 8 mg of CYP/ g polymers and the imprinting factor (IF) was about 2. 32. Under optimal conditions, a mixed standard solution of CYP, amitriptyline, sulfadiazine and trimethoprim (10 mg / L each) was uploaded on the MISPE and NISPE for selectivity experiment. The gradient elution was used by using 0. 05% sodium pentanesulfonate solution (A)-acetintrile (B) as a mobile phase. The recoveries on the MISPE for sulfadiazine and trimethoprim (different structure with CYP) were less than 10% , however, the recovery for the similar structural amitriptyline was more than 70% , and the recovery more than 90% for CYP. All the recoveries on the NISPE for four analytes were less than 30% . This new MISPE cartridge was applied to extract and enrich CYP in livestock drinking water sample, and the recoveries of CYP ranged from 80. 5% -97. 7% , and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0. 01 mg / L.