Iron,a vital trace element and redox-active metal in the human body,is pivotal in cellular processes and en-gages in a multitude of biological reactions.Ferroptosis,an emerging form of regulated cell death,is predominantly instiga-ted by the excessive free iron that catalyzes reactive oxygen species(ROS)production via the Fenton reaction.This process results in the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids within the cellular lipid membrane,compromising the membrane's integrity and thereby inducing ferroptosis.In the context of diabetic retinopathy(DR),ferroptosis plays a sig-nificant role.The disruption of iron metabolism,the excessive accumulation of ROS,and the imbalance of the antioxidant system are key mechanisms contributing to ferroptosis in retinal tissues and the exacerbation of DR's pathological progres-sion.This review provides a systematic summary and in-depth discussion of the advancements in understanding the role of ferroptosis in DR pathogenesis,intending to offer valuable insights for future research endeavors in this field.

Iron,a vital trace element and redox-active metal in the human body,is pivotal in cellular processes and en-gages in a multitude of biological reactions.Ferroptosis,an emerging form of regulated cell death,is predominantly instiga-ted by the excessive free iron that catalyzes reactive oxygen species(ROS)production via the Fenton reaction.This process results in the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids within the cellular lipid membrane,compromising the membrane's integrity and thereby inducing ferroptosis.In the context of diabetic retinopathy(DR),ferroptosis plays a sig-nificant role.The disruption of iron metabolism,the excessive accumulation of ROS,and the imbalance of the antioxidant system are key mechanisms contributing to ferroptosis in retinal tissues and the exacerbation of DR's pathological progres-sion.This review provides a systematic summary and in-depth discussion of the advancements in understanding the role of ferroptosis in DR pathogenesis,intending to offer valuable insights for future research endeavors in this field.

AIM:To systematically evaluate the changes in retinal and choroidal thickness in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis by using optical coherence tomography(OCT)through Meta-analysis.METHODS: Literatures on the measurement of retinal and choroidal structure in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis by using OCT from CNKI, VIP, WF, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, SinoMed, and Embase databases were searched for relevant studies. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the databases to January 2024. In addition, quality of the included literatures was assessed by the Newtle-Ottawa scale(NOS), and RevMan 5.4.1 and Stata 16.0 were used for statistical analysis.RESULTS: A total of 17 articles(including 18 studies)were included, and the Meta-analysis results showed that, patients with internal carotid artery stenosis had significantly thinner peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(pRNFL), ganglion cell complex(GCC), center macular thickness(CMT), and subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)than the healthy control group(age matched normal population). The pRNFL and SFCT of the ipsilateral eye in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis become thinner compared with the contralateral eye.CONCLUSION:To a certain extent, the morphological structure of the retina and choroid can be altered by stenosis of the internal carotid artery. OCT can non-invasively detect the microstructural changes of the retina and choroid in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis, and can be used for the evaluation of internal carotid artery stenosis.