Objective:To investigate the possible mechanism of treadmill exercise(TR)in improving cognitive function of rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)by detecting pathological changes and the expression of sigma-1 receptor(SIR),endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins in hippocampus.Methods:30 SD rats were ran-domly allocated into control group(n=10),CUMS group(n=10)and CUMS exercise group(CUMS+TR,n=10).Subsequently,depressive model was established in rats of CUMS group and CUMS+TR group,meanwhile,CUMS+TR group rats were subjected to 4 weeks of moderate intensity treadmill exercise(20 m/min).After the CUMS and tread-mill exercise,the eight-arm radial maze test(RAM)was carried out to evaluate the learning-memory functions.Subse-quently,the pathological changes of neurons in the hippocampus of rats were measured by HE staining,the protein expression of the GRP78,IRE1,XBP1,CHOP,caspase-3 and SIR in the hippocampus were measured by Western blot.Results:Compared with the control group,the time of finishing the eight-arm radial maze prolonged and the num-ber of total memory errors increased(P＜0.05)in the RAM of the CUMS group rats.The morphology and structure of neurons in the hippocampus of CUMS group rats showed obvious pathological changes,the protein expression levels of GRP78,IRE1,XBP1,CHOP and caspase-3 significantly increased and SIR protein expression decreased(P＜0.05)in hippocampus in the CUMS group compared with the control group rats.4-week treadmill exercise significantly im-prove the learning and memory ability and pathological changes of neurons in hippocampus of CUMS+TR group rats.Compared with CUMS group rats,the protein expression levels of GRP78,IRE1,XBP1,CHOP and caspase-3 signifi-cantly decreased,the SIR expression in hippocampus significantly increased in the CUMS+TR group rats(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Treadmill exercise can improve cognitive impairment in CUMS rats,and its mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of SIR expression and the inhibition of ERS-mediated apoptosis pathway in hippocampus.

Aim To evaluate the ameliorative effects of different ratios of Renshen-Huangjing(RH) on SPS-induced PTSD-like behaviors in mice,and to investi-gate the action mechanism using bioinformatics analysis and experimental studies.Methods The aqueous ex-tract was extracted in four ratios of RH in a total weight of 60 g,i.e.1∶0(RH1),2∶1(RH2),1∶2(RH3),and 0∶1(RH4).The extraction rates of Rg1,Rb1,and polysaccharides from different ratios of RH were then detected using UPLC-UV method.The SPS model was established,and RH1,RH2,RH3 and RH4(400 mg·kg-1)were administered by intragas-tric gavage for 14 day,followed by behavioral tests to e-valuate the PTSD-like behaviors.The serum CORT,IL-1β and IL-10 were determined by ELISA.The possible targets of action were analyzed using bioinformatics.The expression levels of Calpain-1,PSD95,BDNF and GluN2B in the hippocampus were detected by Western blot.Results The SPS model induced PTSD-like be-haviors in mice.Serum levels of CORT and IL-1β in-creased and level of IL-10 decreased in SPS model.After treatment with different ratios of RHs,RH2 showed the best therapeutic effect,which was manifes-ted in the suppression of PTSD-like behaviors,the re-duction of CORT and IL-1β levels,and the promotion of IL-10 levels;160 overlapping targets might explain the therapeutic effects of RH on PTSD,and these tar-gets were enriched in inhibiting synaptic damage,exer-ting antioxidant properties and suppressing neuroin-flammation,respectively.RH2 prevented the SPS-in-duced decrease in the expression of Calpain-1,PSD95,BDNF and the elevation of GluN2B.Molecular docking showed strong binding of Rg1 and Rb1 to Calpain-1,PSD95,and BDNF,respectively.Conclusions The a-queous extract of RH in a 2∶1 ratio can more effec-tively prevent SPS-induced PTSD-like behaviors,and its effect may be related to targets such as Calpain-1,PSD95,BDNF and GluN2B.

Objective:To comprehensively evaluate the medical service capacity of 50 first batch county medical sub-centers in Guizhou Province,it provides the basis and references for further research on the construction of county medical sub-centers in Guizhou province and improvement of the medical service capacity of township health centers(community health service centers)in Guizhou Province.Methods:Through TOPSIS method,RSR method and the fuzzy combination method,the medical service capacity of the primary medical institutions in the county medical sub-center was evaluated.Results:Among the first batch of 50 county-level secondary medical centers,the top three in terms of medical service capabilities were G18,G6,and G36,while the last three were G27,G15,and G22.Conclusion:There were significant differences in the medical and health service capacity among the 50 sub-centers.It is suggested to continue to increase the support for sub-centers,formulate relevant policies according to local conditions and time conditions,and improve the medical service capacity of sub-centers.

Objective To understand the current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in China,pro-vide data support and decision-making basis for formulating scientific and effective strategies for HAI prevention and control.Methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey on HAI was conducted among various types and levels of medical institutions in China according to a unified protocol of bedside surveys and case investigations.Results In 2024,a total of 5 736 medical institutions and 2 751 765 patients were surveyed.Among them,34 889 HAI cases were identified,with a prevalence rate of 1.27％.The number of HAI episodes was 38 032,and case prevalence rate was 1.38％.The prevalence rate of HAI in medical institutions in different regions of China ranged from 0.66％to 2.35％.Among medical institutions of different scales,those with a bed capacity of ≥900 had the high-est incidence of HAI,reaching 1.65％.The most common infection site was the lower respiratory tract(44.66％),followed by the urinary tract(12.94％),surgical site(9.32％),upper respiratory tract(7.02％),and bloodstream infection(5.78％).The top 3 departments with the highest HAI rates were the general intensive care unit(10.02％),department of neurosurgery(5.51％),and department(group)of hematology(5.34％).A total of 23 238 strains of HAI pathogens were detected,with 10 714 strains(46.10％)from lower respiratory tract speci-mens.The top 5 detected strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae(14.76％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(13.33％),Escherichia coli(12.79％),Acinetobacter baumannii(9.23％),and Staphylococcus aureus(7.88％).231 944 pa-tients underwent class Ⅰ incision surgery were monitored,with 1 647 cases experienced surgical site infection,and the prevalence rate of surgical site infection was 0.71％.The number of patients who should undergo pathogen de-tection(patients receiving therapeutic and therapeutic combined prophylactic antimicrobial agents)was 715 179,while the actual number was 480 492,with a pathogen detection rate of 67.18％.425 225 patients received patho-genic detection before treatment,with a detection rate of 59.46％.Conclusion The overall HAI prevalence in Chi-na is lower,showing disparities among medical institutions of different regions and scales.Therefore,precise imple-mentation of measures is necessary for HAI prevention and control,with a focus on high-risk institutions and high-risk departments,key areas,and critical procedures.All levels of medical institutions should continuously reduce the incidence of HAI by strengthening monitoring,standardizing the use of antimicrobial agents,and reinforcing basic HAI prevention and control measures.

This paper primarily investigated the protective effects and potential mechanisms of total saponins from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma in alleviating isoprenaline(ISO)-induced hypertrophy and damage in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Initially, H9c2 cardiomyocytes were used as the research subject to analyze the effects of ISO at different concentrations on cell hypertrophy and damage. On this basis, the H9c2 cardiomyocytes were divided into blank, model, and high-dose(200 μg·mL~(-1)), medium-dose(100 μg·mL~(-1)), and low-dose(50 μg·mL~(-1)) groups of total saponins from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma. Cell hypertrophy and damage models were induced by treating cells with 400 μmol·L~(-1) ISO for 24 hours. The Incucyte live-cell analysis system was utilized to observe the status, size changes, and confluence of the cells in each group. Cell viability was detected by using the CCK-8 assay. Western blot analysis was employed to detect the expression of Ras-associated protein 7A(RAB7A), sequestosome 1(SQSTM1/p62), autophagy-related protein Beclin1, and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3). Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression level of the autophagy marker Beclin1 in H9c2 cells. The results demonstrated that compared with the blank group, the model group showed a significant reduction in cell viability(P<0.01) and a marked increase in cell hypertrophy, with an average cell length growth of 13.53%. Compared with the model group, the high-dose, medium-dose, and low-dose groups of total saponins from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma exhibited reduced hypertrophy, with respective growths of 6.89%, 8.30%, and 8.49% and a significant decrease in growth rates(P<0.01). Cell viability in the high-dose of total saponins from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma was also significantly increased(P<0.01). Western blot and immunofluorescence results indicated that compared with the blank group, the model group showed changes in Beclin1, RAB7A, and p62 expression, as well as the LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio, although most changes were not statistically significant. In the groups treated with total saponins from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, the expression of autophagy-related proteins Beclin1 and RAB7A and the LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio were significantly increased(P<0.05), while p62 expression significantly decreased(P<0.05). These findings collectively suggested that pretreatment of cells with total saponins from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma significantly enhanced autophagy activity in cells. In summary, total saponins from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma inhibit ISO-induced hypertrophy and damage in H9c2 cells by promoting autophagy, demonstrating potential cardioprotective effects and providing new insights and scientific evidence for their preventive and therapeutic use in cardiovascular diseases.
Autophagy/drug effects* ; Saponins/pharmacology* ; Panax notoginseng/chemistry* ; Panax/chemistry* ; Animals ; Rats ; Cell Line ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Rhizome/chemistry* ; Isoproterenol/adverse effects* ; Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology* ; Hypertrophy/drug therapy*

Objective To investigate the effect of pneumoperitoneum pressure during robotic-assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT) on the function of the transplant kidney. Methods The data of 243 kidney transplant recipients were retrospectively analyzed and divided into open kidney transplantation (OKT) group (n=105) and RAKT group (n=138). The RAKT group was further divided into 13 mmHg group (n=67) and 7 mmHg group (n=71) based on pneumoperitoneum pressure. The donor information, recipient's preoperative general data, intraoperative data, and postoperative recovery of the three groups were compared. In the RAKT group, the renal artery, segmental artery, interlobar artery, and venous flow velocity of the transplant kidney were measured using laparoscopic ultrasound. Results There was a statistically significant difference in donor types among the groups (P<0.05), while other donor information and recipient's preoperative general data showed no statistically significant differences (all P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in serum creatinine and complications at 30 days and 1 year postoperatively among the groups (all P>0.05). The OKT group and 7 mmHg group had more intraoperative urine output than the 13 mmHg group. Both RAKT groups had less intraoperative blood loss and shorter hospital stays than the OKT group, and longer operation times than the OKT group (all P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and hospital stay between the two RAKT groups (all P>0.05). The vascular flow velocity of the transplant kidney decreased at 13 mmHg compared to 7 mmHg pneumoperitoneum pressure, but the differences were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). Conclusions Controllable pneumoperitoneum pressure has a limited impact on the vascular flow velocity of the transplanted kidney. RAKT is a safe and effective surgical method under appropriate pneumoperitoneum pressure, and choosing a lower pneumoperitoneum pressure is more conducive to the early recovery of renal function postoperatively.

Objective To understand the current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in China,pro-vide data support and decision-making basis for formulating scientific and effective strategies for HAI prevention and control.Methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey on HAI was conducted among various types and levels of medical institutions in China according to a unified protocol of bedside surveys and case investigations.Results In 2024,a total of 5 736 medical institutions and 2 751 765 patients were surveyed.Among them,34 889 HAI cases were identified,with a prevalence rate of 1.27％.The number of HAI episodes was 38 032,and case prevalence rate was 1.38％.The prevalence rate of HAI in medical institutions in different regions of China ranged from 0.66％to 2.35％.Among medical institutions of different scales,those with a bed capacity of ≥900 had the high-est incidence of HAI,reaching 1.65％.The most common infection site was the lower respiratory tract(44.66％),followed by the urinary tract(12.94％),surgical site(9.32％),upper respiratory tract(7.02％),and bloodstream infection(5.78％).The top 3 departments with the highest HAI rates were the general intensive care unit(10.02％),department of neurosurgery(5.51％),and department(group)of hematology(5.34％).A total of 23 238 strains of HAI pathogens were detected,with 10 714 strains(46.10％)from lower respiratory tract speci-mens.The top 5 detected strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae(14.76％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(13.33％),Escherichia coli(12.79％),Acinetobacter baumannii(9.23％),and Staphylococcus aureus(7.88％).231 944 pa-tients underwent class Ⅰ incision surgery were monitored,with 1 647 cases experienced surgical site infection,and the prevalence rate of surgical site infection was 0.71％.The number of patients who should undergo pathogen de-tection(patients receiving therapeutic and therapeutic combined prophylactic antimicrobial agents)was 715 179,while the actual number was 480 492,with a pathogen detection rate of 67.18％.425 225 patients received patho-genic detection before treatment,with a detection rate of 59.46％.Conclusion The overall HAI prevalence in Chi-na is lower,showing disparities among medical institutions of different regions and scales.Therefore,precise imple-mentation of measures is necessary for HAI prevention and control,with a focus on high-risk institutions and high-risk departments,key areas,and critical procedures.All levels of medical institutions should continuously reduce the incidence of HAI by strengthening monitoring,standardizing the use of antimicrobial agents,and reinforcing basic HAI prevention and control measures.

BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy has emerged as an indispensable therapeutic modality for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its clinical application experience remains limited, and the associations between various clinical factors and treatment benefits remain undefined. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in patients with stage IB-IIIB NSCLC in a real-world setting, analyze survival outcomes among subgroups with diverse clinical characteristics, and identify potential clinical predictive factors for pathological response. METHODS: This study included patients with stage IB-IIIB NSCLC who underwent radical lung resection after 2-4 cycles of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy at Peking University People's Hospital between August 2019 and March 2024. Medical records and follow-up information were collected to analyze therapeutic response, adverse events and survival outcomes. Logistic analysis was used to identify clinical predictors of pathological response. RESULTS: Among 183 enrolled patients, 116 (63.4%) were stage III. Grade 3-4 immune-related adverse events (irAEs) occurred in 39 (21.3%) patients. Radiographic complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) was achieved in 118 (64.5%) patients. R0 resection was achieved in 180 (98.4%) patients. Major pathologic response (MPR) was observed in 107 (58.5%) patients, with 78 (42.6%) achieving pathologic complete response (pCR). Squamous cell carcinoma and radiographic objective response were associated with pathological response (pCR/MPR). With a median follow-up of 22.1 [interquartile range (IQR): 18.3-32.2] months, the 2-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 82.5% and 90.4%, respectively. Achievement of pathological response (pCR/MPR) was correlated with prolonged survival outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy is safe and effective for patients with stage IB-IIIB NSCLC. Patients achieving pCR or MPR exhibit significantly better survival benefits from neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy. Squamous cell carcinoma and radiographic objective response can serve as clinical predictors of pathological response.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality* ; Male ; Lung Neoplasms/mortality* ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Neoadjuvant Therapy/adverse effects* ; Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Adult ; Immunotherapy/adverse effects* ; Treatment Outcome ; Retrospective Studies

In the study,calcium carbonate nanocubes(CCNC)were controllably prepared,and a simple and universal modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)method was developed for colorimetric and electrochemical dual-mode detection of lung cancer potential biomarker ferritin.The classic sandwich immunoassay mode was adopted.Monoclonal antibodies were modified on microwell of microplate and CCNC firstly.In the presence of ferritin,the CCNC were well captured on the surface of the microplate through the sandwich immunoreaction mode.Calcium ions released by acid hydrolysis formed a colored complex with the following added chromogenic agent,and the color of the sample solution changed from weak yellow to red.Spectrophotometry could be used for the quantitative detection of ferritin.Under the optimal conditions,the absorbance at 512 nm showed a good linear relationship with the logarithm of concentration of ferritin in the range of 1-250 ng/mL,with detection limit of 0.6 ng/mL,which was comparable that of the traditional ELISA method.In addition,gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)modified electrode-based electrochemical technique was also been introduced into the modified ELISA method.Under the optimized conditions,the linear range for ferritin test was 0.05-100 ng/mL,with an extreme low detection limit of 32 pg/mL(S/N>3).The CCNC probe used here exhibited obvious advantages over the enzyme probes in traditional ELISA technique in terms of stability,simplicity and cost,providing a new type of nanoprobe for ELISA technology.

The occurrence of diabetes and its complications is closely related to phlegm dampness, blood stasis and stagnation. The course of the disease is mostly from excess to deficiency in excess, and then to excess in deficiency. Elimination therapy is one of the eight methods of TCM treatment. In the treatment of diabetes and its complications, the application of elimination therapy can dissipate the tangible excessive pathogens of the human body, help the healthy qi to slowly eliminate the pathogenic knots, regulate the operation of yin, yang, qi and blood, and alleviate the state of hyperglycemia. It can also aim at the complex pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications, so as to achieve the purpose of simultaneous treatment of the symptoms and root causes, strengthening the healthy qi and eliminating the pathogenic factors. The clinical application of eliminating therapy should be dynamically adjusted according to the different stages and different degrees of diabetes and its complications. The specific application includes eliminating phlegm and dampness, resolving collaterals and stasis, soothing depression and stagnation of liver qi. At present, the research on the eliminating therapy for the treatment of diabetes and its complications is mainly based on clinical observation. There are some shortcomings such as small sample size, poor repeatability, and imperfect efficacy evaluation, and the future research needs to be improved in the above aspects.