To tackle the challenges posed by low resolution,weak contrast,and positional variations in liver tumor ultrasound images,which affects the diagnostic efficiency and accuracy,a novel method based on prototype generation and contrastive learning is proposed for liver tumor segmentation in ultrasound images.The core of this method is a weighted mask attention Transformer structure which utilizes the probabilities of real categories in the predicted probability distribution to weight image feature vectors,generates class prototypes with category discrimination,and thereby effectively captures key features while enhancing spatial information representation.By combining contrastive loss with Dice cross-entropy loss,the model achieves significant improvements in both category discrimination capability and segmentation accuracy,and overcomes the limitations of traditional models related to insufficient spatial information and intra-class pixel distribution imbalance.Comprehensive evaluations of the proposed method are conducted on a collected dataset of 253 ultrasound images,and the experimental results reveal that the proposed method attains a mean intersection-over-union of 78.44%and a Dice similarity coefficient of 87.41%,validating its superiority in liver tumor segmentation from ultrasound image.

To tackle the challenges posed by low resolution,weak contrast,and positional variations in liver tumor ultrasound images,which affects the diagnostic efficiency and accuracy,a novel method based on prototype generation and contrastive learning is proposed for liver tumor segmentation in ultrasound images.The core of this method is a weighted mask attention Transformer structure which utilizes the probabilities of real categories in the predicted probability distribution to weight image feature vectors,generates class prototypes with category discrimination,and thereby effectively captures key features while enhancing spatial information representation.By combining contrastive loss with Dice cross-entropy loss,the model achieves significant improvements in both category discrimination capability and segmentation accuracy,and overcomes the limitations of traditional models related to insufficient spatial information and intra-class pixel distribution imbalance.Comprehensive evaluations of the proposed method are conducted on a collected dataset of 253 ultrasound images,and the experimental results reveal that the proposed method attains a mean intersection-over-union of 78.44%and a Dice similarity coefficient of 87.41%,validating its superiority in liver tumor segmentation from ultrasound image.

Objective To investigate the effect of Sclareol(SCL)on LX-2 hepatic stellate cell activation and CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice,and to further explore its mechanism.Methods A total of 40 Kunming mice were randomly divided into healthy group,model group(10%CCl4)and SCL administration group,and silybin positive control group(10%CCl4+100 mg·kg-1 Silybin),and SCL administration group was divided into low SCL(10%CCl4+20 mg·kg-1 SCL)and high dose group(10%CCl4+40 mg·kg-1 SCL).Mice in all groups were intraperitoneally injected with 10%olive oil-diluted CCl4 three times a week for four weeks,except for the healthy group.Starting from the third week,the dosing group was given different doses of SCL by gavage daily,and the positive control group was given silybin daily,and the mice were sacrificed and serum and liver tissue were collected after four weeks.In whole animal experiments,biochemical kits were used to detect the changes in the serum levels of glutamate aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)in mice with liver fibrosis.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE),Sirius Red and Masson staining were used to detect microstructural changes and collagen deposition in liver tissues.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of fibrosis marker proteins α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)and fibrous collagen I.in liver tissues.In vitro,LX-2 human hepatic stellate cells were used for normal culture in the blank group,and the activation of LX-2 hepatic stellate cells was induced by transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)in the model group,and the SCL administration group was divided into SCL low-dose group(5 ng·mL-1 TGF-β1+10 μmol·L-1 SCL)and high-dose group(5 ng·mL-1 TGF-β1+20 μmol·L-1 SCL).Subsequently,Transwell and EdU assays were used to detect the effects of SCL on the migration and proliferation of LX-2 cells.The expression of fibrosis marker proteins α-SMA and Collagen I.affected by SCL was detected by immunofluorescence.Western blot was used to detect the expression of related proteins in TGF-β/Smad pathway.Results In animal experiments,compared with the model group,SCL could significantly improve the liver function indexes and liver histopathological changes in liver fibrosis model mice.In addition,in vitro cell experiments,compared with the model group,SCL can effectively inhibit the migration and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells and inhibit their activation.Further studies showed that compared with the model group,SCL significantly up-regulated the expression of Smad7 protein and significantly down-regulated the phosphorylation levels of Smad2 and Smad3 proteins.Conclusion SCL has a significant alleviating effect on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and TGF-β1-induced LX-2 activation in mice,and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of TGF-β/Smad pathway.

Objective To investigate the effect of Sclareol(SCL)on LX-2 hepatic stellate cell activation and CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice,and to further explore its mechanism.Methods A total of 40 Kunming mice were randomly divided into healthy group,model group(10%CCl4)and SCL administration group,and silybin positive control group(10%CCl4+100 mg·kg-1 Silybin),and SCL administration group was divided into low SCL(10%CCl4+20 mg·kg-1 SCL)and high dose group(10%CCl4+40 mg·kg-1 SCL).Mice in all groups were intraperitoneally injected with 10%olive oil-diluted CCl4 three times a week for four weeks,except for the healthy group.Starting from the third week,the dosing group was given different doses of SCL by gavage daily,and the positive control group was given silybin daily,and the mice were sacrificed and serum and liver tissue were collected after four weeks.In whole animal experiments,biochemical kits were used to detect the changes in the serum levels of glutamate aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)in mice with liver fibrosis.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE),Sirius Red and Masson staining were used to detect microstructural changes and collagen deposition in liver tissues.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of fibrosis marker proteins α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)and fibrous collagen I.in liver tissues.In vitro,LX-2 human hepatic stellate cells were used for normal culture in the blank group,and the activation of LX-2 hepatic stellate cells was induced by transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)in the model group,and the SCL administration group was divided into SCL low-dose group(5 ng·mL-1 TGF-β1+10 μmol·L-1 SCL)and high-dose group(5 ng·mL-1 TGF-β1+20 μmol·L-1 SCL).Subsequently,Transwell and EdU assays were used to detect the effects of SCL on the migration and proliferation of LX-2 cells.The expression of fibrosis marker proteins α-SMA and Collagen I.affected by SCL was detected by immunofluorescence.Western blot was used to detect the expression of related proteins in TGF-β/Smad pathway.Results In animal experiments,compared with the model group,SCL could significantly improve the liver function indexes and liver histopathological changes in liver fibrosis model mice.In addition,in vitro cell experiments,compared with the model group,SCL can effectively inhibit the migration and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells and inhibit their activation.Further studies showed that compared with the model group,SCL significantly up-regulated the expression of Smad7 protein and significantly down-regulated the phosphorylation levels of Smad2 and Smad3 proteins.Conclusion SCL has a significant alleviating effect on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and TGF-β1-induced LX-2 activation in mice,and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of TGF-β/Smad pathway.

Objective:To investigate the safety of minimally invasive liver resection for resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) complicated with portal hypertension.Methods:The propensity score matching and retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 807 patients with resectable HCC who underwent minimally invasive liver resection in 8 medical centers, including Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Affiliated with the Zhejiang University School of Medicine et al, from June 2011 to November 2022 were collected. There were 670 males and 137 females, aged 58(50,66)years. Of the 807 patients, 173 cases with portal hypertension were divided into the portal hypertension group, and 634 cases without portal hypertension were divided into the non-portal hypertension group. Observation indicators: (1) propensity score matching and comparison of general data of patients between the two groups after matching; (2) intraoperative and post-operative situations; (3) subgroup analysis. Propensity score matching was done by the 1:1 nearest neighbor matching method, with the caliper setting as 0.001. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3), and comparison between groups was conducted using the rank sum test. Count data were described as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Comparison of ordinal data was constructed using the non-parameter rank sun test. Results:(1) Propensity score matching and comparison of general data of patients between the two groups after matching. Of the 807 patients, 268 cases were successfully matched, including 134 cases in the portal hypertension group and 134 cases in the non-portal hypertension group. The elimination of the tumor diameter and robot-assisted surgery confounding bias ensured comparability between the two groups after propensity score matching. (2) Intraoperative and postoperative situations. The occlusion time of porta hepatis, cases with intraoperative blood transfusion, cases with postoperative complication, cases with complication >Ⅱ grade of Clavien-Dindo classification, cases of Clavien-Dindo classification as Ⅰ grade, Ⅱ grade, Ⅲ grade, Ⅳ grade, cases with liver related complication were 27.0(15.0,43.0)minutes, 33, 55, 15, 13, 29, 14, 1, 37 in the portal hypertension group, versus 35.0(22.0,60.0)minutes, 17, 25, 5, 14, 9, 4, 1, 13 in the non-portal hypertension group, showing significant differences in the above indicators between the two groups ( Z=-2.15, χ2=6.30, 16.39, 4.38, 20.72, 14.16, P<0.05). (3) Subgroup analysis. Results of subgroups analysis showed that in cases with major live resection, the operation time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, duration of postoperative hospital stay were 243.5(174.6,296.3)minutes, 200.0(150.0,600.0)mL, 7.5(6.0,13.0)days in the portal hypertension group, versus 270.0(180.0,314.5)minutes, 200.0 (75.0,450.0)mL, 7.0(5.5,10.0)days in the non-portal hypertension group, showing no significant difference in the above indicators between the two groups ( Z=-0.54, -1.73, -0.92, P>0.05). In cases with non-major live resection, the operation time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, duration of postoperative hospital stay were 170.0(120.0,227.5)minutes, 100.0(50.0,200.0)mL, 8.0(5.0,10.0)days in the portal hypertension group, versus 170.0(120.0,227.5)minutes, 100.0(50.0,200.0)mL, 7.0(5.5,9.0)days in the non-portal hypertension group, showing no significant difference in the above indicators between the two groups ( Z=-1.39, -0.10, 1.05, P>0.05). In cases with anatomical liver resection, the operation time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, duration of postoperative hospital stay were 210.0(150.0,285.0)minutes, 150.0(50.0,200.0)mL, 8.0(6.0,9.3)days in the portal hypertension group, versus 225.5(146.3,306.8)minutes, 100.0(50.0,250.0)mL, 7.0(6.0,9.0)days in the non-portal hypertension group, showing no significant difference in the above indica-tors between the two groups ( Z=-0.75, -0.26, -0.91, P>0.05). In cases with non-anatomical liver resection, the operation time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, duration of postoperative hospital stay were 173.5(120.0,231.5)minutes, 175.0(50.0,300.0)mL, 7.0(5.0,11.0)days in the portal hyper-tension group, versus 186.0(123.0,262.5)minutes, 100.0(50.0,200.0)mL, 7.0(5.0,9.5)days in the non-portal hypertension group, showing no significant difference in the above indicators between the two groups ( Z=-0.97, -1.12, -0.98, P>0.05). Conclusion:Minimally invasive liver resection or even major liver resection is safe and feasible for screened HCC patients complicated with portal hyper-tension, but attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of postoperative complications.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the common neurodevelopmental disorders in children. Its etiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. Previous studies have suggested potential changes in the complement and coagulation pathways in individuals with ASD. In this study, using multiple reactions monitoring proteomic technology, 16 of the 33 proteins involved in this pathway were identified as differentially-expressed proteins in plasma between children with ASD and controls. Among them, CFHR3, C4BPB, C4BPA, CFH, C9, SERPIND1, C8A, F9, and F11 were found to be altered in the plasma of children with ASD for the first time. SERPIND1 expression was positively correlated with the CARS score. Using the machine learning method, we obtained a panel composed of 12 differentially-expressed proteins with diagnostic potential for ASD. We also reviewed the proteins changed in this pathway in the brain and blood of patients with ASD. The complement and coagulation pathways may be activated in the peripheral blood of children with ASD and play a key role in the pathogenesis of ASD.
Child ; Humans ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/metabolism* ; Proteomics ; Brain/metabolism*

ObjectiveTo study the expression level of HER-2 gene in the same pathological stage gastric cancer,and discuss the feasibility of HER-2 gene being the prognostic indicator.MethodsThe expression of HER-2 in gastric cancer was detected by immunohistocehmical technique and analyzed in relation with the pathological stage and prognosis of the patients.ResultsThe total positive rate of HER-2 in gastric cancer was 33.64％ (37/110).In stage Ⅱ,the weakly and strongly positive rates of gastric cancer were 21.31％ ( 13/61 ) and 9.84％ (6/61).In stage Ⅲ,the weakly and strongly positive rates of gastric cancer were 20.41％ (10/49) and 16.33％ (8/49).In the same pathological stage,the survival rate of patients with negative HER-2 expression was higher than weakly positive ones.And the survival rate of patients with strongly positive HER-2 expression was the lowest.The difference had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.01).ConclusionThe prognosis of patients in the same stage was correlated with the expression level of HER-2,which can be used to evaluate the biological behavior and prognosis of gastric cancer.

Objective To observe the cough-preventing and asthma-relieving effect of Shaonianhong Fanxing Anti-asthmatic Syrup(SFAS).Methods The cough-preventing effect was observed in the experiment of cough induced by ammonia in mice;the phlegm-removing effect was observed in the experiment of eliminating phlegm with phenol red in mice;and the and-asthmatic effect was observed in the experiments of histamine inducing asthma and isolated tracheal smooth muscles of cavies.Results SFAS Can prolong the coughing time induced by ammomia,enhance the excretion of sputum,extend the delitescence period of ohosphoric acid hismmine induced asthma and restrain the contraction of isolated tracheal smooth muscles.Conclusion SFAS has phlegm-removing,cough-preventing and anti-asthmatic effects.

Objective To investigate the methods of anesthesia,infusion and the skill of removing urinary calculus for the treatment of uretemlith stones using ureterescope air pressure path lithoclasty.Methods Six hundred and ninety ureterolith stone patients using ureterescope air pressure path lithoclasty,383 patients were anesthetized by single sacro-anesthesia,and the diclofenac sodium suppositories were added in 312 cases to strengthen the anesthesia effeets.Antegrade perfusion with furosemide in the operation was used.Results Broken the stones in orthophoria were successful in 645 patients.the total success rate Was 93.5%and the total rate of removing urinary calculus was 93.8%.Conclusions Ureteroscope air pressure path lithoclasty is high efficiency,safety and easy manipulation.It is a satinfactory method for the treatment of ureterolith stones,and the correct method of anesthesia and infusion perfect skill of removing urinary calculus can improve the rate of removing urinary calculus and decrease the costs.

OBJECTIVETo explore the influence of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on the apoptosis and intestinal mucosal structure in severely scalded rats.

METHODSThirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups, i.e. control, scalding and rhGH groups. The rats in scalding and rhGH groups were inflicted with 25% TBSA III degree scalding on the back and immediately followed by intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone (80 mg/kg). The scalded rats were administered with normal saline and rhGH (1.33 IU.kg(-1).d(-1)) since 2 postburn hours (PBHs), respectively in the last two groups. The changes of the apoptosis rate, the intestinal mucosal proliferative index (PI) and epithelial ultrastructure and the intestinal mucosal pathomorphology of the distal end of ileal mucosal tissue were observed on 30 and 96 PBHs.

RESULTSThe intestinal mucosa morphology and epithelia in scalding group were severely injured but were significantly ameliorated by rhGH to near those in control group. The PI in rhGH and scalding groups at 30 PBHs was evidently higher that that in control group (P < 0.05 - 0.01). But the PI exhibited no obvious difference between scalding and rhGH groups. While the PI in rhGH group at 96 PBHs was obviously higher than that in both scalding and control groups (P < 0.01). The intestinal mucosal epithelial apoptotic rate in scalding group was significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.01), while that in rhGH group was evidently lower than that in scalding and control groups (P < 0.05 - 0.01).

CONCLUSIONrhGH could promote postburn intestinal mucosa epithelial proliferation in slow - action manner and inhibit intestinal mucosal epithelial apoptosis with rapid and obvious effects. As a result, the intestinal mucosal epithelial injury could be ameliorated by rhGH by means of its inhibiting roles and the normal morphological structure of intestinal mucosa was maintained ad hoc.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Burns ; pathology ; Human Growth Hormone ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Intestinal Mucosa ; drug effects ; pathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Recombinant Proteins ; pharmacology