Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), the most commonly-occurring form of hearing loss, is caused mainly by injury to or the loss of hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons in the cochlea. Numerous environmental and physiological factors have been shown to cause acquired SNHL, such as ototoxic drugs, noise exposure, aging, infections, and diseases. Several programmed cell death (PCD) pathways have been reported to be involved in SNHL, especially some novel PCD pathways that have only recently been reported, such as ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. Here we summarize these PCD pathways and their roles and mechanisms in SNHL, aiming to provide new insights and potential therapeutic strategies for SNHL by targeting these PCD pathways.
Humans ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/metabolism* ; Necroptosis/drug effects* ; Pyroptosis/drug effects* ; Ferroptosis/drug effects* ; Animals

Schizophrenia,a severe mental illness characterized by high disability and chronicity,imposes a heavy disease burden on society and patients in China.Community-based management plays a crucial role in the long-term and comprehensive management of patients with schizophrenia.Through years of exploration,community-based management models—primarily focused on case management,assertive community treatment(ACT),and crisis intervention—have proven beneficial to the overall recovery of patients.However,notable differences exist in the implementation of these models between domestic and international practices.Given this context,we systematically analyze domestic and international research to examine the characteristics of different management models and the causes of the differences.Based on this analysis,we propose targeted recommendations for improving community-based management of schizophrenia in China.Regarding case management,a tiered approach should be adopted according to regional economic conditions and resource availability to optimize the efficiency of resource allocation.For ACT,we suggest developing a family-centered integrated intervention framework adapted to China's specific context.Finally,regarding crisis intervention,a collaborative family-community-police response mechanism should be established,complemented by enhanced professional training and streamlined referral procedures.We advocate enhancing resource allocation and theoretical research,along with broader involvement of all sectors of society,to jointly optimize the community-based management model for schizophrenia in China.

The geriatrics department of Zhongnan Hospital covers all subspecialties of internal medicine with six separated wards, so it is difficult to manage and teach the students who participate in standardized training for resident physicians. In the residents' standardized training of geriatrics department, the interactive support platform named micro-teaching assistant was applied to carry out teaching activities such as classroom check-in, classroom testing and classroom discussion of teaching rounds and small lectures. It not only effectively manages the teaching order, but also improves students' enthusiasm and autonomy by encouraging them to participate in classroom interaction actively. The case analysis quiz and interactive discussion have a good effect on consolidating and deepening the students' professional knowledge, and improving the ability of clinical analysis and problem solving. The attendance rates, class discussion and test scores were recorded in a real and objective way, so that teachers can observe the whole process of students' learning and then make a formative assessment. At the same time, teachers are urged to adjust the teaching contents and progress in time, so as to achieve the goal of promoting "teaching" and "learning" mutually.