Objective To establish the functional constipated mouse model by compound diphenoxylate, and explore the anti-constipation effect of black garlic polysaccharide. Methods Mouse small intestine ink propulsion experiment and mouse defecation experiment were carried out respectively. The mice in each experiment were randomly divided into blank group, model group, positive group and black garlic polysaccharide （0.25, 0.5, 1 g/kg） groups. Mice in blank group and model group were given distilled water, and in positive group were given lactulose oral solution. Compound diphenoxylate （5 mg/kg） was intragastric administrated after 1 week of administration, and small intestine propulsion experiment and defecation experiment were conducted respectively. Results Compared with model group, intestinal propulsion rate of black garlic polysaccharide groups was significantly increased and first dejection time was significantly shorten, and the number, weight and fecal water content increased significantly at 6 h in middle and high dose groups. Conclusion Black garlic polysaccharide could promote intestinal propelling, shorten defecation time and increase fecal water content.

Objective To conduct a scoping review of the intervention design and application status of intelligent interactive cognitive-motor training(IICMT)in fall prevention among older adults,providing references for subsequent research in this field.Methods Following the scoping review framework,systematic searches were conducted in PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,Scopus,IEEE Xplore,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,CNKI,Wanfang Database,and VIP Database from their inception to September 17,2024.The included studies were analyzed and summarized.Results A total of 19 articles were included.The main intelligent interactive technologies included virtual reality,commercial games,computer touch sensing,wearable devices,and infrared sensing,typically combining basic cognitive ability training,advanced cognitive function training,spatial cognitive training,and comprehensive application training with functional activity training such as balance and coordination,gait and strength,stair climbing,and obstacle avoidance.Assessment indicators included balance and gait,fall risk and self-efficacy,physiological indicators,muscle strength,postural stability,physical function,as well as feasibility and safety assessments.Conclusion IICMT is safe and feasible among older adults,and can improve balance and fall efficacy,reducing the risk of falls.

Objective To explore the feasibility and clinical value of endoscopic resection of duodenal papilla tumors with a maximum diameter greater than 3 cm. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of all 12 patients who underwent endoscopic resection of duodenal papilla tumors at the Endoscopy Center of Zhongshan Hospital (Xuhui Hospital), Fudan University and Rongcheng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2017 to May 2023. The size of the tumors all exceeded 3 cm. Results All 12 patients successfully completed the operation, with a complete resection rate of 91.7% (11/12) and an en-bloc resection rate of 91.7% (11/12). One patient experienced delayed bleeding due to unclosed wound during operation and received endoscopic hemostasis; 11 cases underwent partial wound closure operation with pancreatic and biliary stent placement, without perforation or postoperative stenosis. Among them, 2 cases (18.2%) experienced delayed bleeding and received endoscopic hemostasis treatment. After operation, 1 case (8.3%) experienced nausea, vomiting, upper abdominal discomfort, and elevated blood amylase levels, who was later treated conservatively. During the mean follow-up period of 30.5 (1.0-69.0) months, 1 patient experienced recurrence and underwent surgical resection. Conclusions Endoscopic resection of duodenal papilla tumors can treat large diameter duodenal papilla tumors exceeding 3 cm, but postoperative complications may occur and require special attention. Postoperative placement of pancreatic and biliary stents and wound closure may reduce the incidence of complications.

Cancer patients often experience worsening pain due to the limitations of traditional pharmacological treatments. This paper explores the innovative application of multi-agent systems in this field. As a key component of artificial intelligence, multi-agent systems assist healthcare providers in making intelligent decisions and interventions based on patients' conditions, and can collaborate with other smart devices to provide personalized care. This review discusses the concept of multi-agent systems, their application in pain management, and the potential challenges and countermeasures, aiming to provide guidance for the intelligent management of cancer patient pain.

Objective To conduct a scoping review of the intervention design and application status of intelligent interactive cognitive-motor training(IICMT)in fall prevention among older adults,providing references for subsequent research in this field.Methods Following the scoping review framework,systematic searches were conducted in PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,Scopus,IEEE Xplore,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,CNKI,Wanfang Database,and VIP Database from their inception to September 17,2024.The included studies were analyzed and summarized.Results A total of 19 articles were included.The main intelligent interactive technologies included virtual reality,commercial games,computer touch sensing,wearable devices,and infrared sensing,typically combining basic cognitive ability training,advanced cognitive function training,spatial cognitive training,and comprehensive application training with functional activity training such as balance and coordination,gait and strength,stair climbing,and obstacle avoidance.Assessment indicators included balance and gait,fall risk and self-efficacy,physiological indicators,muscle strength,postural stability,physical function,as well as feasibility and safety assessments.Conclusion IICMT is safe and feasible among older adults,and can improve balance and fall efficacy,reducing the risk of falls.

Cancer patients often experience worsening pain due to the limitations of traditional pharmacological treatments. This paper explores the innovative application of multi-agent systems in this field. As a key component of artificial intelligence, multi-agent systems assist healthcare providers in making intelligent decisions and interventions based on patients' conditions, and can collaborate with other smart devices to provide personalized care. This review discusses the concept of multi-agent systems, their application in pain management, and the potential challenges and countermeasures, aiming to provide guidance for the intelligent management of cancer patient pain.

Pulmonary fibrosis is a respiratory system disorder characterized by damage to alveolar epithelial cells,pathological proliferation and transformation of fibroblasts,excessive deposition of extracellular matrix,leading to structural damage and loss of function in lung tissues,with a high mortality rate and limited effective treatment methods.This article was based on the TCM understanding of"lung connecting to large intestine",namely the theory of"lung and the large intestine being interior-exterior related",and set the modern medical understanding of"lung connecting to large intestine",namely the theory of"gut-lung axis"as the key.Combining the TCM pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and the related mechanisms of"gut-lung axis"in pulmonary fibrosis,it preliminarily expounded the connotation of TCM regulating the"gut-lung axis"to treat pulmonary fibrosis,aiming to provide new ideas for clinical treatment of pulmonary fibrosis through the"gut-lung axis".

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an effective method for treating various hematological diseases. Membranous nephropathy is the second leading cause of novo glomerular disease after transplantation. Protocadherin FAT1 is a target antigen for diagnosing membranous nephropathy, primarily related to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Here we report a rare case of membranous nephropathy after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The target antigen of membranous nephropathy was confirmed to be FAT1 by pathology combined with mass spectrometry analysis. The nephrotic syndrome achieved partial remission after corticosteroid combined with cyclosporine treatment, and the patient's condition was stable during follow-up.

Objective:To study the correlation between spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and increased intracranial pressure.Methods:Clinical data of patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea treated in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Provincial Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from January 2019 to December 2023 and their epidemiology, clinical symptoms and signs, preoperative cerebrospinal fluid pressure, imaging data, leakage site, repair method and the presence or absebce of increased intracranial pressure were analysed. SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:Of the 57 patients with cerebrospinal fluid nasolacrimal leakage, 84.2%(48/57) were females and 15.8%(9/57) were males; 80.7%(46/57) were between 40 and 60 years old; and overweight and obese patients accounted for 75.4%(43/57). Of 57 patients, 35 patients received cranial MRI+magnetic resonance venography, and among them, 12(34.3%) patients were clinically with headache symptoms; the incidences of empty pterygoid and venous sinus stenosis were 40.0%(14/35) and 51.4%(18/35), respectively; and 33 patients underwent preoperative lumbar puncture examination, of whom 25(75.8%) patients had the increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure and 1 patient had idiopathic intracranial hypertension. All 57 patients underwent dural repair of the skull base, the postoperative follow-up period ranged from 3 to 60 months, and the success rate of surgery was 94.7%. The success rate was 100% in female patients and 33.3%(3/9) in male patients, including one with surgical failure receiving reoperation and two with postoperative recurrence in other areas of the skull base, with significant difference in the success rate of surgery between males and females (χ 2=16.890, P<0.001). Conclusions:Most patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea have the increased cerebrospinal fluid pressures, but very few fulfil the diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. The success rate of surgical repair alone is high, but some recurrences still exist, especially in male patients.

Objective:To explore the force distribution on the maxillary dentition when the first and second molars distalized simultaneously with different step sizes using clear aligners in vitro in order to provide a theoretical basis for the rational design of molar distalization. Methods:Clear aligners were designed to simultaneously distalize the maxillary first and second molars bilaterally, with rectangular attachments placed on the buccal surfaces of the first and second premolars, as well as the second molars. Based on different step sizes, the aligners were divided into three groups: Group A (0.15 mm per step), Group B (0.20 mm per step), and Group C (0.25 mm per step). Ten aligners were fabricated for each group using 0.76 mm thick polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PET-G) sheets. A three-dimensional force measurement system was used to measure the forces exerted on each tooth by the aligners, the first and second molars served as the target teeth and the remaining teeth as anchorage teeth. The three-dimensional force data were compared among the three groups.Results:In the mesiodistal direction, the forces on the central and lateral incisors were relatively small among all three groups, with no statistically significant differences ( P>0.05). However, significant differences were observed in the forces on the canines, first premolars, second premolars, first molars, and second molars ( P<0.05). The distal forces on the second molars in Groups B and C were (6.13±1.45) N and (6.83±1.58) N, respectively, significantly higher than that in Group A [(3.51±1.01) N] ( P<0.05). The distal force on the first molars in Group C [(6.62±0.89) N] was significantly higher than that in Groups A and B ( P<0.05). The mesial reactive forces on the first and second premolars in Groups B and C were significantly higher than those in Group A ( P<0.05). The mesial reactive force on the canines in Group C [(-2.98±1.33) N] was significantly higher than that in Group A [(-1.69±0.68) N] ( P<0.05), while there were no significant differences between Groups B and C in the forces on the canines, first premolars, and second premolars ( P>0.05). In the buccolingual direction, there were no statistically significant differences in the forces on the central and lateral incisors among three groups ( P>0.05), but significant differences were observed in the forces on the canines, second premolars, and second molars ( P<0.05). The buccolingual forces on the canines, second premolars, and second molars in Group B were (-0.56±0.54), (-2.07±0.95), (1.13±0.55) N, respectively, significantly higher than those in Group A ( P<0.05), but there were no significant differences compared to Group C ( P>0.05). Compared to the mesiodistal and buccolingual forces, the vertical forces on the target and anchorage teeth were relatively small in all three groups. Conclusions:When using 0.76 mm thick PET-G sheets to fabricate clear aligners for simultaneous molar distalization, a step size of 0.20 mm per step is recommended. To prevent buccal tipping of the molars during distalization, it is advisable to design lingual displacement for the molars and buccal displacement for the adjacent anchorage teeth to counteract the unfavorable forces, with attachments placed on the primary anchorage teeth.