Objective:To identify the risk factors associated with early postpartum pelvic floor muscle strength following cesarean delivery.Methods:A total of 352 women who underwent cesarean section at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University between September 2022 and Sep-tember 2024 and attended a pelvic floor rehabilitation clinic 6 to 8 weeks postpartum were enrolled in this study,and lectromyographic(EMG)values during anterior and posterior resting phases,as well as fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle phases,were recorded so as to analyze the factors that might affect the pelvic floor strength in the early postnatal period after cesarean section.Factors with statistically significant differences were further ana-lyzed by multifactorial Logistic analysis.Results:Pre-pregnancy body mass index(BMI)＞24 kg/m2,increase in body mass during pregnancy ≥ 11.5 kg,gestational hypertension and term delivery were identified as independent risk factors for abnormal EMG values during the anterior resting phase of the pelvic floor(OR＞1,P＜0.05).In-crease in body mass during pregnancy≥11.5 kg,preterm rupture of membranes,and term delivery were risk fac-tors for abnormal pelvic floor EMG values in the post-resting stage(OR＞1,P＜0.05).Pre-pregnancy BMI＞24 kg/m2 and pre-eclampsia were risk factors for abnormal pelvic floor EMG values in the fast-muscle stage(OR＞1,P＜0.05).and a history of uterine fibroids was a risk factor for abnormal pelvic floor EMG values in the slow-muscle stage(OR＞1,P＜0.05).Conclusions:Early postpartum pelvic floor muscle strength following ce-sarean delivery is influenced by several risk factors,including pre-pregnancy BMI＞24 kg/m2,increase in body mass during pregnancy ≥ 11.5 kg,gestational hypertension,full-term labor,premature rupture of membranes,pre-eclampsia,and history of uterine fibroids,pelvic floor muscle strength is more likely to be impaired in the early postpartum period after the prenatal combination of the above risk factors,and Targeted pelvic floor rehabilitation should be initiated as early as possible during the postpartum period.

OBJECTIVES: Near vision loss (NVL) is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide, exerting a profound impact on individual quality of life and socio-economic development. This study aims to analyze the burden of NVL in China by sex and age groups from 1990 to 2021 and to project trends over the next 15 years. METHODS: Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, we conducted descriptive analyses of NVL prevalence in China, calculated age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rates (ASDR) to compare burden differences between sexes and age groups, and applied an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to predict NVL trends for the next 15 years. The model selection was based on best-fit criteria to ensure reliable projections. RESULTS: From 1990 to 2021, China's ASPR of NVL rose from 10 096.24/100 000 to 15 624.54/100 000, and ASDR increased from 101.75/100 000 to 158.75/100 000. In 2021, ASPR (16 551.70/100 000) and ASDR (167.69/100 000) were higher among females than males (14 686.21/100 000 and 149.76/100 000, respectively). China ranked highest globally in both NVL cases and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), with female burden significantly exceeding male burden. Projections indicated this trend and sex gap will persist until 2036. Compared with 1990, the prevalence cases and DALYs increased by 239.20% and 238.82%, respectively in 2021, with the highest burden among females and the 55-59 age group. The ARIMA model predicted continued increases in prevalence and DALYs by 2036, with females maintaining a higher burden than males. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a marked increase in the NVL burden in China and predicts continued growth in the coming years. Public health policies should prioritize NVL prevention and control, with special attention to women and middle-aged populations to mitigate long-term societal and health impacts.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Prevalence ; Middle Aged ; Disability-Adjusted Life Years ; Adult ; Global Burden of Disease ; Adolescent ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Aged ; Sex Factors ; Child ; Young Adult ; Child, Preschool ; Cost of Illness ; Infant ; Aged, 80 and over ; Vision Disorders/epidemiology*

Objective:To identify the risk factors associated with early postpartum pelvic floor muscle strength following cesarean delivery.Methods:A total of 352 women who underwent cesarean section at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University between September 2022 and Sep-tember 2024 and attended a pelvic floor rehabilitation clinic 6 to 8 weeks postpartum were enrolled in this study,and lectromyographic(EMG)values during anterior and posterior resting phases,as well as fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle phases,were recorded so as to analyze the factors that might affect the pelvic floor strength in the early postnatal period after cesarean section.Factors with statistically significant differences were further ana-lyzed by multifactorial Logistic analysis.Results:Pre-pregnancy body mass index(BMI)＞24 kg/m2,increase in body mass during pregnancy ≥ 11.5 kg,gestational hypertension and term delivery were identified as independent risk factors for abnormal EMG values during the anterior resting phase of the pelvic floor(OR＞1,P＜0.05).In-crease in body mass during pregnancy≥11.5 kg,preterm rupture of membranes,and term delivery were risk fac-tors for abnormal pelvic floor EMG values in the post-resting stage(OR＞1,P＜0.05).Pre-pregnancy BMI＞24 kg/m2 and pre-eclampsia were risk factors for abnormal pelvic floor EMG values in the fast-muscle stage(OR＞1,P＜0.05).and a history of uterine fibroids was a risk factor for abnormal pelvic floor EMG values in the slow-muscle stage(OR＞1,P＜0.05).Conclusions:Early postpartum pelvic floor muscle strength following ce-sarean delivery is influenced by several risk factors,including pre-pregnancy BMI＞24 kg/m2,increase in body mass during pregnancy ≥ 11.5 kg,gestational hypertension,full-term labor,premature rupture of membranes,pre-eclampsia,and history of uterine fibroids,pelvic floor muscle strength is more likely to be impaired in the early postpartum period after the prenatal combination of the above risk factors,and Targeted pelvic floor rehabilitation should be initiated as early as possible during the postpartum period.

Cardiovascular diseases are now the leading cause of serious harms to human health,have drawn widespread attention both domestically and internationally. But the current research on mechanism of cardiovascular diseases is not keeping up with the current status of their treatment. The microbiota in the gut,the largest microecological system in the human body and its interaction with the human host have been implicated in a variety of diseases. The relationship between gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases has been increasingly understood in recent years. The changes of gut microbiota and its metabolites are the major contributing factor for the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases,therefore,correction of gut microbiota dysbiosis may provide a novel therapeutic alternative for cardiovascular diseases. This article reviews the role of gut microbiota and its metabolites in cardiovascular diseases,aiming to provide reference for future related studies.

Objective:To investigate the possible mechanism of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) in amplifing inflammatory responses in Leptospira interrogans hemolysin Sph2-treated J774A.1 macrophages. Methods:Recombinant Sph2 was incubated with J774A.1 macrophages. The damage of cell membrane was detected by lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) determination; the changes of cell structure were observed by cryo-electron microscope; ELISA was used to determine the expression of HMGB1. After the commercial recombinant HMGB1 was incubated with mouse J774A.1 macrophages, the phosphorylation of NF-κB, p38-MAPK and JNK signaling pathway wsa detected by Western blot, and the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and KC (IL-8) was detected by ELISA.Results:Recombinant hemolysin rSph2 induced significant changes in the structures of J774A.1 cells, including nucleus disappearance, cell membrane structure damage, cell lysis and membrane swelling. The yields of LDH and HMGB1 also increased significantly. Phosphorylated-NF-κB, -p38-MAPK and -JNK were increased by HMGB1. The expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and KC in J774A.1 cells was up-regulated by HMGB1 and inhibited via inhibitors of NF-κB, p38-MAPK and JNK signal pathways.Conclusions:Hemolysin rSph2 damaged the membrane of J774A.1 cells, and induced the secretion of HMGB1. Secreted-HMGB1 might induce the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and KC in J774A.1 cells via NF-κB, p38-MAPK and JNK signal pathways, thus amplifying the inflammatory responses caused by Sph2.

The incidence of metabolic rheumatism gout has been increasing with a trend of more younger patients and atypical symptoms. Typical gout is easy to be diagnosed, but it is difficult for atypical cases. Finding uric acid crystal in articular fluid by polarizing light microscope is a gold standard of diagnosis, but it is an invasive diagnostic method and difficult to be widely used. The patients need further imaging examination for assistance of diagnosis and guide of follow-up treatment. This article reviews the research progress of different imaging methods used for diagnosis of gouty arthritis.

Glycosides are the active ingredients (AIs) of many Chinese herbs and have become hot spots along with the findings of their new functions,such as anti-inflammatory,antivirus,enhanced immunity and anti-cancer.It has been found that glycosides exert their effects by converting to aglycons or other AIs in vivo.Therefore,the transformation of glycosides to the corresponding AIs in vitro becomes very important to enhance their bioavailabilities.The microbial transformation has an unparalleled advantage in the transformation of Chinese herbs in vitro for its reaction specificity,less by-products,mild reaction conditions and environmental protection.This paper summarized and prospected researches of glycosides' microbial transformation.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM: To explore the role of chemokine receptor CXCR 4 in the pathogenesis of protein C system (PCS) in ulcerative colitis (UC).METHODS:In vivo, the mice were divided into control group and UC group .The mac-roscopic score, microscopic score and ulcer index were assessed .The mRNA levels and activity of myeloperoxidase ( MPO) , cyclooxygenase-2 ( COX-2 ) , stromal cell-derived factor-1α( SDF-1α) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) both in colonic tissue and plasma were determined .The expression and location of CXCR4,β-arrestin, p-JNK, endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) and thrombomodulin (TM) were detected.The activity of protein C (PC) and protein S ( PS) was measured in each group .In vitro, mouse colonic microvascular endothelial cells were isolated , cultured and identified.Both CXCR4-overexpressing and CXCR4-silencing colonic mucosa microvascular endothelial cells were con-structed.The effects of SDF-1αon the protein levels of EPCR , TM,β-arrestin and p-JNK, and on the activity of PC , PS and activated protein C ( APC) were observed .RESULTS:Compared with control group , UC mice showed increased gross score, histopathological score and ulcer index (P<0.05).The mRNA levels and activity of MPO, COX-2, SDF-1αand MCP-1 in colon and plasma were increased (P<0.01).The protein levels of CXCR4,β-arrestin and p-JNK were up-regu-lated, EPCR expression was down-regulated in colon, and the activity of PC and PS in plasma was decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01).CXCR4 overexpression further aggravated SDF-1α-induced PCS inhibition in colonic mucosa microvascular en-dothelial cells, and further up-regulated the protein levels of β-arrestin and p-JNK (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:PCS is inhibited in UC.CXCR4 is involved in the regulation of PCS inhibition by mediating chemokines and acting on colonic mu -cosa microvascular endothelial cells through β-arrestin-JNK pathway .

AIM: To explore the role of purinergic signaling mediated by ATP in the Alzheimer ’ s disease (AD)-related colon motility disorder and its related molecular mechanisms .METHODS:(1)Clinical trials:AD patients in our hospital were collected and studied .Radioimmunoassay was used for the determination of plasma motilin (MTL), cholecystokinin (CCK), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and nitric oxide (NO), and high-performance liquid chroma-tography ( HPLC) was applied to test the level of adenosine triphosphate ( ATP) .The patients were assessed by neuropsy-chology and scored accordingly .( 2 ) In animal experiments , AD mice received Morris water maze test , and the spatial learning and memory function were evaluated .The plasma levels of MTL , CCK, VIP and NO were examined by radioimmu-noassay , and the level of ATP was measured by HPLC .Choline acetyltransferase ( ChAT ) , VIP, nitric oxide synthase ( NOS) and ATP synthase were detected by immunohistochemistry .Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of P2Y receptor.(3) In vitro, organ bath was applied to observe the effect of α,β-methylene ATP (α,β-MeATP), an agonist of P2Y receptor, on both spontaneous and electrically evoked contraction of colonic smooth muscle strip, and the technique of intracellular microelectrode was applied to observe the effect of α,β-MeATP on the membrane potential of colonic smooth muscle cells .RESULTS:Compared with control group , the levels of MTL and CCK were decreased (P<0.01), and the levels of NO and ATP were increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the VIP level was not changed.Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score was decreased (P<0.05), Alzheimer’s Disease Assess-ment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) score, Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) score and Alzheimer’s Disease Co-operative Study-Activities of Daily Living Scale ( ADCS-ADL ) were all increased as compared with control group ( P <0.01).The 4~6 d escape latency of APP/PS1 AD mice was significantly prolonged (P<0.05), and the space explora-tion ability distinctly reduced (P<0.05).In AD mice, the levels of MTL and CCK were decreased (P<0.01), and the levels of NO and ATP were increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the VIP level was not changed .The protein expres-sion of colonic ATP synthase was significantly increased (P<0.05), but the expression of ChAT, VIP and NOS was not changed.The expression of P2Y receptor was increased (P<0.01).The results of in vitro experiment displayed that α,β-MeATP, from 20 μmol/L to 100 μmol/L, inhibited the spontaneous contraction of colonic smooth muscle strip in the nor-mal mice and AD mice ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ) , and this inhibition was reversed by Na +channel inhibitor tetrodotoxin (TTX) (P<0.05 or P<0.01).In addition, the effect of α,β-MeATP at 100μmol/L on the AD mice was more obvious than that on the normal mice (P<0.05), and this inhibition was also antagonized by TTX (P<0.05 or P<0.01), pro-minent in AD group as compared with control group (P<0.05).In 10 Hz electrically evoked contraction of colonic smooth muscle strip,α,β-MeATP inhibited both the normal and AD mice (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the inhibition was more obvious in the AD mice at the concentration of 40μmol/L or 100μmol/L (P<0.05 or P<0.01).CONCLUSION:AD patients and AD mice are accompanied by decreased MTL and CCK levels , and enhanced NO level , thus inducing colonic motor dysfunction along with AD .Meanwhile, ATP in plasma, purinergic neurons , and P2Y receptor expression are in-creased in the AD mice .Purinergic signaling mediated by ATP inhibits colonic smooth muscle strip contraction and further paralyzes the colonic movement function in AD .

Objective To observe and explore the clinical value of developmentally supportive care ( DSC) to improve the growth and development for preemy. Methods A total of 86 preterm children in this hospital since March 2013 to September 2014 were selected, and were randomized divided into two groups, 43 cases in the intervention group and 43 cases in the control group. The patients of intervention group received DSC nursing model, while the patients of control group received routine nursing. Calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, bone mineral density (BMD) as well as body weight had been measured and compared at birth, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after born in the two groups. Results After 1 month intervention, the body wight of intervention group was (1 838. 2 ± 297. 3) g higher than (1 463. 4 ± 189.4) g comparative control group (t =5. 209,P <0. 01). After 3 months intervention in the intervention group, the blood Ca (4. 92 ± 1. 26) mmol/L, blood P (2. 53 ± 0. 28) mmol/L were above those of control group, but ALP (298. 3 ± 27. 4) U/L was under that of control group (t=6. 165, 10. 500, 6. 915;P<0. 05). The BMD of intervention group was (0. 34 ± 0. 06)g/m2 and (0. 24 ± 0. 02)g/m2 in the control group 6 months after born with statistical significance between two groups (t=5. 762,P<0. 01). Conclusions DSC model can effectively improve preemy the nutrition, improve and accelerate weight gain, thereby can help the growth and development of preterm children.