Digestive system tumors are the leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality globally， and their occurrence and development generally follow the key pathological process of inflammation-cancer transformation. Therefore， intervening in the precancerous lesion stage is an important strategy to block malignant transformation of the disease and reduce the incidence rate of tumors. Banxia Xiexin Tang-related prescriptions （including Banxia Xiexin Tang， Shengjiang Xiexin Tang， and Gancao Xiexin Tang） originated from the Shanghan Zabinglun They follow the principle of pungent dispersing and bitter descending， combination of cold and warm medicinals， and tonifying deficiency and purging excess， which aligns with the core pathogenesis of digestive system precancerous lesions characterized by cold-heat intermingling and disorder of ascending and descending. These prescriptions are widely used in the clinical treatment of various digestive system inflammatory disorders such as atrophic gastritis， ulcerative colitis， and reflux esophagitis. This review systematically summarizes the theoretical basis， clinical evidence， and therapeutic mechanisms of such prescriptions in preventing and treating the inflammation-cancer transformation process in the digestive system. Clinical studies have shown that whether used alone or in combination with modern therapies， Banxia Xiexin Tang can effectively alleviate symptoms， repair histopathological changes， and improve patients' quality of life. Basic research further reveals that their efficacy stems from multi-target systemic regulatory effects： ameliorating the chronic inflammatory microenvironment， antagonizing oxidative stress， reshaping the gut microbiota， restoring the immune balance， regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis， etc. On the basis of the convergence of traditional Chinese and Western medicine understanding of inflammation-cancer transformation， this article constructs a research framework centered on regulating the inflammatory microenvironment homeostasis to systematically elucidate the mechanism of treating different diseases with the same method （Banxia Xiexin Tang）. In view of the limitations of current research in terms of evidence level， disease-syndrome combination models， and overall mechanism analysis of compound prescriptions， this article proposes future research directions of integrating high-quality clinical research， systems biology， and cutting-edge technologies， providing a new theoretical basis and translational ideas for the precise prevention and control of digestive system tumors with traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective: To investigate the effects of hepatobiliary metabolie dysfunction on gut microbiota in rats with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). Methods: Forty Sprauge-Dawley(SD) rats at 10 days of gestation were randomly divided into two groups,25 for ICP induction and 15 as control. Estradiol benzoate, combined with progesterone, was given to the rats by intraperitoneal injjection from 10 to 14 days after gestation. Hepatic impairment indicators of total bilirubin(TBIL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST),-glutamyl transferase ( GGT), alkaline phosphatase(AL.P), and total bile acids (TBA) in sera of the animals were detected in each group to verify the model construction. Simultaneously, the liver tissues were subjected to pathology examination and fresh faeces samples were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing to explore the gut microbiota profiles. Results: The serum levels of TBIL,ALT,AST,GGT,ALP and TBA in ICP group were significantly elevated compared with the control (P<0. 05 );the ICP rats presented obvious characteristics of hepatobiliary disorders, showing prominent steatosis, necrosis of hepatocytes and infiltration of inflammatory cells, with formation of bile thrombus in some animals. The abundance of Eubacterium, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides distasonis and Bacteroides uniformis remarkably decreased wereas Prevotela and Fusobacterium significantly increased in ICP rats when compared with the control (P<0.05). Conclusion The hepatic injuries and bile acid metabolic disorders occurred in ICP rats,which resulted in dysbiosis of gut microbiota.

Objective : To investigate the differences in gut microbiota and metabolites between urban and rural middle school students and explore their significance in gut homeostasis , so as to establish a healthy lifestyle and diet for children. Methods : Fecal samples were collected from middle school students in Hefei ( n = 14) and Jixi county ( n = 18 , Southern Anhui) , aged 13. 0 - 13. 5 years. Stool samples were sequenced by 16S ribosomal DNA (LC⁃MS) , followed by bioinformatic analysis. Results : Lachnoclostridium and Anaerostipes were dominant in the urban students that had been reported to be associated with colorectal cancer, atherosclerosis , depression and other disorders. In the village children , Ruminococcaceae UCG⁃002 , Barnesiella and Eubacterium dominated. An increased proportion of these microbes were related to metabolism of bile acids , short⁃chain fatty acids , lipid and carbohydrate decomposition , and play an important role in maintaining immune balance and physiological function. Additionally , significant differences in gut metabolites of the two groups were noted , mainly in arachidonic acid metabolism , platelet activation , serotonin metabolism , vitamin absorption , primary bile acid metabolism and other pathways. Conclusion Adolescent students of urban and mountainous areas differ in gut microbiota and metabo⁃ lites. Rural children have a healthy bacterial flora and metabolites in guts due to a reasonable lifestyle and diet in comparison with the city children.