ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanisms by which Renshentang treats atherosclerosis （AS） in mice， focusing on the regulation of endothelial inflammatory responses mediated by transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 （TRPV1）. MethodsAn AS model was established in apolipoprotein E knockout （ApoE^-/-） mice fed a high-fat diet. The mice were randomly divided into a simvastatin group （0.02 g·kg^-1·d^-1） and low-， medium-， and high-dose Renshentang groups （1.77， 3.54， 7.08 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， with 12 mice in each group. ApoE^-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet and treated simultaneously. C57BL/6J mice fed a normal diet served as the normal group （n=9）. After continuous administration for 12 weeks， mice were anesthetized and the aortas were collected. Oil Red O staining was used to observe lipid plaque formation in the aorta. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was performed to examine pathological changes in the aortic root. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the levels of pro-inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， as well as the expression of TRPV1， phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase （p-PI3K）， and phosphorylated protein kinase B （p-Akt） in the aortic root. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect endothelial nitric oxide synthase （eNOS） mRNA expression in the aorta， and Western blot was used to detect TRPV1 protein expression. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group showed a significant increase in aortic plaque formation （P<0.01） and significantly elevated levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the aortic root （P<0.01）. The expression levels of TRPV1， p-PI3K， and p-Akt were decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and eNOS mRNA expression was reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， all Renshentang groups significantly reduced aortic plaque formation （P<0.01）， significantly decreased TNF-α and IL-1β levels （P<0.01）， and markedly increased the expression levels of TRPV1， p-PI3K， p-Akt， and eNOS mRNA （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionRenshentang may inhibit endothelial inflammation and suppress the formation of AS by increasing TRPV1 protein expression and up-regulating the PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway， which may be one of the molecular mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effect against AS.

Objective:To investigate effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(hUCMSCs-Exo)on bisphenol AF(BPAF)-induced oxidative damage and inflammatory factor release from endometrial stromal cells(hESCs).Methods:hESCs were divided into Control group,BPAF group(25 μmol/L BPAF treatment),BPAF+Exo group(25 μmol/L BPAF+hUCMSCs-Exo treatment),BPAF+Exo+LY group(25 μmol/L BPAF+hUCMSCs-Exo+10 μmol/L LY294002 treatment).Cell prolifera-tion was detected by MTT assay;apoptosis,intracellular ROS level,and mitochondrial membrane potential level were detected by flow cytometry;protein expressions of Bcl-2,Bax,Cleaved-caspase-3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway were detected by Western blot;mRNA expressions of inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β were detected by RT-qPCR.Results:Compared with Control group,hESCs survival rate was gradually decreased(P<0.01),apoptosis rate was gradually increased with the increased concentration of BPAF(≥25 μmol/L).Compared with Control group,BPAF group showed increased ROS level,decreased mitochondrial membrane potential level,increased Bax and Cleaved-caspase-3 protein expressions,and decreased Bcl-2,p-PI3K and p-AKT protein expressions.Compared with BPAF group,cell survival rate of BPAF+Exo group was increased(P<0.01),ROS level decreased,mitochondrial membrane potential level increased,expressions of Bax and Cleaved-caspase-3 proteins decreased,and expressions of Bcl-2,p-PI3K and p-AKT increased.Compared with BPAF+Exo group,expressions of Bax and Cleaved-caspase-3 protein in cells of BPAF+Exo+LY group were increased,while expressions of Bcl-2,p-PI3K and p-AKT protein were decreased.Expressions of inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA were significantly up-regulated in BPAF group compared with Control group(P<0.01),and expressions of inflammatory factors mRNA were significantly down-regulated in BPAF+Exo group compared with BPAF group(P<0.05).Conclu-sion:BPAF(≥25 μmol/L)inhibits proliferation of hESCs and promoted apoptosis.hUCMSCs-Exo inhibits BPAF-induced oxidative dam-age and inflammatory factors expressions in hESCs through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(hUCMSCs-Exo)on bisphenol AF(BPAF)-induced oxidative damage and inflammatory factor release from endometrial stromal cells(hESCs).Methods:hESCs were divided into Control group,BPAF group(25 μmol/L BPAF treatment),BPAF+Exo group(25 μmol/L BPAF+hUCMSCs-Exo treatment),BPAF+Exo+LY group(25 μmol/L BPAF+hUCMSCs-Exo+10 μmol/L LY294002 treatment).Cell prolifera-tion was detected by MTT assay;apoptosis,intracellular ROS level,and mitochondrial membrane potential level were detected by flow cytometry;protein expressions of Bcl-2,Bax,Cleaved-caspase-3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway were detected by Western blot;mRNA expressions of inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β were detected by RT-qPCR.Results:Compared with Control group,hESCs survival rate was gradually decreased(P<0.01),apoptosis rate was gradually increased with the increased concentration of BPAF(≥25 μmol/L).Compared with Control group,BPAF group showed increased ROS level,decreased mitochondrial membrane potential level,increased Bax and Cleaved-caspase-3 protein expressions,and decreased Bcl-2,p-PI3K and p-AKT protein expressions.Compared with BPAF group,cell survival rate of BPAF+Exo group was increased(P<0.01),ROS level decreased,mitochondrial membrane potential level increased,expressions of Bax and Cleaved-caspase-3 proteins decreased,and expressions of Bcl-2,p-PI3K and p-AKT increased.Compared with BPAF+Exo group,expressions of Bax and Cleaved-caspase-3 protein in cells of BPAF+Exo+LY group were increased,while expressions of Bcl-2,p-PI3K and p-AKT protein were decreased.Expressions of inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA were significantly up-regulated in BPAF group compared with Control group(P<0.01),and expressions of inflammatory factors mRNA were significantly down-regulated in BPAF+Exo group compared with BPAF group(P<0.05).Conclu-sion:BPAF(≥25 μmol/L)inhibits proliferation of hESCs and promoted apoptosis.hUCMSCs-Exo inhibits BPAF-induced oxidative dam-age and inflammatory factors expressions in hESCs through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

This study retrospectively reviews and analyzes the application and funding status of traditional Chinese medicine pediat-rics(code H3112)projects under the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)from 2014 to 2023.It introduces the ap-plication and funding situations of projects in three categories:general programs,young scientists programs,and regional fund programs.The study also summarizes the characteristics of funded projects in the field of traditional Chinese medicine pediatrics,ai-ming to provide references for researchers and clinical professionals in this field when applying for future projects.

Objective:To investigate improvement of dexamethasone(DM)treatment after intrauterine adhesion decomposition on uterine fibrosis and inflammatory factors.Methods:A total of 60 patients with moderate to severe intrauterine adhesions admitted to The Reproductive Medicine Center of Jilin Provincial People's Hospital from March 2021 to March 2023 were selected,and divided into experimental group and control group according to random number table method,with 30 cases in each group.Control group under-went simple hysteroscopic adhesion decomposition,and experimental group underwent intrauterine infusion treatment with DM injec-tion after intrauterine adhesion decomposition.Improvement of clinical symptoms in the two groups was observed.RT-qPCR was used to detect changes in mRNA levels of intimal receptivity-related factors ER,EGFR,LIF,ITGB3,HOXA10,HOXA11,fibrosis-related factors TGF-β1,E-cadherin,N-cadherin,Smad,and inflammatory related factors IL-8,IL-2 and CD138 in two groups.Western blot was used to detect changes in expression levels of inflammatory related proteins IL-8,IL-2 and CD138.Results:Compared with before treatment,endometrial thickness,mRNA levels of ER,EGFR,LIF,ITGB3,HOXA10,HOXA11 and E-cadherin were significantly increased,while mRNA levels of TGF-β1,N-cadherin,Smad,IL-8,IL-2 and CD138,protein levels of IL-8,IL-2 and CD138,and endometrial blood flow parameters PI,RI and adhesion were significantly decreased.Eendometrial thickness,mRNA levels of ER,EGFR,LIF,ITGB3,HOXA10,HOXA11 and E-cadherin in experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group,while mRNA levels of IL-8,IL-2,TGF-β1,N-cadherin,Smad,CD138,IL-8,IL-2 and CD138,and endometrial blood flow parameters PI,RI and adhesion were lower than those in control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Treatment of DM after intrauterine adhe-sion decomposition can improve intrauterine adhesion,blood flow parameters and endometrial receptivity,and prevent the recurrence of intrauterine adhesion,which mechanism may be related to up-regulation of E-cadherin expression and down-regulation of IL-8,IL-2,CD138,TGF-β1,N-cadherin and Smad expressions.

Objective:To investigate improvement of dexamethasone(DM)treatment after intrauterine adhesion decomposition on uterine fibrosis and inflammatory factors.Methods:A total of 60 patients with moderate to severe intrauterine adhesions admitted to The Reproductive Medicine Center of Jilin Provincial People's Hospital from March 2021 to March 2023 were selected,and divided into experimental group and control group according to random number table method,with 30 cases in each group.Control group under-went simple hysteroscopic adhesion decomposition,and experimental group underwent intrauterine infusion treatment with DM injec-tion after intrauterine adhesion decomposition.Improvement of clinical symptoms in the two groups was observed.RT-qPCR was used to detect changes in mRNA levels of intimal receptivity-related factors ER,EGFR,LIF,ITGB3,HOXA10,HOXA11,fibrosis-related factors TGF-β1,E-cadherin,N-cadherin,Smad,and inflammatory related factors IL-8,IL-2 and CD138 in two groups.Western blot was used to detect changes in expression levels of inflammatory related proteins IL-8,IL-2 and CD138.Results:Compared with before treatment,endometrial thickness,mRNA levels of ER,EGFR,LIF,ITGB3,HOXA10,HOXA11 and E-cadherin were significantly increased,while mRNA levels of TGF-β1,N-cadherin,Smad,IL-8,IL-2 and CD138,protein levels of IL-8,IL-2 and CD138,and endometrial blood flow parameters PI,RI and adhesion were significantly decreased.Eendometrial thickness,mRNA levels of ER,EGFR,LIF,ITGB3,HOXA10,HOXA11 and E-cadherin in experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group,while mRNA levels of IL-8,IL-2,TGF-β1,N-cadherin,Smad,CD138,IL-8,IL-2 and CD138,and endometrial blood flow parameters PI,RI and adhesion were lower than those in control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Treatment of DM after intrauterine adhe-sion decomposition can improve intrauterine adhesion,blood flow parameters and endometrial receptivity,and prevent the recurrence of intrauterine adhesion,which mechanism may be related to up-regulation of E-cadherin expression and down-regulation of IL-8,IL-2,CD138,TGF-β1,N-cadherin and Smad expressions.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of Renshentang on atherosclerosis （AS） in mice based on the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid1 （TRPV1） in regulating cholesterol metabolism in foam cells. MethodsNine SPF-grade 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice were set as a normal group， and 60 ApoE^-/- mice were randomized into model， positive drug （simvastatin， 0.02 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （1.77， 3.54， 7.08 g·kg^-1·d^-1， respectively） Renshentang groups （n=12） according to body weight. The normal group was fed with a normal diet， and the other groups were fed with a high-fat diet and given corresponding drugs by oral gavage for the modeling of AS. The mice were administrated with corresponding drugs once a day for 12 weeks. After the last administration and fasting for 12 h， the aorta was collected. Plaque conditions， pathological changes， levels of total cholesterol （TC）， triglcerides （TG）， low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol （LDL-C）， and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol （HDL-C）， and the expression of TRPV1， liver X receptor （LXR）， inducible degrader of the low-density lipoprotein receptor （IDOL）， and low-density lipoprotein receptor （LDLR） in the aortic tissue were observed and detected by gross oil red O staining， HE staining， Western blot， immunohistochemistry， and real-time PCR. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group presented obvious plaque deposition in the aorta， raised levels of TC， TG， and LDL-C in the serum （P<0.01）， up-regulated expression level of LDLR in the aorta （P<0.01）， lowered level of HDL-C in the serum， and down-regulated expression levels of TRPV1， LXR， and IDOL in the aorta （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the positive drug and Renshentang at different doses alleviated AS， elevated the levels of HDL-C， TRPV1， LXR， and IDOL （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while lowering the levels of TC， TG， LDL-C， and LDLR （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionRenshentang has a lipid-lowering effect on AS mice. It can effectively reduce lipid deposition， lipid levels， and plaque area of AS mice by activating TRPV1 expression and regulating the LXR/IDOL/LDLR pathway.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of Renshentang on atherosclerosis （AS） in mice based on the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid1 （TRPV1） in regulating cholesterol metabolism in foam cells. MethodsNine SPF-grade 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice were set as a normal group， and 60 ApoE^-/- mice were randomized into model， positive drug （simvastatin， 0.02 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （1.77， 3.54， 7.08 g·kg^-1·d^-1， respectively） Renshentang groups （n=12） according to body weight. The normal group was fed with a normal diet， and the other groups were fed with a high-fat diet and given corresponding drugs by oral gavage for the modeling of AS. The mice were administrated with corresponding drugs once a day for 12 weeks. After the last administration and fasting for 12 h， the aorta was collected. Plaque conditions， pathological changes， levels of total cholesterol （TC）， triglcerides （TG）， low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol （LDL-C）， and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol （HDL-C）， and the expression of TRPV1， liver X receptor （LXR）， inducible degrader of the low-density lipoprotein receptor （IDOL）， and low-density lipoprotein receptor （LDLR） in the aortic tissue were observed and detected by gross oil red O staining， HE staining， Western blot， immunohistochemistry， and real-time PCR. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group presented obvious plaque deposition in the aorta， raised levels of TC， TG， and LDL-C in the serum （P<0.01）， up-regulated expression level of LDLR in the aorta （P<0.01）， lowered level of HDL-C in the serum， and down-regulated expression levels of TRPV1， LXR， and IDOL in the aorta （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the positive drug and Renshentang at different doses alleviated AS， elevated the levels of HDL-C， TRPV1， LXR， and IDOL （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while lowering the levels of TC， TG， LDL-C， and LDLR （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionRenshentang has a lipid-lowering effect on AS mice. It can effectively reduce lipid deposition， lipid levels， and plaque area of AS mice by activating TRPV1 expression and regulating the LXR/IDOL/LDLR pathway.

BACKGROUND:Rev-erbα is involved in the regulation of inflammation,but pharmacological activation of Rev-erbα increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases.To reduce the relevant risk,an exploration on SR9009,a Rev-erbα agonist,combined with other drugs to relieve inflammation in skeletal myoblasts was conducted,laying the theoretical foundation for the treatment of inflammation-associated skeletal muscle atrophy. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship of SR9009,indolepropionic acid and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide-induced C2C12 myoblasts. METHODS:(1)C2C12 myoblasts were induced to differentiate in the presence of lipopolysaccharide(1 μg/mL).RNA-seq and KEGG pathway analysis were used to study signaling pathways.(2)C2C12 myoblast viability was assessed using the cell counting kit-8 assay to determine optimal concentrations of indolepropionic acid.Subsequently,cells were categorized into control group,lipopolysaccharide(1 μg/mL)group,SR9009(10 μmol/L)+lipopolysaccharide group,indolepropionic acid(80μmol/L)+lipopolysaccharide group,and SR9009+indolepropionic acid+lipopolysaccharide group.ELISA was employed to measure protein expression levels of interleukin-6 in the cultured supernatant.Real-time quantitative PCR were employed to measure mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor α,TLR4 and CD14.Western blot assay were employed to measure protein expression levels of NF-κB p65 and p-NF-κB p65.(3)After Rev-erbα was knocked down by siRNA,knockdown efficiency was assessed by RT-qPCR.And mRNA levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor α were also measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the blank control group,lipopolysaccharide time-dependently inhibited myofibroblast fusion to form myotubes,the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor α were elevated,and the level of interleukin-6 in the cell supernatant was significantly increased.The results of KEGG pathway showed that the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway was activated by lipopolysaccharide.Indolepropionic acid exhibited significant suppression of C2C12 myoblasts viability when its concentration exceeded 80 μmol/L.Indolepropionic acid and SR9009 inhibited the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway,thereby played an anti-inflammatory role,and suppressed the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor α,TLR4 and CD14.Compared with the lipopolysaccharide group,the ratio of p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 protein expression were downregulated.SR9009 combined with indolepropionic acid notably reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation,further downregulated the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor α,TLR4 and CD14.The ratio of p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 protein expression was significantly lower than that in the SR9009+lipopolysaccharide group or indolepropionic acid+lipopolysaccharide group.Rev-erbα increases time-dependently with lipopolysaccharide induction.The knockdown efficiency of Rev-erbα by siRNA reached over 58%,and lipopolysaccharide was added after Rev-erbα was successfully knocked down.Compared with the lipopolysaccharide group,the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor α were significantly up-regulated.These results conclude that Rev-erbα may act as a promising pharmacological target to reduce inflammation.SR9009 targeted activation of Rev-erbα combined with indolepropionic acid significantly inhibits the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway and attenuates the inflammatory response of C2C12 myofibroblasts.Moreover,the combined anti-inflammatory effect is superior to that of the intervention alone.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hESC-MSC) in alleviating brain injury after resuscitation in swine with cardiac arrest (CA). METHODS: Twenty-nine healthy male large white swine were randomly divided into Sham group (n = 9), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) group (n = 10) and hESC-MSC group (n = 10). The Sham group only completed animal preparation. In CPR group and hESC-MSC group, the swine model of CA-CPR was established by inducing ventricular fibrillation for 10 minutes with electrical stimulation and CPR for 6 minutes. At 5 minutes after successful resuscitation, hESC-MSC 2.5×10⁶/kg was injected via intravenous micropump within 1 hour in hESC-MSC group. Venous blood samples were collected before resuscitation and at 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours of resuscitation. The levels of neuron specific enolase (NSE) and S100B protein (S100B) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). At 24, 48 and 72 hours of resuscitation, neurological deficit score (NDS) and cerebral performance category (CPC) were used to evaluate the neurological function of the animals. Three animals from each group were randomly selected and euthanized at 24, 48, and 72 hours of resuscitation, and the hippocampus tissues were quickly obtained. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the distribution of hESC-MSC in hippocampus. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the activation of astrocytes and microglia and the survival of neurons in the hippocampus. The degree of apoptosis was detected by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). RESULTS: The serum NSE and S100B levels of brain injury markers in CPR group and hESC-MSC group were significantly higher than those in Sham group at 24 hours of resuscitation, and then gradually increased. The levels of NSE and S100B in serum at each time of resuscitation in hESC-MSC group were significantly lower than those in CPR group [NSE (μg/L): 20.69±3.62 vs. 28.95±3.48 at 4 hours, 27.04±5.56 vs. 48.59±9.22 at 72 hours; S100B (μg/L): 2.29±0.39 vs. 3.60±0.73 at 4 hours, 2.38±0.15 vs. 3.92±0.50 at 72 hours, all P < 0.05]. In terms of neurological function, compared with the Sham group, the NDS score and CPC score in the CPR group and hESC-MSC group increased significantly at 24 hours of resuscitation, and then gradually decreased. The NDS and CPC scores of hESC-MSC group were significantly lower than those of CPR group at 24 hours of resuscitation (NDS: 111.67±20.21 vs. 170.00±21.79, CPC: 2.33±0.29 vs. 3.00±0.00, both P < 0.05). The expression of hESC-MSC positive markers CD73, CD90 and CD105 in the hippocampus of hESC-MSC group at 24, 48 and 72 hours of resuscitation was observed under fluorescence microscope, indicating that hESC-MSC could homing to the damaged hippocampus. In addition, compared with Sham group, the proportion of astrocytes, microglia and apoptotic index in hippocampus of CPR group were significantly increased, and the proportion of neurons was significantly decreased at 24, 48 and 72 hours of resuscitation. Compared with CPR group, the proportion of astrocytes, microglia and apoptotic index in hippocampus of hESC-MSC group decreased and the proportion of neurons increased significantly at 24 hours of resuscitation [proportion of astrocytes: (14.33±1.00)% vs. (30.78±2.69)%, proportion of microglia: (12.00±0.88)% vs. (27.89±5.68)%, apoptotic index: (12.89±3.86)% vs. (52.33±7.77)%, proportion of neurons: (39.44±3.72)% vs. (28.33±1.53)%, all P < 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS Application of hESC-MSC at the early stage of resuscitation can reduce the brain injury and neurological dysfunction after resuscitation in swine with CA. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of immune cell activation, reduction of cell apoptosis and promotion of neuronal survival.
Animals ; Heart Arrest/therapy* ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Swine ; Humans ; Male ; Human Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology* ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology* ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/blood* ; Brain Injuries/therapy* ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit ; Apoptosis ; Disease Models, Animal