Atherosclerosis(AS)is a chronic inflammatory disease involving disorders of lipid and iron metabolism.The establishment of suitable animal models is required to further the study of the etiology,pathogenesis,prevention,and therapeutic measures of AS.The main animal models of AS related to iron and lipid metabolism are mice and miniature piglets,especially male ApoE-/-mice.Single-factor high-fat diet-induced iron and lipid metabolism disorders are a common type of AS model,manifesting as elevated blood lipid levels,large plaques and iron deposition in the aorta,and significant increases in serum and liver iron levels.This review compares the effects of different intervention factors on iron and lipid metabolism in AS animal models,and summarizes the method of establishing AS animal models using dietary induction,chemical intervention,and gene modification,to provide references and inspiration for future research into AS and metabolic diseases and the development of new drugs.

Objective To propose a novel mechanical method and index to in-vivo characterize the health status of cancellous bone during the percutaneous kyphoplasty(PKP),and validate its feasibility and consistency.Methods According to the theory of elasticity,the expression and physical significance of the mechanical index K were given.Then using clinical images of the lumbar spine L4,three-dimensional finite element simulations were conducted to verify the validity of the theoretical results,as well as the consistency of the methodology and the indexes were verified for studies of different balloon shapes and puncture routes.Results The internal pressure of the balloon linearly varied with the injected fluid volume.The mechanical index K was closely related to the bone shear modulus and could well reflect the health status of cancellous bones.The balloon shape had a trivial influence on the Kresults,and the relative difference between the cylindrical and ellipsoidal shapes was less than 2％.The influence of surgical access route on the K results was also very small,and the relative difference between the routes by vertebral pedicle and by lateral margin of vertebral pedicle was less than 0.5％.Conclusions The in-vivo mechanical method and the mechanical index K can characterize the bone health of patients with good consistency.This study has a great significance for providing guidelines of the optimization of PKP operation plan and postoperative rehabilitation,collecting in vivo data of bone mechanical properties,and improving the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in clinic.

Objective:To carry out a systematic review of the development, introduction or validation of drug literacy assessment tools for adults at home and abroad, and to summarize and analyze the characteristics of the assessment tools.Methods:The research framework of the scoping review was used to systematically search 8 Chinese and English databases, such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. The search period was from database establishment to October 31, 2023. Studies on adult drug literacy assessment tools were screened and included, tool characteristics were extracted and analyzed, and ultimately the extracts were standardized for reporting.Results:A total of 31 articles that met the criteria were included, of which 26 were on the development and validation of assessment tools, three were on the localization and application of assessment tools, and two were on the revision of assessment tools, covering 33 assessment tools.Conclusions:It is needed to recognize the importance of drug literacy assessment, actively explore the diversity of drug literacy assessment tools, clarify the limitations of existing drug literacy assessment tools, further improve the reliability and validity of existing tools, continue to develop and introduce assessment tools suitable for China's national conditions, so as to increase the accuracy of drug literacy assessment.

Objective To propose a novel mechanical method and index to in-vivo characterize the health status of cancellous bone during the percutaneous kyphoplasty(PKP),and validate its feasibility and consistency.Methods According to the theory of elasticity,the expression and physical significance of the mechanical index K were given.Then using clinical images of the lumbar spine L4,three-dimensional finite element simulations were conducted to verify the validity of the theoretical results,as well as the consistency of the methodology and the indexes were verified for studies of different balloon shapes and puncture routes.Results The internal pressure of the balloon linearly varied with the injected fluid volume.The mechanical index K was closely related to the bone shear modulus and could well reflect the health status of cancellous bones.The balloon shape had a trivial influence on the Kresults,and the relative difference between the cylindrical and ellipsoidal shapes was less than 2％.The influence of surgical access route on the K results was also very small,and the relative difference between the routes by vertebral pedicle and by lateral margin of vertebral pedicle was less than 0.5％.Conclusions The in-vivo mechanical method and the mechanical index K can characterize the bone health of patients with good consistency.This study has a great significance for providing guidelines of the optimization of PKP operation plan and postoperative rehabilitation,collecting in vivo data of bone mechanical properties,and improving the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in clinic.

Atherosclerosis(AS)is a chronic inflammatory disease involving disorders of lipid and iron metabolism.The establishment of suitable animal models is required to further the study of the etiology,pathogenesis,prevention,and therapeutic measures of AS.The main animal models of AS related to iron and lipid metabolism are mice and miniature piglets,especially male ApoE-/-mice.Single-factor high-fat diet-induced iron and lipid metabolism disorders are a common type of AS model,manifesting as elevated blood lipid levels,large plaques and iron deposition in the aorta,and significant increases in serum and liver iron levels.This review compares the effects of different intervention factors on iron and lipid metabolism in AS animal models,and summarizes the method of establishing AS animal models using dietary induction,chemical intervention,and gene modification,to provide references and inspiration for future research into AS and metabolic diseases and the development of new drugs.

Objective:To carry out a systematic review of the development, introduction or validation of drug literacy assessment tools for adults at home and abroad, and to summarize and analyze the characteristics of the assessment tools.Methods:The research framework of the scoping review was used to systematically search 8 Chinese and English databases, such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. The search period was from database establishment to October 31, 2023. Studies on adult drug literacy assessment tools were screened and included, tool characteristics were extracted and analyzed, and ultimately the extracts were standardized for reporting.Results:A total of 31 articles that met the criteria were included, of which 26 were on the development and validation of assessment tools, three were on the localization and application of assessment tools, and two were on the revision of assessment tools, covering 33 assessment tools.Conclusions:It is needed to recognize the importance of drug literacy assessment, actively explore the diversity of drug literacy assessment tools, clarify the limitations of existing drug literacy assessment tools, further improve the reliability and validity of existing tools, continue to develop and introduce assessment tools suitable for China's national conditions, so as to increase the accuracy of drug literacy assessment.

Objective To analyze the effects of three sterilization methods,namely,pressure steam,low-temperature plasma and ethylene oxide,on the magnetic flux of magnetic surgical devices and their sterilization costs.Methods A total of 234 magnetic surgical devices of different specifications and models(magnetic rings)were randomly divided into Group A,Group B and Group C after the paired number was labelled,and each group consisted of 78 pieces(39 pairs).After packaging each pair of devices according to sterilization specifications,Group A was sterilized by pressure steam,Group B was sterilized by low-temperature plasma,and Group C was sterilized by ethylene oxide.We measured the magnetic flux of three sets of magnetic rings before and after sterilization,and comparatively analyzed the sterilization cost and sterilization time of the single package.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the impact of the three sterilization methods on the magnetic flux of the magnetic surgical devices(P＞0.05),but there was a significant difference in the magnetic flux before and after sterilization for each sterilization method(P＜0.001);the sterilization cost was(1.96±0.16)yuan for Group A,(23.17±0.32)yuan for Group B,and(8.16±0.18)yuan for Group C,showing statistically significant differences among the three groups(P＜0.01).The sterilization time was(65.21±3.36)min for Group A,(45.46±1.39)min for Group B,and(1020.38±12.21)min for Group C,with statistically significant differences among the three groups(P＜0.01).Conclusion None of the three sterilization methods affects the magnetic flux of the magnetic surgical devices.Pressure steam method shows the lowest cost of single package,low-temperature plasma method shows the highest cost of single package,while ethylene oxide method shows the highest sterilization time.Pressure steam should be the preferred sterilization method for magnetic surgical devices.

Ferroptosis is a form of iron-dependent cell death caused by a disorder of iron lipid metabolism.Its mechanism mainly includes lipid metabolism and iron metabolism,which are complicated and strictly regulated by various metabolic and signaling pathways.Current studies have shown that ferroptosis is associated with cancer,atherosclerosis,and neurological diseases.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is characterized by various active ingredients,relatively high safety,and lower treatment costs,which possess unique advantages in clinical applications.It has been widely used in the treatment of various diseases.Taking the regulation of ferroptosis by traditional Chinese medicine as the entry point may be a new direction for the future prevention and treatment of various diseases.In this review,we discussed the mechanism of iron lipid metabolic disorders based on ferroptosis and the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine intervention to provide reference and treatment strategies for the prevention and treatment of related diseases.

Objective To assess the value of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and arterial proton spin labeling (ASL) in the internal carotid artery transient ischemic attack. Methods According to TIA seizure frequency, 58 patients clinical diagnosed as TIA were divided into single group (n=12) and the frequent group (n=46). All patients underwent MRA and ASL, then intracranial arterial stenosis and cerebral perfusion were evaluated. Results Vascular stenosis with abnormal ASL were detected in 33 (71.74%) of 46 frequent TIA patients and 1 (8.33%) single TIA patient. The incidence of vascular stenosis with abnormal ASL was higher in frequent TIA than that in single TIA (P＜0.05). Conclusion Vascular stenosis with perfusion abnormality is one of the most risk factors of TIA frequent seizures. Combination of MRA and ASL can make judgment for stenosis and abnormality of cerebral blood flow, being helpful to understand the onset causes and prognosis of TIA.