Objective To analyze the research hotspots and trends of invasive fungal infections(IFIs)in China over the past 24 years,and provide references and suggestions for future research.Methods Literatures on IFIs re-search in China from 2000 to 2024 were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science(WOS).CiteSpace software was employed to conduct collaboration network analysis on authors' institu-tions,and co-occurrence,clustering,and burst analyses were conducted on key words.Results A total of 2 479 li-teratures retrieved from CNKI and 1 149 from WOS were included in the analysis,involving 295 research institu-tions,with no core research team identified having a intermediary centrality＞0.1.Institutions with intermediary centrality＞0.1 included Chinese Academy of Sciences,Peking University,Fudan University,Sun Yat-sen Univer-sity and Zhejiang University.Key words with high centrality included"diagnosis""risk factor""voriconazole"and"Candida albicans".Clustering analysis grouped the co-occurrence network of key words into 6 clusters,mainly covering fungal diagnosis,treatment,and susceptible factors.Since 2020,focuses on the safety of antifungal treat-ment agents and primary prevention have emerged,with hot topics including pharmacokinetics,children,clinical features,and risk factors.Conclusion Currently,research teams are dispersed with insufficient interdisciplinary collaboration.Research topics are relatively simple.It is necessary to strengthen research on fungal resistance and healthcare-associated infection prevention and control.Risk factors and prevention measures for IFIs may be the fo-cus of future research.

Objective:To investigate the effects and its related mechanism of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells(PMSCs)on the lipopolysaccharides(LPS)damaged astrocytes.Methods:Primary astrocytes were isolated from the cerebral cortex of neonatal rats.The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)was identified using immu-nofluorescence staining to evaluate the purity of the primary astrocytes.PMSCs were cocultured with LPS-treated astro-cytes.The expression levels of factors related to inflammation including interleukin-1β(IL-1β),inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),arginase-1(Arg-1),S100 calcium-bind-ing protein A10(S100A10),and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway-related proteins such as transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1),transforming growth factor beta type I receptor(TβRⅠ),transforming growth factor beta type II re-ceptor(TβRⅡ),phospho-Smad2 and phospho-Smad3(p-Smad2,p-Smad3)in astrocytes from each group were detec-ted using real time RT-PCR or Western blot techniques.Results:Astrocytes at the third passage exhibited an 80%pos-itivity rate for GFAP.After treated with 10 μg/ml LPS,the astrocytes expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β,iNOS,IL-6,and TNF-α were significantly increased(P<0.05),while their expression levels of the anti-inflam-matory factors of Arg-1 and S100A10 were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Meanwhile,their expression levels of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway related proteins of TGF-β1,TβRⅠ,TβRⅡ,p-Smad2 and Smad3 were increased(P<0.05).After the LPS damaged astrocytes were cocultured with PMSCs,their expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β,iNOS,IL-6,and TNF-α were significantly decreased(P<0.05),while their expression levels of the anti-inflammatory factors of Arg-1 and S100A10 were significantly increased(P<0.05).Also,their expression levels of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway related proteins of TGF-β1,TβRⅠ,TβRⅡ,p-Smad2,and Smad3 were decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion:PMSCs may inhibit the activation of A1 astrocytes through the TGF-β/Smad signaling path-way,by which reducing the astrocytic activation.

Objective To analyze the research hotspots and trends of invasive fungal infections(IFIs)in China over the past 24 years,and provide references and suggestions for future research.Methods Literatures on IFIs re-search in China from 2000 to 2024 were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science(WOS).CiteSpace software was employed to conduct collaboration network analysis on authors' institu-tions,and co-occurrence,clustering,and burst analyses were conducted on key words.Results A total of 2 479 li-teratures retrieved from CNKI and 1 149 from WOS were included in the analysis,involving 295 research institu-tions,with no core research team identified having a intermediary centrality＞0.1.Institutions with intermediary centrality＞0.1 included Chinese Academy of Sciences,Peking University,Fudan University,Sun Yat-sen Univer-sity and Zhejiang University.Key words with high centrality included"diagnosis""risk factor""voriconazole"and"Candida albicans".Clustering analysis grouped the co-occurrence network of key words into 6 clusters,mainly covering fungal diagnosis,treatment,and susceptible factors.Since 2020,focuses on the safety of antifungal treat-ment agents and primary prevention have emerged,with hot topics including pharmacokinetics,children,clinical features,and risk factors.Conclusion Currently,research teams are dispersed with insufficient interdisciplinary collaboration.Research topics are relatively simple.It is necessary to strengthen research on fungal resistance and healthcare-associated infection prevention and control.Risk factors and prevention measures for IFIs may be the fo-cus of future research.

Objective:To investigate the effects and its related mechanism of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells(PMSCs)on the lipopolysaccharides(LPS)damaged astrocytes.Methods:Primary astrocytes were isolated from the cerebral cortex of neonatal rats.The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)was identified using immu-nofluorescence staining to evaluate the purity of the primary astrocytes.PMSCs were cocultured with LPS-treated astro-cytes.The expression levels of factors related to inflammation including interleukin-1β(IL-1β),inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),arginase-1(Arg-1),S100 calcium-bind-ing protein A10(S100A10),and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway-related proteins such as transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1),transforming growth factor beta type I receptor(TβRⅠ),transforming growth factor beta type II re-ceptor(TβRⅡ),phospho-Smad2 and phospho-Smad3(p-Smad2,p-Smad3)in astrocytes from each group were detec-ted using real time RT-PCR or Western blot techniques.Results:Astrocytes at the third passage exhibited an 80%pos-itivity rate for GFAP.After treated with 10 μg/ml LPS,the astrocytes expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β,iNOS,IL-6,and TNF-α were significantly increased(P<0.05),while their expression levels of the anti-inflam-matory factors of Arg-1 and S100A10 were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Meanwhile,their expression levels of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway related proteins of TGF-β1,TβRⅠ,TβRⅡ,p-Smad2 and Smad3 were increased(P<0.05).After the LPS damaged astrocytes were cocultured with PMSCs,their expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β,iNOS,IL-6,and TNF-α were significantly decreased(P<0.05),while their expression levels of the anti-inflammatory factors of Arg-1 and S100A10 were significantly increased(P<0.05).Also,their expression levels of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway related proteins of TGF-β1,TβRⅠ,TβRⅡ,p-Smad2,and Smad3 were decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion:PMSCs may inhibit the activation of A1 astrocytes through the TGF-β/Smad signaling path-way,by which reducing the astrocytic activation.

ObjectiveTo introduce a fixation technique with the modified levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system （LNG-IUS） and evaluate its efficacy in the treatment of adenomyosis patients with previous LNG-IUS expulsion. MethodsA retrospective analysis was done on 22 adenomyosis patients who underwent modified LNG-IUS fixation due to LNG-IUS expulsion at three hospitals from June 2022 to June 2023. The baseline clinical characteristics， operative and postoperative details were collected and analyzed. The Visual analogu scale （VAS） scores and pictorial blood loss assessment chart （PBAC） scores were measured and compared before， 3 and 6 months after the LNG-IUS fixation. ResultsThe mean operative time was （19.51±7.41） min and intraoperative bleeding was （6.71±5.30） mL. Of the patients， 13 were operated under local anaesthesia and the other 9 under intravenous anaesthesia. There were 4 operations performed by a resident doctor， 15 by an attending doctor and 3 by a senior doctor. No intraoperative or postoperative complication was found. The mean follow-up was 11.51 months and no patient had a recurrence of LNG-IUS expulsion during the follow-up period. The mean level of hemoglobin at 1 month after operation was significantly higher than that before （P<0.001）. VAS scores and PBAC scores at 3 and 6 months postoperatively were all improved significantly than those preoperatively （P<0.001）. ConclusionsEffectively preventing the recurrence of LNG-IUS expulsion， modified LNG-IUS fixation is a safe and efficient method for adenomyosis patients with previous LNG-IUS expulsion. Modified LNG-IUS fixation deserves the clinical application due to its easy operation and wide range of use on women.

Objective To investigate the association between microvariants at locus DYS570 and Y-SNPs haplogroup.Methods 89 Y-SNPs and 34 Y-STRs in AIYSNP42,AIYSNP47 and YfilerTM Platinum kits were used to detect the genotype of 116 microvariants at locus DYS570 in Kunming,and the Set-B kit was used to detect the core repeat sequences of the DYS570 locus.The data were statistically analyzed by direct counting method.Then,a network map was drawn by Network 10.2,in order to visualize the genetic information of the sample.Results The results demonstrated that 111 DYS570/18.3-21.3 samples had a core repeat sequence of TTT[TITC]18-21,belonging to subgroup O2a2b1a1a1a4-F14494.A DYS570/20.3 sample had a core repeat sequence of[TTTC]15TTC[TTTC]5,belonging to O2a1b1a1a1a1e-F1365 subgroup.A DYS570/17.1 sample had a core repeat sequence of[TTTC]17 T,belonging to the O2a1b1a1a1a-F11 subgroup.Three DYS570(19.2)samples had[TTTC]3 TT[TTTC]16,belonging to the D1a1a-M15 haplogroup.Conclusion The results indicated that the microvariant with the same core repeat structure at locus DYS570 was associated with haplogroups,and the ancestry origin of samples can be inferenced from microvariant characteristics during the practice of forensic medicine.

Objective To investigate the predictive factors for death within 30 days after admission in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and acute kidney injury(AKI),and to establish and validate a nomogram prediction model.Methods The Joint Medical Record Management System of The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University was used to obtain the patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis who were hospitalized in Department of Gastroenterology and Department of Infectious Diseases from January 2015 to December 2020,among whom 330 patients who met the 2015 International Club of Ascites diagnostic criteria for AKI were enrolled and divided into training group with 193 patients and validation group with 137 patients.A Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the predictive factors for death,and then a nomogram prediction model for the risk of death within 30 days after admission was established and validated.The independent-samples t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups,and a one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups,while the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups;The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups,while the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison between multiple groups.The chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups.Results The prevalence rate of AKI was 16.5%in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis.The 330 patients included in the study had a mean age of 53.6±12.4 years,and male patients accounted for 79.1%.The mortality rate was 50.0%within 30 days after admission,with a mortality rate of 46.6%in the training group and 54.7%in the validation group.The presence of acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)on admission was an independent risk factor for the progression of AKI into stage 1(odds ratio=2.571,95%confidence interval:1.143-5.780,P=0.022).The nomogram based on white blood cell count,international normalized ratio,presence or absence of hepatic encephalopathy,and AKI stage on admission could well predict the risk of death with 30 days after admission,with a C-index of 0.680 in the training group and 0.683 in the validation group,and it was not inferior to CTP score and MELD score.Conclusion ACLF is an independent risk factor for the progression of AKI into stage 1.The nomogram prediction model established in this study can effectively predict the risk of death within 30 days after admission and thus has important guiding significance for the early identification and management of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and AKI.

Objective To study the effectiveness of pro-abdominal exercise in improving the quality of gastroscopy,and provide patients with a better preoperative preparation for gastroscopy.Methods 307 patients who underwent painless gastroscopy from March to July 2023 were selected and divided into three groups according to the random number table method.There were 106 cases in the abdominal massage group,103 cases in the bed turning group and 98 cases in the control group.On the basis of routine medication,different preoperative activity guidance was used to compare and analyze the preoperative preparation time,examination time and gastric mucosal visual field clarity score in each group.Results The gastroscopy time in the abdominal massage group and the bed-turning group was significantly shorter than that in the control group,and the clarity score of the gastric mucosal visual field was significantly lower than that of the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).However,there were no statistically significant differences in the gastroscopy time or visual field clarity score for gastric body,gastric fundus,and gastric antrum between the abdominal massage group and the bed-turning group(P>0.05).The satisfaction rate of endoscopists in the abdominal massage group and the bed turning group was higher than that in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant.Conclusion Abdominal massage and turning over in bed as preoperative preparation methods for gastroscopy can improve the quality of gastroscopy,while abdominal massage can shorten the preparation time before gastroscopy,which is helpful for the efficient operation of digestive endoscopy center and is worthy of clinical application.

Objective:The aim of this study is to establish the reference interval of refined immune cell subsets by multi-parameter flow cytometry.Methods:In this cross sectional study, a total of 326 healthy participants were included and divided into two groups based on age: 18-40 years old group and 41-60 years old group. Peripheral venous blood was collected in a fasting status. Flow cytometry tests were performed according to previous consensus article. The analysis of reference interval was conducted according to the documents of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) EP28-A3c and Health Industry Standards of the People′s Republic of China WS/T 402-2024.Results:The T,B,NK,DC and monocyte refined immune cell subsets applicable to the reference range of the general population mainly include: CD3 +(56.4%-83.3%),CD4 +TEMRRA (0.2%-11.6%), CD4 +TEM (14.9%-52.8%), CD4 +CD28 +(76.3%-99.9%), CD19 +CD5 +(9.7%-45.8%), CD19 +CD27 -(45.7%-90.0%), CD19 +CD27 +(9.8%-54.0%), CD3 +CD16 +CD56 +(1.3%-20.2%), CD3 -CD19 -CD20 -CD14 -CD56 -HLA-DR +(0.4%-2.0%), Monocyte Mo1 subset CD14 +CD16 -(46.3%-94.6%), monocyte Mo2 subset CD14 +CD16 +(2.8%-49.7%), etc. When the Z-value between different age groups was higher than Z* (3.50 cut-off value), the reference intervals of these subsets should be established independently according to age. Conclusions:In this study, the reference intervals of refined subsets of immune cells by multi-parameter flow cytometry has been preliminarily established. For those subgroups that meet the grouping criteria, age should be fully considered in clinical applications and laboratory validation.

Objective:To develop a perinatal depression screening scale for Chinese urban version and test its reliability and validity.Methods:Naturally conceived women who were≥12 weeks of gestation and had regular prenatal examinations or delivered within four weeks in Xi'an and Foshan were recruited using convenience sampling. Initial entries were created through clinical interviews and expert validation of 50 of these pregnancies. Further item screening and testing for reliability and validity using correlation analysis, critical ratio method, homogeneity test, and factor analysis were performed. The final questionnaire was formed and then used to test the subjects. Fifty women who had completed the questionnaire effectively were selected for retesting 10 to 15 days after the initial evaluation. A structural equation model was constructed using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) as the reference criterion to conduct the scale's exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The receiver operating characters curve was used to determine the cut-off point of the scale.Results:(1) 1 300 questionnaires were issued, and 1 049 valid questionnaires were received with a recovery rate of 80.7%. Among them, 601 were used for exploratory and correlation analysis, and 448 were used for confirmatory factor analysis. (2) The initial entries of the scale totaled 63. After eliminating indicators that did not meet the requirements for item analysis, the final scale consisted of 22 entries in total. The final scale consisted of six dimensions, including "abnormal mood", "loss of interest and pleasure," "sleep disorder," "self-blame and guilt," "decline in conscious thought ability," and "lack of energy". (3) The correlation coefficients between the above six dimensions and EPDS were 0.609, 0.322, 0.423, 0.522, 0.545, and 0.516, respectively. The one between the total scale and EPDS was 0.715 (all P<0.01). (4) The confirmatory factor analysis of each model and the scale showed an acceptable fit and a stable factor structure with indices Chi-square/degrees of freedom =2.504, square root of approximation error=0.058, standardized root mean square residual=0.048, comparative fit index=0.925, Tueker-Lewis index=0.911. After retaining 22 items, the Cronbach's coefficients of the six dimensions ranged from 0.708 to 0.870. (5) The test-retest reliability of the total scale, six dimensions, and 22 items were 0.936, 0.786-0.846, and 0.720-0.886, respectively. (6) The receiver operating characteristic curve of the scale was drawn with EPDS≥13 as the cut-off value, and the area under the curve (AUC) of EPDS was 0.808 (95% CI: 0.744-0.872). When the original cut-off point was 21, the Youden index was the max (0.561), with sensitivity and specificity of 0.952 and 0.609, respectively. The Kappa value was 0.691, indicating that the scale was consistent with EPDS. Conclusion:This study preliminarily established a Chinese urban version of the perinatal depression screening scale with a stable factor structure and good reliability and validity.