With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, computational pathology has been seamlessly integrated into the entire clinical workflow, which encompasses diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and biomarker discovery. This integration has significantly enhanced clinical accuracy and efficiency while reducing the workload for clinicians. Traditionally, research in this field has depended on the collection and labeling of large datasets for specific tasks, followed by the development of task-specific computational pathology models. However, this approach is labor intensive and does not scale efficiently for open-set identification or rare diseases. Given the diversity of clinical tasks, training individual models from scratch to address the whole spectrum of clinical tasks in the pathology workflow is impractical, which highlights the urgent need to transition from task-specific models to foundation models (FMs). In recent years, pathological FMs have proliferated. These FMs can be classified into three categories, namely, pathology image FMs, pathology image-text FMs, and pathology image-gene FMs, each of which results in distinct functionalities and application scenarios. This review provides an overview of the latest research advancements in pathological FMs, with a particular emphasis on their applications in oncology. The key challenges and opportunities presented by pathological FMs in precision oncology are also explored.
Humans ; Precision Medicine/methods* ; Medical Oncology/methods* ; Artificial Intelligence ; Neoplasms/pathology* ; Computational Biology/methods*

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, its applications in medical imaging have become increasingly extensive. This review aimed to analyze the current development status and future direction of intelligent imaging technology by investigating its application in various medical departments. To achieve this, we conducted a comprehensive search of various data sources up to 2024, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, based on the principle of comprehensive search. A total of 332 articles were screened, and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 56 articles were selected for this study. According to the findings, intelligent imaging technology exhibits robust image recognition capabilities, making it applicable across diverse medical imaging modalities within hospital departments. This technology offers an efficient solution for the analysis of various medical images by extracting and accurately identifying complex features. Consequently, it significantly aids in the detection and diagnosis of clinical diseases. Its high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity render it an indispensable tool in clinical diagnostics and related tasks, thereby enhancing the overall quality of healthcare services. The application of intelligent imaging technology in healthcare significantly enhances the efficiency of clinical diagnostics, resulting in more accurate and timely patient assessments. This advanced technology offers a faster and more precise diagnostic approach, ultimately improving patient care and outcomes. This review analyzed the socioeconomic changes brought about by intelligent imaging technology to provide a more comprehensive evaluation. Also, we systematically analyzed the current shortcomings of intelligent imaging technology and its future development directions, to enable future research.
Humans ; Artificial Intelligence ; Diagnostic Imaging/methods* ; Hospitals

Objective:To explore the effect of social skill training on the frustration and self-esteem of schizophrenics.Methods:From December 2020 to May 2021, 100 schizophrenics hospitalized in the same ward of the Huai'an Third People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province were selected as the research object by convenience sampling. The patients were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 50 cases each. The control group received routine nursing, while the observation group carried out social skills training on the basis of the control group. Before and 8 weeks after the intervention, the frustration, self-esteem and social function of the patients in the two groups were evaluated with the Defeat Scale (DS), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (SES) and the Scale of Social Function in Psychosis Inpatients (SSPI) .Results:Before intervention, there was no statistical difference in scores of frustration, self-esteem and social function between the two groups ( P>0.05). After intervention, the scores of frustration in the two groups were lower than those before intervention, and the scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, with statistical differences ( P<0.01). The scores of self-esteem and social function in the two groups were higher than those before intervention, and the scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, with statistical differences ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Social skill training can improve the mental state of schizophrenics, reduce their frustration, adjust their self-esteem, and improve their social functions.

Objective:To explore the advantages, disadvantages, and precautions of clinically applying four types of non-trunk vessels as recipient vessels in the free flap transplantation for repairing peri-knee wounds.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the clinical data was conducted of 23 patients (12 males and 11 females) with peri-knee skin and soft tissue defects who underwent free anterolateral thigh flaps or free latissimus dorsi flaps. The patients were admitted to the Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Wuxi 9th People’s Hospital, from January 2015 to December 2019. The patients were aged 20-72 years (mean 41.9). The wound size with vital tissue exposure was 18.0 cm×5.0 cm-42.0 cm×9.0 cm. Preoperative color Doppler and computerized tomography angiography techniques were used to assist in positioning and to measure the recipient vessels (including the descending genicular vessel, descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex vessel, the medial sural vessel, and the medial inferior genicular vessel) and blood vessels in the donor area (including descending branches of lateral femoral circumflex vessels and thoracic dorsal vessels). The caliber was measured and verified by a soft ruler with a scale intraoperative. The measured values of the caliber were recorded in the preoperative and intraoperative. The color and texture of the two flaps and the healing of the donor sites were observed postoperatively. The conformance ratio of preoperative and intraoperative measured values of vessels in the donor and recipient areas (except for the only case of the medial inferior genicular vessel) was compared. SPSS 26.0 software was used for data analysis. The measurement data were showed as Mean±SD, and the comparison results were analyzed by paired t-test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 23 patients with skin and soft tissue defects around the knee were enrolled. The size of the tissue flap was 18.0 cm×5.0 cm-46.0 cm×9.0 cm. Twelve of 14 anterolateral thigh flaps anastomosed to the descending genicular vessel survived. The remaining two cases had a length of 6 cm and 4 cm necrosis at the distal flap, which was finally given skin-grafting and healed. One of the 12 survived flaps failed in limb salvage in Phase Ⅰ and was thus given flap reconstruction in Phase Ⅱ. Another case was given amputation due to serious infection of limbs, with incomplete ends of the survived flaps rotated and covered. In four cases anastomosed to the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral vessel, three anterolateral thigh flaps survived completely, and one distal latissimus dorsi flap had a length of 12 cm necrosis which was given debridement and Ilizarov bone transport for heal. Two anterolateral thigh flaps and two latissimus dorsi flaps anastomosed to the medial sural vessel survived completely, of which one anterolateral thigh flap had vein crisis which was later solved. The anterolateral thigh flap of 1 case anastomosed to medial inferior genicular vessels completely survived. The postoperative follow-up lasted 3-30 months with an average of 13.6 months. All the flaps have good color and textures with good incision heal at the donor site in Phase Ⅰ. There was no statistically significant difference in the preoperative and intraoperative measurement values of blood vessel caliber in the donor and recipient areas ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Four non-trunk peri-knee blood vessels can serve as recipient vessels of the free tissue flaps, and proper selection of the vessels can effectively improve the survival rate of the tissue flaps. The descending genicular vessel can serve as the recipient vessel for a priority, as with a superficial position, fixed dissection, simple positioning, and convenient intraoperative dissection.

Objective:To explore the advantages, disadvantages, and precautions of clinically applying four types of non-trunk vessels as recipient vessels in the free flap transplantation for repairing peri-knee wounds.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the clinical data was conducted of 23 patients (12 males and 11 females) with peri-knee skin and soft tissue defects who underwent free anterolateral thigh flaps or free latissimus dorsi flaps. The patients were admitted to the Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Wuxi 9th People’s Hospital, from January 2015 to December 2019. The patients were aged 20-72 years (mean 41.9). The wound size with vital tissue exposure was 18.0 cm×5.0 cm-42.0 cm×9.0 cm. Preoperative color Doppler and computerized tomography angiography techniques were used to assist in positioning and to measure the recipient vessels (including the descending genicular vessel, descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex vessel, the medial sural vessel, and the medial inferior genicular vessel) and blood vessels in the donor area (including descending branches of lateral femoral circumflex vessels and thoracic dorsal vessels). The caliber was measured and verified by a soft ruler with a scale intraoperative. The measured values of the caliber were recorded in the preoperative and intraoperative. The color and texture of the two flaps and the healing of the donor sites were observed postoperatively. The conformance ratio of preoperative and intraoperative measured values of vessels in the donor and recipient areas (except for the only case of the medial inferior genicular vessel) was compared. SPSS 26.0 software was used for data analysis. The measurement data were showed as Mean±SD, and the comparison results were analyzed by paired t-test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 23 patients with skin and soft tissue defects around the knee were enrolled. The size of the tissue flap was 18.0 cm×5.0 cm-46.0 cm×9.0 cm. Twelve of 14 anterolateral thigh flaps anastomosed to the descending genicular vessel survived. The remaining two cases had a length of 6 cm and 4 cm necrosis at the distal flap, which was finally given skin-grafting and healed. One of the 12 survived flaps failed in limb salvage in Phase Ⅰ and was thus given flap reconstruction in Phase Ⅱ. Another case was given amputation due to serious infection of limbs, with incomplete ends of the survived flaps rotated and covered. In four cases anastomosed to the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral vessel, three anterolateral thigh flaps survived completely, and one distal latissimus dorsi flap had a length of 12 cm necrosis which was given debridement and Ilizarov bone transport for heal. Two anterolateral thigh flaps and two latissimus dorsi flaps anastomosed to the medial sural vessel survived completely, of which one anterolateral thigh flap had vein crisis which was later solved. The anterolateral thigh flap of 1 case anastomosed to medial inferior genicular vessels completely survived. The postoperative follow-up lasted 3-30 months with an average of 13.6 months. All the flaps have good color and textures with good incision heal at the donor site in Phase Ⅰ. There was no statistically significant difference in the preoperative and intraoperative measurement values of blood vessel caliber in the donor and recipient areas ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Four non-trunk peri-knee blood vessels can serve as recipient vessels of the free tissue flaps, and proper selection of the vessels can effectively improve the survival rate of the tissue flaps. The descending genicular vessel can serve as the recipient vessel for a priority, as with a superficial position, fixed dissection, simple positioning, and convenient intraoperative dissection.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a domestic recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor type Ⅱ- IgG Fc fusion protein (rhTNFR-Fc)for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis vulgaris. Methods A multicenter, randomized, double blind, parallel-group, positive drug-controlled clinical trial was conducted. According to random numbers generated by a hierarchical segmentation method using the SAS 9.2 software, patients with moderate to severe psoriasis vulgaris were randomly divided into two groups to be injected with two kinds of domestic rhTNFR-Fc under the trade names of Anbainuo(test group)and Yisaipu(control group)respectively at a dose of 25 mg twice a week for 12 consecutive weeks. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving a 50%, 75% and 90% reduction in psoriasis area and severity index(PASI50, PASI75 and PASI90)at week 2, 6 and 12 after initiation of the treatment. Adverse reactions were also recorded. Statistical analysis was carried out by using the chi-square test, Fisher′s exact test, two-sample t-test, and noninferiority trials with the software SAS 9.2. Results A total of 180 patients were enrolled in this study from 5 centers, and 174 completed this trial, of whom, 88 were assigned to the test group and 86 to the control group. Analysis of the full analysis set (FAS)revealed no significant differences in PASI50(75.6%(68/90)vs. 82.2%(74/90), P > 0.05)or PASI75(51.1%(46/90)vs. 50.0%(45/90), P > 0.05) between the test group and control group, but a significant increase in PASI90 in the test group compared with the control group (30.0% (27/90)vs.16.7% (15/90), χ2 = 4.472, P < 0.05)at week 12. Drug-related adverse reactions included elevation of transaminases, leukopenia, upper respiratory infections, injection-site reactions, abnormalities in urine routine test and purified protein derivative (PPD)skin test results, etc. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence rate of adverse reactions(χ2 = 0.188, P > 0.05), most of which were mild, and subsided spontaneously or after appropriate treatment. Conclusion The domestic rhTNFR-Fc (trade name:Anbainuo)25 mg twice a week for 12 weeks is effective and safe for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis——————————vulgaris.

Objective To investigate the expression of Dynamin subtypes in inner hair cell (IHC) of mice,and to discuss their possible roles in age-related hearing loss.Methods Auditory brainstem response (ABR) was recorded from the Kunming mice on postnatal 3 weeks(young),l0 weeks (adult),and 16 months (aged),10 mice in each group.The expression of each Dynamin isoforms in the hair cells of the cochlea was observed by immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscope,and the transcription level of Dynamin subtypes mRNA was detected in qRT-PCR.Data analysis using SPSS 18 software Results ABR threshold showed no significant difference between the group of young and adult(t =-5.273,P =0.076),but the threshold of the aged group increased comparing with young group (t =-8.365,P =0.000),and adult group(t =-6.191,P =0.000).All subtypes expressed in the inner hair cell of mice,of which Dynamin-1 and 2 expressed in the whole inner hair cell in the group of young and adult.In the aged group,Dynamin-1 was lost beneath the nucleus,and Dynamin-2 only be found near the nucleus.In addition,Dynamin-3 was scattered in the region of the basal part of the cells beneath the nucleus and near the spiral ganglion.The qRT-PCR revealed that mRNA of Dynamin-1 reduced with age(F =10.410,P =0.011),mRNA of Dynamin-2 increased to a peak in the adult group and then reduced with age (F =24.575,P =0.000).Meanwhile,mRNA of Dynamin-3 was not be detected.Conclusions All subtypes of Dynamin express in IHC.The expression of Dynamin-1 and 2 is up-regulated during maturity,which might alter the endocytosis of IHC;and the disorder of endocytosis might modulate the synaptic transmission of IHC.Whether Dynamin-3 plays a role in inner hair cells remains unclear because of the low expression.

Objective To investigate the brain metabolic changes and evaluate their spatial distributions after traumatic axonal injury (TAI)in rats by using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H-MRS).Methods The TAI model was made by subjecting the head of the rats to the linear and angular accelerations.The multi-voxel MRS was employed to detect the tissue metabolic state at the levels of hippocampus-caudate and pons prior to injury and at 24 hours after injury.The alterations of NAA/Cr,NAA/Cho and Cho/Cr values as well as the spatial distribution of NAA/Cr reduction were accessed. Immunohistochemical staining for β-APP was used to observe the injured axons. Results A siguificantdecrease in NAA/Cr and NAA/Cho(P<0.05)and subtle increase in Cho/Cr(P>0.05)were observed in rats at 24 hours after TAI in comparison to the pre-injury levels.Notable decrease in NAA/Cr value was observed in the areas including the brain stem,hippocampus,internal capsule,corpus callosum and thalamus,where axonal injuries were confirmed by the histological examination. Conclusion Metabolic imbalances Occur in the brains of rats with TAI.with notable changes in the brain stem and the hippocampus.

Objective To observe the spatiotemporal characteristics of the micro-structural injury in a rat model of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and quantitatively assess the axonal injury severity in the vulnerable areas. Methods The 7.0 T MRI was performed in rats in DAI group (n =20) and control group ( n = 15 ) to synthesize the diffusion tensor imaging ( DTI) parameter map and calculate the parameter value of the vulnerable areas. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect β-APP expression in the vulnerable areas and the IPP software to quantitatively assess the axonal injury severity. Results Compared with the control group, FA and AD maps showed local signal defection or reduction in the corpus callosum and their values decreased significantly in the brain stem and corpus callosum in the DAI group (P ＜0.01 ). The integrated optical density (IOD) value of the vulnerable areas in the DAI group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P ＜ 0. 01 ) , with the highest level in the brain stem (P＜0.05). The normalized FA, AD and ADC in the vulnerable areas were correlated negatively with the IOD (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion DTI can detect invisible micro-structural injury in the vulnerable areas and quantitatively assess the axonal injury severity in vivo in the early stage.

Objective To investigate whether HSP90α could be a sensitive and specific serum biomarker for the diagnosis and progression of lung cancer. Methods In the present study, different secretomic analy-ses on the two human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines CL1-0 and CL1-5 with low and high metastatic poten-tial, respectively, were performed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ma-trix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The candidate biomarker was con-firmed by Western blotting, and was further analyzed in 224 serum samples including 141 lung cancer, 37 benign pulmonary diseases, as well as 46 healthy individuals using ELISA assay. Results HSP90α was sig-nificantly upregulated in the CM of CL1-5 cells. It was found that the levels of HSP90α were specifically ele-vated in the sera of non-small cell lung cancer compared with other groups. At the cut-off point 0.535 on the receiver operating oharacteristie curve, HSP90α could comparatively discriminate lung cancer from benign lung disease and healthy control groups with sensitivity of 0. 817, specificity 0. 919 and total accuracy 80. 14%. Conclusion HSP90α may be a potential useful serum biomarker for discriminating lung cancer from benign lung diseases and healthy individuals and staging of non-small cell lung cancer.