Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important pathogen for both human bloodstream infections and mastitis in cows. However, little attention has been paid to the cross-host transmission of MRSA from cows to high-risk groups in China. Objective To determine the MRSA colonization rates among dairy cows and dairy farm workers in Xinjiang, identify the antibiotic resistance profiles and molecular characteristics of the isolates, and provide scientific evidence for the formulation of targeted infection control strategies. Method A cross-sectional survey combined with laboratory pathogen analysis was conducted. From June to August 2024, large-scale dairy farms in Xinjiang region were selected as study sites. Nasal swabs (n=96) and skin swabs (n=39) were collected from workers, and bovine nasal swab samples (n=109) were collected simultaneously. All samples were subjected to MRSA isolation, cultivation, and identification, followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing to characterize resistance phenotypes. Staphylococcus aureus protein A (Spa) typing was performed to determine strain genotypes and elucidate MRSA colonization rates and molecular epidemiological patterns. Results A total of 35 MRSA strains was successfully isolated from 244 samples. The MRSA colonization rates among dairy farm workers and dairy cows were 20.83% (20/96) and 12.84% (14/109), respectively, with an overall isolation rate of 14.34% (35/244). Among the workers, the nasal colonization rate was 16.67% (16/96), and the skin colonization rate was 12.82% (5/39). One worker exhibited MRSA colonization at multiple body sites. All MRSA strains were resistant to cefoxitin (100%, 35/35). The resistance rates to erythromycin and clindamycin were 42.86% (15/35) and 34.29% (12/35), respectively. Thirteen strains showed a multidrug-resistant phenotype, whereas all strains were susceptible to vancomycin. The MRSA isolates exhibited high genetic diversity, with 13 Spa types identified, among which t441 was the most prevalent (8 strains). Both t441 and t034 types were detected in samples from both the dairy cows and their handlers. These two Spa types also carried and stably inherited specific resistance combinations, including erythromycin–clindamycin–cefoxitin and ciprofloxacin–erythromycin–clindamycin–gentamicin–cefoxitin–tetracycline, and a statistically significant association was also observed between the two resistance profiles and the bacterial types (P < 0.001). In addition, one novel Spa type strain was identified. Conclusion MRSA colonization rates among dairy cows and dairy farm workers in Xinjiang are relatively high, with evidence of multi-site colonization. The isolates exhibit high levels of multidrug resistance and genetic diversity, indicating a potential risk of cross-host transmission.

ObjectiveThis paper aims to observe the syndrome improvement and negative antigen conversion rate of Qingxuan Daozhi formula in the treatment of influenza in children （heat accumulation in the lung and stomach syndrome）. MethodsThrough a multi-center randomized controlled methodology design，confirmed influenza cases were collected from October 2022 to April 2023 in the pediatrics department of eight hospitals，such as Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. A total of 180 children with influenza and heat accumulation in the lung and stomach syndrome conforming to the standard were recruited through the clinic. The sick children meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into groups by a block-randomized method. The children in the experimental group were treated with Qingxuan Daozhi formula for five days，and those in the control group were treated with Oseltamivir Phosphate Granules for five days. The primary efficacy indicator was the negative conversion rate of influenza antigen detection. Secondary efficacy indicators were the Canadian acute respiratory illness and flu scale （CARIFS） and the incidence of complications，severe cases， and critical cases. Follow-up observation was conducted on the day of enrollment，48 hours after medication，72 hours after medication， and （6+1） d after medication. ResultsOne hundred and eighty participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group （90 cases） or the control group （90 cases）. All participants were followed up during the study. Comparison of influenza antigen detection results in the primary efficacy indicators showed that the average time of negative influenza antigen conversion in the experimental group was （5.29±1.25） d，and that in the control group was （5.40±1.68） d，without a statistically significant difference. After five days of intervention，52 cases in the experimental group and 51 cases in the control group converted to negative，without a statistically significant difference. CARIFS score results in the secondary efficacy indicators showed that during 72 hours after intervention，there were statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in three dimensions， including headache，muscle soreness， and the need for extra care （P<0.05）. On the （6+1） days after the intervention，the differences in both the experimental group and the control group were statistically significant in 10 dimensions， including sore throat，bad sleep，uncomfortable feeling，poor spirit and fatigue，crying more than usual，the need for extra care，symptom，function，influence on parents，and total score （P<0.05）. The comparison results within the group in the dimensional scores of symptom， function， and influence on parents，as well as the CARIFS total score showed that with the delay of follow-up time，scores of both groups decreased significantly，with a statistically significant difference （P<0.01）. Inter-group comparison results showed that the mean score of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group at the time of enrollment. With the progress of intervention，the score of the experimental group was significantly decreased compared with that of the control group. At the end of follow-up，the mean score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group，with no statistically significant difference. In terms of the incidence of complications，severe cases， and critical cases， there were no complications，severe cases， and critical cases in the two groups，without a statistically significant difference. ConclusionThe symptom improvement effect and negative antigen conversion rate of Qingxuan Daozhi formula in the treatment of influenza in children （heat accumulation in the lung and stomach syndrome） are not inferior to Oseltamivir Phosphate granules， and children's acceptance is better. It can be more widely used in clinical treatment of influenza in children （heat accumulation in the lung and stomach syndrome）.

Background Personal protection is crucial for reducing the risk of zoonotic pathogen infection among livestock workers. Investigating the current status of its implementation and associated influencing factors can provide empirical evidence for developing more effective intervention measures. Objective To investigate the current status of personal protection implementation among livestock workers in Xinjiang, China and its influencing factors, providing a reference for formulating targeted intervention measures. Methods This study was conducted in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Kashgar region, and the First and Eighth Divisions of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. We selected large-scale cattle and sheep farms, cooperatives, individual livestock households, livestock trading markets, slaughterhouses, and retail markets. Using cluster sampling, we recruited all livestock workers (1074 participants) at sampled sites. During the period from April to July 2024, we conducted face-to-face surveys with a self-designed questionnaire among livestock workers, collecting general demographic information, occupational exposure history, and information related to the use of personal protective equipment, resulting in 939 valid questionnaires. EpiData 3.1 was used for data entry and SPSS 26.0 for statistical analysis. We employed logistic regression to compare the implementation of personal protection among workers by selected categories. Results Among the study subjects, there were 300 workers from large-scale farms (31.95%) and 583 self-employed livestock farmers (62.09%). The sample included 600 males (63.90%) and 339 females (36.10%). The majority of the study subjects was farmers, breeders, or aged 18-60 years (87.75%), auxiliary workers (87.97%) and had an education level of junior high school or below (81.36%). The proportion of workers who consistently and correctly implemented all five personal protective measures (washing hands after work, wearing gloves, wearing masks, wearing dedicated work clothes, and using rubber boots) was 35.14% (330/939). The implementation rates for these five protective measures were 93.61% (879/939), 58.68% (551/939), 57.93% (544/939), 46.01% (432/939), and 42.81% (402/939), respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the implementation rates of differen personal protective measures among the workers by occupation and education level (P<0.05). Among them, workers with lower education levels had lower implementation rates for various protective measures. The results of logistic regression indicated that, compared to male workers, female workers (OR=2.26, 95%CI: 1.68, 3.04) showed a higher rate of non-standard implementation of personal protection. Using the age group of 18 to less than 36 years as a reference, those aged 36 to less than 60 years (OR=1.82, 95%CI: 1.33, 2.50) and 60 years or older (OR=4.45, 95%CI: 2.56, 7.73) reported higher rates of non-standard implementation of personal protection. Compared to those with an education level of primary school or below, those with a junior high school education (OR=0.64, 95%CI: 0.47, 0.88) and a high school education or above (OR=0.13, 95%CI: 0.19, 0.29) showed lower rates of non-standard implementation of personal protection. Compared to farmers, veterinarians (OR=0.03, 95%CI: 0.02, 0.07) reported the lowest rate of non-standard implementation of personal protection, followed by auxiliary workers (OR=0.08, 95%CI: 0.05, 0.12), breeders (OR=0.10, 95%CI: 0.07, 0.15), and other occupational groups (OR=0.28, 95%CI: 0.15, 0.52). Using large-scale farms as a reference, self-employed farmers (OR=13.5, 95%CI: 9.65, 18.88) reported a higher rate of non-standard implementation of personal protection, followed by workers from other workplaces (OR=3.63, 95%CI: 2.01, 6.54). Conclusion The implementation of personal protective measures among livestock workers in Xinjiang is generally satisfactory. However, significant disparities in the execution of these measures exist among different types of workers, indicating the need to enhance occupational health promotion to reduce the risk of zoonotic pathogen infection among the workers.

Genomic imprinting refers to the phenomenon of differential expression of two alleles due to their different parental origins. Genes that produce genomic imprinting are usually called imprinted genes. The genetic effect caused by the presence of imprinted genes is called parent-of-origin effect. Parent-of-origin effect and genomic imprinting play important roles in the pathophysiological mechanism and occurrence and development of cardio-metabolic diseases. In-depth exploration of the law and potential roles of imprinted genes and parent-of-origin effects will help to better understand the mechanism of cardio-metabolic diseases, and also provide important theoretical basis for the precise treatment of diseases related to imprinted genes.

Objective To investigate the thalamus and thalamic subnucleus volume changes in patients with trigeminal neuralgia(TN)and to preliminarily investigate whether there is a pain processing lateralization advantage in the thalamus.Methods The three-dimensional T1WI images of 56 TN patients and 56 matched healthy controls(HC)were collected,and thalamus and thalamic subnucleus volumes were extracted by automated segmentation via a region of interest(ROI)-based morphological analysis method.Results There was no significant difference in the whole thalamus volume between TN and HC groups.Compared with HC,the bilateral ventral lateral(VL)of the thalamus were significantly smaller in patients with right-sided trigeminal neuralgia(RTN),and no significant thalamic subnucleus volume changes were found in patients with left-sided trigeminal neuralgia(LTN).After mirror-flipping the whole-brain images of the LTN,it was found that the volume of ipsilateral thalamic VL of TN group was significantly reduced than that of HC group.The volume of ipsilateral mediodorsal lateral parvocellular(MD1)of TN group was significantly smaller than that of HC group.There was no significant difference in the volume of ipsilateral and contralateral thalamic subnucleus.Conclusion The thalamic subnucleus are exclusively reduced in volume in patients with TN,and there is no significant change in whole thalamus volume,suggesting no lateralization advantage for pain processing.

Objective:To synthesize hydroxyapatite/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)(HA/PLGA) composites by substituting calcium ions in HA with Cu and Gd ions, characterize their physicochemical properties, and evaluate their feasibility for orbital bone defect repair.Methods:Different ratios of Cu-, Gd-, and Cu/Gd-substituted HA nanoparticles (Cu@HA, Gd@HA and Cu/Gd@HA) were synthesized via hydrothermal synthesis using copper nitrate, gadolinium nitrate, calcium chloride, and ammonium hydrogen phosphate.HA/PLGA, Cu@HA/PLGA, Gd@HA/PLGA, and Cu/Gd@HA/PLGA composites were prepared.HA/PLGA was prepared by co-preparing different ratios of nanoparticles with PLGA via phase inversion and solvent evaporation.The nanoparticles and composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) and micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT). Composite homogeneity was assessed by elemental analysis and the contact angle was measured to evaluate hydrophilicity.Imaging capability of composites was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and T1-weighted.CCK-8 method was used to detect the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles and their extract.Orbital bone defects model was established in 20 rats, which were randomly divided into 4 groups, and implanted with respective composites.Eight weeks after transplantation, the implants were evaluated using Micro-CT and MRI, and osteogenesis, collagen distribution and biocompatibility were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson, and Sirius red staining.All animal experiments complied with the regulations of the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Dalian Medical University and were approved (No.AEE23104).Results:XRD and ESEM results showed that co-doping with Cu/Gd induced less HA lattice distortion than single doping.FT-IR results showed that the nanoparticles doped with Cu and Gd ions were consistent with the HA infrared absorption spectrum.ICP results revealed a higher Ca content in 0.5Cu/Gd@HA and 0.5Cu@HA samples than in 0.5Gd@HA sample.There was a statistically significant overall difference in contact angles among different groups of composites ( F=5.040, P<0.05), among which the 0.5Cu/Gd@HA/PLGA composite exhibited the smallest contact angle and the best hydrophilicity.There was no statistically significant difference in porosity among different groups of composites ( F=0.004, P>0.05). MRI results showed that Gd-doped composites displayed enhanced development and that the signal intensity of the 0.5Gd@HA/PLGA group was the highest.Micro-CT scanning results showed that the composition of the composite material doped with Cu and Gd was better than that of the pure HA/PLGA group, indicating that the metal ions Cu and Gd could promote bone growth.CCK-8 results showed that the nanoparticles and their extracts had no obvious cytotoxic effects.Eight weeks after modelling, Micro-CT showed that the 0.5Cu/Gd@HA/PLGA material degraded well in vivo and the staining results of bone tissue sections in the bone defect area suggested that tissues around the implanted material and rat organs in different groups did not show biological toxicity.In addition, the Gd-doped composites showed good magnetic imaging characteristics when implanted in animals. Conclusions:Cu/Gd@HA/PLGA composites exhibit favorable physicochemical properties, biosafety, osteogenic potential, and MRI contrast and have good clinical application prospects for orbital bone repair.

Oxidative stress(OS)and dopaminergic neuron(DN)dysfunction are implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of various neurological disorders.As the primary active component of the traditional Chinese herb Scutellaria baicalensis,baicalin has garnered significant attention due to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.Baicalin exhibits a particular affinity for the dopamine(DA)system,maintaining cerebral DA levels by regulating oxidative stress(OS)-related pathways,suggesting that the DA system serves as the"intracerebral target system"through which it exerts its neuroprotective effects.Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),a central transcription factor regulating redox homeostasis,plays a pivotal role in the anti-OS process mediated by baicalin.This systematic review covers the pharmacological effects of baicalin,providing an in-depth mechanistic analysis of the interaction between OS and DN,with a focus on the latest research progress in baicalin-mediated treatment of OS through the Nrf2 signaling pathway in neurological diseases to provide theoretical references for the pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of baicalin's anti-OS modulation of the DA system for the treatment of neurological diseases.

Atherosclerosis is recognized as an inflammatory disease,and its development is regulated by multiple fac-tors,particularly dyslipidemia.Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)regulate the expression of genes that are involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation;and they have three subfamily members including PPARα,PPARβ,and PPARγ.However,synthetic PPAR agonists exhibit ambiguous effects in atherosclerotic therapy and induce various side effects.Notably,recent studies demonstrate that traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)alleviate atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases via suppressing hyperlipidemia and inflammation through regulation of PPAR signaling pathway.This article pri-marily reviews the regulatory effects of TCM on PPAR and their therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis,provides valuable in-formation for pharmacologists that are interested in searching for effective herbal prescriptions for atherosclerosis therapy and for clinicians that are interested in prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases using TCM.

Objective:To synthesize hydroxyapatite/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)(HA/PLGA) composites by substituting calcium ions in HA with Cu and Gd ions, characterize their physicochemical properties, and evaluate their feasibility for orbital bone defect repair.Methods:Different ratios of Cu-, Gd-, and Cu/Gd-substituted HA nanoparticles (Cu@HA, Gd@HA and Cu/Gd@HA) were synthesized via hydrothermal synthesis using copper nitrate, gadolinium nitrate, calcium chloride, and ammonium hydrogen phosphate.HA/PLGA, Cu@HA/PLGA, Gd@HA/PLGA, and Cu/Gd@HA/PLGA composites were prepared.HA/PLGA was prepared by co-preparing different ratios of nanoparticles with PLGA via phase inversion and solvent evaporation.The nanoparticles and composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) and micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT). Composite homogeneity was assessed by elemental analysis and the contact angle was measured to evaluate hydrophilicity.Imaging capability of composites was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and T1-weighted.CCK-8 method was used to detect the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles and their extract.Orbital bone defects model was established in 20 rats, which were randomly divided into 4 groups, and implanted with respective composites.Eight weeks after transplantation, the implants were evaluated using Micro-CT and MRI, and osteogenesis, collagen distribution and biocompatibility were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson, and Sirius red staining.All animal experiments complied with the regulations of the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Dalian Medical University and were approved (No.AEE23104).Results:XRD and ESEM results showed that co-doping with Cu/Gd induced less HA lattice distortion than single doping.FT-IR results showed that the nanoparticles doped with Cu and Gd ions were consistent with the HA infrared absorption spectrum.ICP results revealed a higher Ca content in 0.5Cu/Gd@HA and 0.5Cu@HA samples than in 0.5Gd@HA sample.There was a statistically significant overall difference in contact angles among different groups of composites ( F=5.040, P<0.05), among which the 0.5Cu/Gd@HA/PLGA composite exhibited the smallest contact angle and the best hydrophilicity.There was no statistically significant difference in porosity among different groups of composites ( F=0.004, P>0.05). MRI results showed that Gd-doped composites displayed enhanced development and that the signal intensity of the 0.5Gd@HA/PLGA group was the highest.Micro-CT scanning results showed that the composition of the composite material doped with Cu and Gd was better than that of the pure HA/PLGA group, indicating that the metal ions Cu and Gd could promote bone growth.CCK-8 results showed that the nanoparticles and their extracts had no obvious cytotoxic effects.Eight weeks after modelling, Micro-CT showed that the 0.5Cu/Gd@HA/PLGA material degraded well in vivo and the staining results of bone tissue sections in the bone defect area suggested that tissues around the implanted material and rat organs in different groups did not show biological toxicity.In addition, the Gd-doped composites showed good magnetic imaging characteristics when implanted in animals. Conclusions:Cu/Gd@HA/PLGA composites exhibit favorable physicochemical properties, biosafety, osteogenic potential, and MRI contrast and have good clinical application prospects for orbital bone repair.

Objective To investigate the thalamus and thalamic subnucleus volume changes in patients with trigeminal neuralgia(TN)and to preliminarily investigate whether there is a pain processing lateralization advantage in the thalamus.Methods The three-dimensional T1WI images of 56 TN patients and 56 matched healthy controls(HC)were collected,and thalamus and thalamic subnucleus volumes were extracted by automated segmentation via a region of interest(ROI)-based morphological analysis method.Results There was no significant difference in the whole thalamus volume between TN and HC groups.Compared with HC,the bilateral ventral lateral(VL)of the thalamus were significantly smaller in patients with right-sided trigeminal neuralgia(RTN),and no significant thalamic subnucleus volume changes were found in patients with left-sided trigeminal neuralgia(LTN).After mirror-flipping the whole-brain images of the LTN,it was found that the volume of ipsilateral thalamic VL of TN group was significantly reduced than that of HC group.The volume of ipsilateral mediodorsal lateral parvocellular(MD1)of TN group was significantly smaller than that of HC group.There was no significant difference in the volume of ipsilateral and contralateral thalamic subnucleus.Conclusion The thalamic subnucleus are exclusively reduced in volume in patients with TN,and there is no significant change in whole thalamus volume,suggesting no lateralization advantage for pain processing.